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Testing for diseases or conditions in a fetus
Prenatal testing is a tool that can be used to detect some birth defects at various stages prior to birth. Prenatal testing consists of prenatal screening
Prenatal_testing
Medical procedure
Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a method used to determine the risk for the fetus being born with certain chromosomal abnormalities, such as trisomy
Noninvasive_prenatal_testing
American medical geneticist and neonatologist
her pioneering research on fetal cell microchimerism and noninvasive prenatal testing. She is the former director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health
Diana_Bianchi
American geneticist
although battling with her own testing. Testing was done in Canada, Great Britain and Europe. There are two types of prenatal tests being offered as a part of
Nancy_Wexler
Prenatal testing for discerning the sex of a fetus before birth
Prenatal sex discernment is the prenatal testing for discerning the sex of a fetus before birth. Prenatal sex discernment can be performed by preimplantation
Prenatal_sex_discernment
Inherited neurodegenerative disorder
to prenatal genetic testing or preimplantation genetic diagnosis to ensure a child is not born with a given disease. For example, prenatal testing raises
Huntington's_disease
Medical test to identify changes in DNA or chromosomes
Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring
Genetic_testing
Sampling of amniotic fluid done mainly to detect fetal chromosomal abnormalities
such as in the assessment of infection and fetal lung maturity. Prenatal diagnostic testing, which includes amniocentesis, is necessary to conclusively diagnose
Amniocentesis
Rare congenital neuromuscular disorder
SMA-affected embryos during in-vitro fertilisation.[citation needed] Prenatal testing for SMA is possible through chorionic villus sampling, cell-free fetal
Spinal_muscular_atrophy
Hong Kong molecular biologist
best known for his contributions to the development of non-invasive prenatal testing. At CUHK, Lo is Li Ka Shing Professor of Medicine. Previously Lo was
Dennis_Lo
Bioethicist, researcher, and author
the socio-ethical aspects of Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT), also known as prenatal cell-free DNA testing. She published a paper in Nature Reviews
Vardit_Ravitsky
Disorder in which muscles fail to relax
Genetic tests, including prenatal testing, are available for both confirmed forms. Molecular testing is considered the gold standard of diagnosis. Testing at
Myotonic_dystrophy
Type of muscular dystrophy
muscular dystrophy. A prenatal test can be considered when the mother is a known or suspected carrier. Before invasive testing, determination of the fetal
Duchenne_muscular_dystrophy
Overview of the prenatal care system in the United States of America
Prenatal care in the United States is a health care preventive care protocol recommended to women to provide regular check-ups that allow obstetricians-gynecologists
Prenatal care in the United States
Prenatal_care_in_the_United_States
Type of neurofibromatosis disease
spontaneous mutation. The incidence of NF-1 is about 1 in 3500 live births. Prenatal testing may be used to identify the existence of NF-1 in the fetus. For embryos
Neurofibromatosis_type_I
Medical practice
August 25, 2025. "Sommes-nous prêts pour un test prénatal de l'autisme ?" [Are we ready for prenatal testing for autism?]. Les Vendredis Intellos (in French)
Prenatal_screening_for_autism
non-fatal mental or physical defects detected through prenatal testing. Since the advent of forms of prenatal diagnosis, such as amniocentesis and ultrasound
Disability-selective_abortion
Medical condition
genetic testing, a 25% chance exists that the child will have FD. For pregnancies at increased risk for FD, preimplantation genetic diagnosis or prenatal diagnosis
Familial_dysautonomia
Consumer health company
segment, including urine-based newborn metabolic screening, non-invasive prenatal testing, paediatric vision screening and family genetic screening services
Cordlife
American clinical genetic testing company
is a clinical genetic testing company based in Austin, Texas that specializes in non-invasive, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing technology, with a focus
Natera
Medical procedure
without injury. During prenatal care if a pregnancy is considered to be at high risk for a genetic disorder, prenatal testing can be undertaken to determine
Termination for medical reasons
Termination_for_medical_reasons
Topics referred to by the same term
punk band Northern Ireland Prison Service Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening, see Prenatal testing Miniature (alcohol) - liquor bottles 50-60 mL NIP (disambiguation)
NIPS
Medical check-ups during pregnancy
widespread practice. Prenatal screening is testing for diseases or conditions in a fetus or embryo before it is born, and prenatal diagnosis refers to
Prenatal_care
Test based on scientific data to determine if a person is pregnant
