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Basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes
A nucleosome is the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes. The structure of a nucleosome consists of a segment of DNA wound around eight
Nucleosome
Complex of DNA and protein in eukaryotic cells
At the most basic level, DNA wrapped around histone octamers forms nucleosomes connected by stretches of linker DNA, producing a structure sometimes
Chromatin
Nucleosome repeat length (NRL) is the average distance between the centers of neighboring nucleosomes. NRL is an important physical chromatin property
Nucleosome_repeat_length
Study of DNA modifications that do not change its sequence
involve positive feedback where modified nucleosomes recruit enzymes that similarly modify nearby nucleosomes. A simplified stochastic model for this type
Epigenetics
Nucleosome Remodeling Factor (NURF) is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) that catalyzes
Nucleosome_remodeling_factor
Second subphase of interphase
strand disrupts parental nucleosome octamers, resulting in the release of H3-H4 and H2A-H2B subunits. Reassembly of nucleosomes behind the replication fork
S_phase
Protein family which binds DNA wrapped around the core in a nucleosome
DNA exiting from the nucleosome core particle, while the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) form the octamer core of the nucleosome around which the DNA
Linker_histone_H1_variants
DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell
organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most important of
Chromosome
Protein family around which DNA winds to form nucleosomes
spools around which DNA winds to create structural units called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes in turn are wrapped into 30-nanometer fibers that form tightly
Histone
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NAP1L5 gene. This gene encodes a protein that shares sequence similarity
Nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 5
Nucleosome_assembly_protein_1_like_5
Gene for histone H3.3 protein
development. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
H3F3A
Subfamily of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes
subfamily provides crucial nucleosome rearrangement, which is seen as ejection and/or sliding. The movement of nucleosomes provides easier access to the
SWI/SNF
Biological processes used in gene regulation
residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone_acetylation_and_deacetylation
proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA
HIST4H4
8-protein complex forming the core of nucleosomes
histone octamer is the eight-protein complex found at the center of a nucleosome core particle. It consists of two copies of each of the four core histone
Histone_octamer
Nucleosome occupancy and methylome technique
Nucleosome Occupancy and Methylome Sequencing (NOMe-seq) is a genomics technique used to simultaneously detect nucleosome positioning and DNA methylation
NOMe-seq
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NAP1L3 gene. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the nucleosome
NAP1L3
Nucleosome Positioning Region Database (NPRD) is a database of nucleosome formation sites (NFSs).[when?] International Society for Computational Biology
Nucleosome positioning region database
Nucleosome_positioning_region_database
Nucleosome bound with histone H1
molecular biology, a chromatosome is a result of histone H1 binding to a nucleosome, which contains a histone octamer and DNA. The chromatosome contains 166
Chromatosome
Histone protein from the H2A family
histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, to form chromatin. H2AX contributes to nucleosome-formation, chromatin-remodeling and DNA repair, and is also used in vitro
H2AFX
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H4L
DNA which binds two nucleoside cores together
In molecular biology, linker DNA is double-stranded DNA between two nucleosome cores that, in association with histone H1, holds the cores together. Linker
Linker_DNA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H3H
Region of a genome which regulates expression of genes related to cell identity
In eviction of nucleosomes from enhancer DNA, a pioneer transcription factor first loosens up the attachment of DNA to the nucleosome of an enhancer region
Super-enhancer
Protein complex
In the field of molecular biology, the Mi-2/NuRD (Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase) complex, is a group of associated proteins with both ATP-dependent
Mi-2/NuRD_complex
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H4A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H2BK
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H2BL
immature pre-nucleosomes on nascent DNA. With the help of CHD complexes, histone octamers can mature into native nucleosomes. Following nucleosome formation
Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) subfamily
Chromodomain_helicase_DNA-binding_(CHD)_subfamily
Type of protein
relevant to nucleic acid. Typical nucleoproteins include ribosomes, nucleosomes and viral nucleocapsid (caspid + viral genome). Nucleoproteins tend to
