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Second subphase of interphase
S phase (Synthesis phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase. Since accurate duplication
S_phase
Events leading to cell division
distinct phases: G1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself
Cell_cycle
S-phase index (SPI), is a measure of cell growth and viability, especially the capacity of tumor cells to proliferate. It is defined as the number of
S_phase_index
First subphase of interphase
G1 phase ends when the cell moves into the S phase of interphase. Around 30 to 40 percent of cell cycle time is spent in the G1 phase. G1 phase together
G1_phase
Cell division into two identical cells
total number of chromosomes is maintained. Mitosis is preceded by the S phase of interphase (during which DNA replication occurs) and is followed by
Mitosis
2025–2027 group of superhero media
Phase Six of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is a group of American superhero films and television series produced by Marvel Studios based on characters
Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Six
Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_Phase_Six
Special forces unit policy and procedures
training is designed to prepare candidates for day one of First Phase. The first phase of BUD/S assesses SEAL candidates in physical conditioning, water competency
United States Navy SEAL selection and training
United_States_Navy_SEAL_selection_and_training
Theory of traffic flow
two distinct phases, synchronized flow and wide moving jam, bringing the total number of phases to three: Free flow (F) Synchronized flow (S) Wide moving
Three-phase_traffic_theory
2023–2025 group of superhero media
Phase Five of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is a group of American superhero films and television series produced by Marvel Studios based on characters
Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Five
Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_Phase_Five
Introduction: S-phase-promoting factor(SPF) is varying Cdk/cyclin complexes in eukaryotes that initiates the S-phase in the cell cycle. SPF is at its peak
S-phase-promoting_factor
Cell division producing haploid gametes
divisions are known as meiosis I and meiosis II. Before meiosis begins, during S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA of each chromosome is replicated so that it
Meiosis
Stage in cell cycle
The G1/S transition is a stage in the cell cycle at the boundary between the G1 phase, in which the cell grows, and the S phase, during which DNA is replicated
G1/S_transition
Biological process
G1/S-Cdks and/or S-Cdks and Cdc7 collaborate to directly activate the replication origins, leading to initiation of DNA synthesis. In early S phase, S-Cdk
DNA_replication
2008–2012 group of superhero films
Phase One of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is a group of American superhero films produced by Marvel Studios based on characters that appear in
Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase One
Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_Phase_One
2016–2019 group of superhero films
Phase Three of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is a group of American superhero films produced by Marvel Studios based on characters that appear in
Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Three
Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_Phase_Three
2021–22 group of superhero media
Phase Four of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is a group of American superhero films and television series produced by Marvel Studios based on characters
Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Four
Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_Phase_Four
Protein family
regulated in S phase. In late S phase, cyclin A can also associate with CDK1. Cyclin A remains associated with CDK1 from late S into late G2 phase when it
Cyclin_A
Third subphase of interphase
successful completion of S phase, during which the cell’s DNA is replicated. G2 phase ends with the onset of prophase, the first phase of mitosis in which
G2_phase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SKP1 gene. This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the SCF ubiquitin
S-phase kinase-associated protein 1
S-phase_kinase-associated_protein_1
G1 phase to S phase. Once in the S phase, Cln1 and Cln2 dissociates with Cdc28 and complexes between Cdc28 and Clb5 or Clb6 are formed. In G2 phase, complexes
Cyclin-dependent kinase complex
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_complex
Cell signaling pathway
from G1 to S phase is coordinated by the activity of Cyclin D-Cdk4/6, which increases during late G1 phase as cells prepare to enter S-phase in response
MAPK/ERK_pathway
2013–2015 group of superhero films
Phase Two of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is a group of American superhero films produced by Marvel Studios based on characters that appear in
Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Two
Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_Phase_Two
Biological process
containing 2 sister chromatids that developed during replication in the S phase of interphase) align themselves on the metaphase plate. Then, the sister
Cell_division
Quiescent stage of the cell cycle in which the cell does not divide
The G0 phase describes a cellular state outside of the replicative cell cycle. Classically[when?], cells were thought to enter G0 primarily due to environmental
G0_phase
Artificial stopping of the cell cycle
methionine, some cells arrest in early G1 phase. S phase follows G1 phase via the G1/S transition and precedes G2 phase in interphase and is the part of the
Induced_cell_cycle_arrest
Nuclear protein inhibiting DNA replication
DNA binding motifs. Geminin is absent during G1 phase and accumulates through S, G2 phase and M phases of the cell cycle. Geminin levels drop at the metaphase-anaphase
Geminin
Protein family
is also the target of various checkpoint pathways, such as the S-phase entry and S-phase arrest checkpoints. Both the loading and activation of MCM helicase
Minichromosome_maintenance
Physical process of transition between basic states of matter
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another
Phase_transition
Cell-free system
initiating early embryonic cell cycles that alternates S phase (DNA replication) and M phase (mitosis). Unfertilized eggs in a buffer containing the
Xenopus_egg_extract
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
transcription of the G1/S regulon, which includes the G1/S cyclins Cln1,2. G1/S cyclin-Cdk1 activity leads to preparation for S phase entry (e.g., duplication