A pregnancy test is used to determine whether a woman is pregnant or not. The two primary methods are testing for the pregnancy hormone (human chorionic
Pregnancy_test
Prenatal genetic disorder test
Cell-free fetal DNA Elective genetic and genomic testing Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling Prenatal testing A PubMed search yields 168 papers using chorionic
Chorionic_villus_sampling
Family of inherited blood disorders
blood tests including a complete blood count, special hemoglobin tests, and genetic tests. Diagnosis may occur before birth through prenatal testing. Treatment
Thalassemia
Overview of sexual activity while expecting a child
Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, Casey BM, Sheffield JS, eds. (2014). "Chapter 9: Prenatal Care". Williams obstetrics (24th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education
Sexual activity during pregnancy
Sexual_activity_during_pregnancy
DNA tests performed without definite indication
condition. Prenatal testing is diagnostic testing of a fetus before birth to detect abnormalities in the chromosomes or genes. Samples for this testing are obtained
Elective genetic and genomic testing
Elective_genetic_and_genomic_testing
Blood test used in immunohematology
cells. The indirect Coombs test is used in prenatal testing of pregnant women and in testing prior to a blood transfusion. The test detects antibodies against
Coombs_test
Fluid surrounding a fetus within the amnion
constellation of findings related to insufficient amniotic fluid. On every prenatal visit, the obstetrician, gynaecologist, or midwife should measure the patient's
Amniotic_fluid
Non-medical companion
"death doulas" or full spectrum doulas who continue with a client from the prenatal period. Miscarriage and still birth doulas provide grief support for families
Doula
Chinese genome sequencing company
Liberation Army (PLA) and use of genetic data from prenatal tests. BGI denied that it shares prenatal genetics data with the PLA. Wang Jian, Yu Jun, Yang
BGI_Group
Book
Testing Women, Testing the Fetus by Rayna Rapp is a book, published in 1999, about analysis of the social repercussions of prenatal genetic testing. Rapp
Testing Women, Testing the Fetus
Testing_Women,_Testing_the_Fetus
Genetic disorder involving connective tissue
root diameter. For most women, safe vaginal delivery is possible. Prenatal testing can be performed in females with Marfan syndrome to determine if the
Marfan_syndrome
American life sciences company
non-invasive prenatal genetic testing include Ariosa, Ravgen, Illumina (Verinata Health), PerkinElmer and Natera (The Panorama Prenatal Test). Other companies
Sequenom
Assisted reproductive technology procedure
ISBN 978-3-16-159182-2. Stern HJ (March 2014). "Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: Prenatal Testing for Embryos Finally Achieving Its Potential". Journal of Clinical Medicine
In_vitro_fertilisation
Nutrition of the mother during pregnancy
Prenatal nutrition addresses nutrient recommendations before and during pregnancy. Nutrition and weight management before and during pregnancy has a profound
Prenatal_nutrition
X chromosome monosomy
previously thought; incidental diagnosis, such as in biobank samples or prenatal testing for older mothers, finds many girls and women with few traditional
Turner_syndrome
Group of autosomal recessive genetic disorders that affect Finns much more frequently
many of these diseases have been determined, enabling genetic testing, prenatal testing, and counseling. This has raised questions of bioethics and eugenics
Finnish_heritage_disease
Genetic disorder involving an imprinted genomic region
and up to 25% if a parental chromosomal translocation is present. Prenatal testing is possible for any of the known genetic mechanisms. A microdeletion
Prader–Willi_syndrome
Congenital disorder of genetic origin
syndrome or sibling with KS), it is possible to test for one of the specific mutations. This prenatal testing does require a CVS or amniocentesis. However
Kabuki_syndrome
British actress (born 1970)
Down's Syndrome?, which examined the potential impact of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT).[citation needed] She appeared in All Star Musicals and Tim
Sally_Phillips
Delivery through the vagina
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Vaginal_delivery
Childbirth that occurs in water
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Water_birth
Vaginal discharge in the first few weeks after giving birth
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Lochia
Genetic disorder affecting mostly the lungs
preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) with natural conception (NC) followed by prenatal testing and abortion of affected pregnancies, PGD provides net economic benefits
Cystic_fibrosis
Scientology and Dianetics practice
Todd (December 21, 2004). "Blood test for newborns faces religious challenge". Omaha World-Herald. "Infant blood test clashes with religion in Nebraska"
Silent_birth
Procreative biological processes of humanity
spermatozoa formation, making conception more difficult. This is why the testes are carried in an external scrotum rather than within the abdomen; they