Nucleoprotein
Components of chromatin in eukaryotic cells
make up the nucleosome "bead". Instead, it sits on top of the structure, keeping in place the DNA that has wrapped around the nucleosome. H1 is present
Histone_H1
Protein-coding gene in humans
proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA
HIST2H2AB
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H2AC
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA
HIST1H2AE
Protein-coding gene in humans
the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome, an
HIST2H4A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome, an
HIST1H3B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H4I
Interactions between nucleic acid modules
structure is used to refer to the binding of DNA to histones to form nucleosomes, and then their organisation into higher-order chromatin fibres. The
Nucleic acid quaternary structure
Nucleic_acid_quaternary_structure
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA
HIST1H2BB
Transformation of a stem cell to a more specialized cell
whether a nucleosome is covering a given genomic binding site or not. This can be determined using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. DNA-nucleosome interactions
Cellular_differentiation
One of the five main histone proteins
proteins that package DNA into nucleosomes. Histones are responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of a nucleosome. One chromatin molecule is composed
Histone_H2A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H3C
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H2AM
Secondary structure of chromatin
the structure of the 30 nm fibre. DNA in the nucleus is wrapped around nucleosomes, which are histone octamers formed of core histone proteins; two histone
Solenoid_(DNA)
DNA. Using physical features such as size distribution, end motifs, and nucleosome positioning, cfDNA fragments can be profiled to infer epigenetic and transcriptional
Fragmentomics
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H2AL
Human protein-coding gene
the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome, an
HIST2H3C
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome, an
HIST1H2AB
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H2AK
Israeli computational biologist
Segal and Jonathan Widom of Northwestern University published a model of nucleosome positioning along DNA in Nature. Segal also works as an epidemiologist
Eran_Segal
Ability of an organism to exert itself and remain active for a long period of time
acetylations removed from H3K27 in nucleosomes located at the enhancers that control those genes (see Figure "A nucleosome with histone tails set for transcriptional
Endurance
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H4B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H2BJ
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H3I
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA
HIST1H2BG
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H2BE
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H2AG
One of the five main histone proteins
N-terminal and C-terminal tails, H2B is involved with the structure of the nucleosomes. Histone H2B is a lightweight structural protein made of 126 amino acids
Histone_H2B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA
H2AFB3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H3E
Surgical removal of the clitoris
material/Genome Chromatin Euchromatin Heterochromatin Chromosome Chromatid Nucleosome Nuclear organization Types Autosome/Sex chromosome (or allosome or heterosome)
Clitoridectomy
wrapping of DNA around proteins called histones in order to form condensed nucleosomes. The double helix was discovered in 1953 by James Watson and Francis
Eukaryotic chromosome structure
Eukaryotic_chromosome_structure
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
complex, INO80, which plays a role in DNA and nucleosome-activated ATPase activity and ATP-dependent nucleosome sliding. Readthrough transcription of this
INO80_complex_subunit_B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NAP1L1 gene. This gene encodes a member of the nucleosome assembly protein
NAP1L1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
Histone_H2B_type_1-C
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H2AH
Process in mitosis and meiosis
m. These DNA molecules are initially wrapped around histones to form nucleosomes, which are further compacted into chromatin fibers, commonly referred
Chromosome_condensation
Protein-coding gene in humans
proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 base pairs
HIST3H2BB
Method used to analyse protein interactions with DNA
molecular biological technique that was first pioneered in 2006 to measure nucleosome occupancy in the C. elegans genome, and was subsequently applied to the
MNase-seq
American biochemist (born 1954)
biochemist and geneticist who studies the functional and regulatory role nucleosomes play in gene expression, specifically during early development. After
Robert_E._Kingston
Protein found in humans