Human_reproduction
Use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy
Obstetric ultrasonography, or prenatal ultrasound, is the use of medical ultrasound in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual
Obstetric_ultrasonography
Childbirth in which the head emerges first
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Cephalic_presentation
Moment in pregnancy when the mother starts to feel movement in the uterus
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Quickening
Prenatal organism between the embryonic state and birth
Following the embryonic stage, the fetal stage of development takes place. Prenatal development is a continuum, with no clear defining feature distinguishing
Fetus
Date on which a pregnant woman is estimated to give birth
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Estimated_date_of_delivery
Childbirth technique
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Lamaze_technique
Death of a fetus at or after 20–28 weeks of pregnancy
(January 2018). "Cell-Free DNA-Based Noninvasive Prenatal Testing and Society.". Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT). Academic Press. pp. 235–249. doi:10
Stillbirth
Childbirth in a non-clinical setting
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Home_birth
American scientist, inventor and entrepreneur (born 1969)
several liquid biopsy diagnostics, including noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), novel tests for organ transplant rejection, infectious disease, and cancer
Stephen_Quake
Bayesian diagnostic threshold derived from the geometry of screening curves
obstetric and gynecologic screening tests, including gestational diabetes screening, non-invasive prenatal testing, combined first-trimester screening
Prevalence_threshold
Blood test
Rh factor testing, also known as Rhesus factor testing, is the procedure of determining the Rhesus D status of an individual (see Rh blood group system)
Rh_factor_testing
Time period beginning after the birth of a child and extending for about one month
"Postpartum period: three distinct but continuous phases". Journal of Prenatal Medicine. 4 (2): 22–25. PMC 3279173. PMID 22439056. Glazener CM, Abdalla
Postpartum_period
Psychology of the effects from pre-birth, during birth, and post-birth and events
Prenatal and perinatal psychology explores the psychological and psychophysiological effects and implications of the earliest experiences of the individual
Prenatal and perinatal psychology
Prenatal_and_perinatal_psychology
Contraction of the uterus
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Uterine_contraction
Pregnancy through in vivo fertilization
observed, often using ovulation kits, ultrasounds or blood tests, such as basal body temperature tests over, noting the color and texture of the vaginal mucus
Artificial_insemination
Medical condition
chance of inheriting the mutation. Prenatal testing may be available through laboratories offering custom prenatal testing for families in which the disease-causing
Hand–foot–genital_syndrome
Pregnancy monitoring test
the cause of long-term problems for the baby. Fetal stethoscope Nonstress test (NST) Biophysical profile (BPP) Ayres-de-Campos, Diogo (June 2018). "Electronic
Cardiotocography
and subtyping. In prenatal medicine, cfDNA analysis is widely used for fetal sex determination and non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), including parent-of-origin
Fragmentomics
Measure of the age of a pregnancy
Scheduling prenatal care Estimation of fetal viability Calculating the results of various prenatal tests, (for example, in the triple test). Birth classification
Gestational_age
First stage of pregnancy
of increased levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in a pregnancy test. The implanted embryo will receive oxygen and nutrients from the placenta
Implantation_(embryology)
Branch of medicine
and gynecology followed by a three-year fellowship. They may perform prenatal tests, provide treatments, and perform surgeries. They act both as a consultant
Maternal–fetal_medicine
Rituals in several cultures that fathers adopt during pregnancy
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Couvade
Opening of the cervix
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Cervical_dilation
Sac in which the fetus develops in amniotes
embryo. The amnion remains an important extraembryonic membrane throughout prenatal development. The third membrane is the allantois, and the fourth is the
Amniotic_sac
Topics referred to by the same term
system Cyclic vomiting syndrome Chorionic villus sampling, a form of prenatal testing Computer vision syndrome, from excessive computer display use CVS (enzyme)
CVS
Determining a human or other animal's biological sex
is incomplete and a male animal has female gonads. Prenatal sex determination is prenatal testing for discerning the sex of a person or other animal before
Determination_of_sex
Testing to identify incompatibilities between blood types
compatibility testing includes blood typing, which detects the antigens on red blood cells that determine a person's blood type; testing for unexpected