variant which replaces one or both canonical H3 histones in a subset of nucleosomes within centromeric chromatin. CENPA has the greatest sequence divergence
Centromere_protein_A
assembly. This gene also belongs to the Mi-2/NuRD complex, also known as nucleosome remodeling deacetylase complex which plays a role in both ATP-dependent
Deficiency of RbAp48 protein and memory loss
Deficiency_of_RbAp48_protein_and_memory_loss
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H2BM
Molecular biology technique
accessibility as well as to map regions of transcription factor binding sites and nucleosome positions. The number of reads for a region correlate with how open that
ATAC-seq
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H2BO
Protein complex facilitating transcription
mononucleosomes and the histone H2A/H2B dimer, but not to the H3/H4 tetramer (see: Nucleosome core particle) or Pol II. Co-immunoprecipitation assays with tagged recombinant
FACT_(biology)
Biochemical test for age
been developed based on the histone code, chromatin accessibility and nucleosome positioning. The strong correlation between aging and DNA methylation
Epigenetic_clock
Proposed biochemical transcription of genetic information
is part of the epigenetic code. Histones associate with DNA to form nucleosomes, which themselves bundle to form chromatin fibers, which in turn make
Histone_code
Protein-coding gene in humans
the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. This structure consists of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a nucleosome, an
HIST2H3A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H4H
Protein complex
CAF-1 functions as a histone chaperone that mediates the first step in nucleosome formation by tetramerizing and depositing newly synthesized histone H3/H4
Chromatin_assembly_factor_1
Human protein-coding gene
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H3J
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H2BI
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
RE (Sep 2001). "Functional differences between the human ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling proteins BRG1 and SNF2H". The Journal of Biological Chemistry
SMARCA5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA
HIST1H2AA
Field of study
assemble into an octomer that DNA wraps around to create a unit called a nucleosome. The ability of a histone to be modified by being marked on its N-terminal
Epigenetics of physical exercise
Epigenetics_of_physical_exercise
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
factors, and helicases.[supplied by OMIM] SHPRH is a nucleosome-stimulated ATPase and a nucleosome-E3 ubiquitin ligase. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000146414
SHPRH
Phylum of microscopic animals
Ramazzottius varieornatus and H. exemplaris promote survival by binding to nucleosomes and protecting chromosomal DNA from hydroxyl radicals. The Dsup protein
Tardigrade
Structure formed by double-stranded molecules
advances such as X-ray crystallography of DNA duplexes and later the nucleosome core particle, and the discovery of topoisomerases. Also, the non-double-helical
Nucleic_acid_double_helix
Type of protein domain
proteins involved in nucleosome remodelling, an energy-dependent process that alters histone-DNA interactions within nucleosomes, thereby rendering nucleosomal
HAND_domain
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 base pairs(bp)
Histone_H2A.Z
Form of dynamic modification
chromatin remodeling complexes which either move, eject or restructure nucleosomes. Besides actively regulating gene expression, dynamic remodeling of chromatin
Chromatin_remodeling
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cellular component chromosome nucleosome extracellular exosome nucleus nucleoplasm cytosol Biological process nucleosome assembly Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
HIST2H2BF
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA
H1FX
ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling protein complex in yeast
allows for chromatin to be remodeled by altering the structure of the nucleosome. There are four subfamilies of chromatin remodelers: SWI/SNF, INO80, ISW1
Chromatin structure remodeling (RSC) complex
Chromatin_structure_remodeling_(RSC)_complex
Austrian-American biochemist and biophysicist
Austrian-American biochemist and biophysicist known for her work with nucleosomes and discovery of the three-dimensional structure of chromatin. She is
Karolin_Luger
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each
HIST1H2AI
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryote. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA
HIST1H2BD
Indian-American biochemist
tracts of stiff and flexible DNA, which allowed in silico prediction of nucleosome positions. These positions could be recapitulated in vitro using just
Yamini_Dalal
Protein-coding gene in humans
humans is encoded by the CHD4 gene. CHD4 is the core nucleosome-remodelling component of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex. The product
CHD4
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NUCLEOSOME
NUCLEOSOME
NUCLEOSOME
NUCLEOSOME
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