Blood_compatibility_testing
French pediatrician and geneticist (1926–1994)
known for his subsequent strong opposition to the use of amniocentesis prenatal testing for eugenic purposes through selective and elective abortion. He was
Jérôme_Lejeune
Sexual attraction to more than one gender
prenatal factors plays a role in political and social debates about homosexuality, and also raises fears about genetic profiling and prenatal testing
Bisexuality
Field of medicine concerning the prediction of future diseases of a patient
physician. Prenatal testing: Prenatal testing is used to look for diseases and conditions in a fetus or embryo before it is born. This type of testing is offered
Predictive_medicine
Laboratory technique to multiply a DNA sample for study
be tested for being genetic carriers, or their children might be tested for actually being affected by a disease. DNA samples for prenatal testing can
Polymerase_chain_reaction
Liberal use of reprogenetics in human enhancement
considered undesirable. Some of the practices included in new eugenics are prenatal testing, pre-implantation diagnosis and embryo selection, selective breeding
New_eugenics
Congenital disorder
artery. If there is a known mutation in the family, prenatal testing is available. Prenatal testing is also possible by looking for evidence of SGBS phenotype
Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome
Simpson–Golabi–Behmel_syndrome
Atypical congenital variations of sex characteristics
widespread evidence of pregnancy terminations arising from prenatal testing, as well as prenatal hormone treatment to prevent intersex traits. Behrmann and
Intersex
1943 book by C. S. Lewis
quality Oocyte selection Polygenic (risk) score (technical article) Prenatal testing Selective abortion Sex selection Sperm sorting "Nobelist sperm banks"
The_Abolition_of_Man
Cultural practice
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Postpartum_confinement
American biotechnology company
pre-implantation genetic screening, miscarriage analysis, prenatal and pediatric diagnostics, offering DNA-based testing for the detection of genetic abnormalities beyond
Invitae
Female parent
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Mother
Intentionally giving birth without medical assistance
birth choose to have professional prenatal care as part of their birth preparation. This may include regular prenatal visits with a doctor or monitoring
Unassisted_childbirth
Development and formation of the human embryo
Potential person Recapitulation theory The Human Embryo Timeline of human prenatal development Representing different stages of embryogenesis Early stage
Human_embryonic_development
Birth of a baby bottom first
is not large, this is favorable for vaginal breech delivery. However, prenatal estimates of the size of the baby and the size of the pelvis are unreliable
Breech_birth
Technologies to genetically improve human bodies
testing to avoid bringing seriously disabled persons into existence, such as through selective abortion. For example, Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT)
Human_genetic_enhancement
Genetic disorder
during pregnancy by prenatal screening, followed by diagnostic testing, or after birth by direct observation and genetic testing. Since the introduction
Down_syndrome
Surgical procedure to deliver a baby
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Caesarean_section
Attachment of an embryo outside the uterus
pregnancy is typically by blood tests for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and ultrasound. This may require testing on more than one occasion. Other
Ectopic_pregnancy
American research foundation established in 2005
Population-based trends in the prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidy before and after non-invasive prenatal testing. Prenat Diagn. 38(13):1062-1068
The_Focus_Foundation
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Montevideo_units
Medical condition affecting scalp hair
for those in whom none of the four known mutations is identified. Prenatal testing for pregnancies at increased risk is possible if the disease-causing
Clouston's hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Clouston's_hidrotic_ectodermal_dysplasia
Ejection of the placenta from the uterus after childbirth
reproduction Unintended pregnancy Testing 3D ultrasound Obstetric ultrasonography Pregnancy test home testing Prenatal testing Medical imaging Types Cervical
Placental_expulsion
1987 revision of the Medical Code prohibiting physicians from using prenatal testing to reveal the sex of the child, the ratio of boys to girls at birth
Abortion_in_South_Korea
Rhetorical strategy and accusation
quality Oocyte selection Polygenic (risk) score (technical article) Prenatal testing Selective abortion Sex selection Sperm sorting "Nobelist sperm banks"
Playing_God_(ethics)
Screening test used in pregnancy
definitive testing, which may include a contraction stress test or a biophysical profile. Biophysical profile Cardiotocography Contraction stress test Neonatology :
Nonstress_test
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