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_1
required for entering S-phase. S-phase cyclin binding to Cdk1 directly stimulates DNA replication as well as progression to the next phase of the cell cycle
Clb_5,6_(Cdk1)
Form of alternating current
Three-phase electric power (abbreviated 3ϕ) is the most widely used form of alternating current (AC) for electricity generation, transmission, and distribution
Three-phase_electric_power
B-type cyclin-Cdk1 complexes are the drivers of S-phase initiation, Sic1 prevents premature S-phase entry. Multisite phosphorylation of Sic1 is thought
Sic1
Protein family around which DNA winds to form nucleosomes
G1 phase and S phase. NPAT activates histone gene expression only after it has been phosphorylated by the G1/S-Cdk cyclin E-Cdk2 in early S phase. This
Histone
Animal cell cycle checkpoint
restriction point (R), also known as the Start or G1/S checkpoint, is a cell cycle checkpoint in the G1 phase of the animal cell cycle at which the cell becomes
Restriction_point
Control mechanism in the eukaryotic cell cycle
G1, during which a cell is metabolically active and continuously grows; S phase, during which DNA replication takes place; G2, during which cell growth
Cell_cycle_checkpoint
inhibits S-phase CDKs. Thus, Sic1 protein degradation is necessary to enter S-phase. SCF (Cdc4) complex’s regulatory function concerning S-phase entry comprises
Cell division control protein 4
Cell_division_control_protein_4
American superhero media franchise
films in groups called "Phases", with the first three phases collectively known as "The Infinity Saga" and the following three phases as "The Multiverse Saga"
Marvel_Cinematic_Universe
Protein-coding gene in humans
Chk1 impacts various stages of the cell cycle including the S phase, G2/M transition and M phase. In addition to mediating cell cycle checkpoints, Chk1 also
CHEK1
Complex number representing a particular sine wave
engineering, a phasor (a portmanteau of phase vector) is a complex number representing a sinusoidal function whose amplitude A and initial phase θ are time-invariant
Phasor
Chart used to show conditions at which physical phases of a substance occur
A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature
Phase_diagram
Index measuring the progression of cancer
throughout the phases of the cell cycle. The expression of PCNA also correlates well with other proliferation markers such as mitotic count, S-phase fraction
Proliferative_index
DNA replication in eukaryotic organisms
initiated. In eukaryotes, the vast majority of DNA synthesis occurs during S phase of the cell cycle, and the entire genome must be unwound and duplicated
Eukaryotic_DNA_replication
Protein
regulator of cell cycle progression at G1 and S phase. The binding of p21 to CDK complexes occurs through p21's N-terminal domain, which is homologous to
P21
Protein-coding gene in humans
139259), a GTP-binding protein that plays an essential role at the G1- to S-phase transition of the cell cycle in yeast and human cells. GSPT1 is a positive
GSPT2
Clinical trial stages using human subjects
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process
Phases_of_clinical_research
Protein found in humans
binds G1 phase Cdk2, which is required for the transition from G1 to S phase while binding with Cyclin A is required to progress through the S phase. Its
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_2
Genus of single-celled organisms
population is in S phase with two copies of DNA. They go through closed mitosis. G2 to M phase is regulated by nutrient factors, while the S phase is controlled
Alexandrium_(dinoflagellate)
Camera manufacturer
Phase One A/S is a Danish company specializing in high-end digital photography equipment and software. It manufactures open platform based medium format
Phase_One_(company)
Group of proteins
functions or timing in different cell types. G1/S Cyclins rise in late G1 and fall in early S phase. The Cdk- G1/S cyclin complex begins to induce the initial
Cyclin
States of matter for water as a solid
rise to different phases of ice, which have varying properties and molecular geometries. Currently, twenty-two crystalline phases have been observed
Phases_of_ice
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SKP2 gene. Skp2 contains 424 residues in total with the ~40 amino acid
SKP2
Chemical compound
M.; Brown, J. R.; Xiong, H.; Chiu, Y.; Enschede, S.; Krivoshik, A. P. (2009-05-20). "Ongoing phase I studies of ABT-263: Mitigating Bcl-XL induced thrombocytopenia
Navitoclax
Increase of the total mass of a cell
cell cycle in which the genome is replicated during S-phase but there is no subsequent mitosis (M-phase) or cell division (cytokinesis). These large endoreplicating
Cell_growth
Chemical compound
heavily pretreated people with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. The phase III demonstrated the superiority of bortezomib over a high-dose dexamethasone
Bortezomib
Electrical engineering concept
instantaneous phase (also known as local phase or simply phase) of a complex-valued function s(t), is the real-valued function: φ ( t ) = arg { s ( t ) }
Instantaneous phase and frequency
Instantaneous_phase_and_frequency
Electronic control system
A phase-locked loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is fixed relative to the phase of an input signal. Keeping the
Phase-locked_loop
Chemical compound
Slamon DJ, Fasching PA, Hurvitz S, Chia S, Crown J, Martín M, et al. (May 2023). "Rationale and trial design of NATALEE: a Phase III trial of adjuvant ribociclib
Ribociclib
Undesirable occurrence in eukaryotic cells
the same time during S phase. Although they are all activated during S phase, heterochromatin tends to be replicated in late S phase, as they are more difficult
DNA_re-replication
Species of yeast
differentiation. For many cells, M phase does not happen until S phase is complete. However, for entry into mitosis in S. cerevisiae this is not true. Cytokinesis
Saccharomyces_cerevisiae
Chemical compound
R, Siegel DS, Jagannath S, Jakubowiak AJ, Stewart AK, McDonagh K, et al. (September 2012). "An open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study of single-agent carfilzomib
Carfilzomib
Medication
the time from start of CR to data cut-off date or relapse from CR. In a phase 3 study of azacitidine and venetoclax in untreated acute myeloid leukemia
Venetoclax
Protein complex
commonly found in the promoters of genes expressed during late S phase or G2/M phase. Docking can also be achieved via E2F proteins binding to sequences
DREAM_complex
Chemical compound
cytosine. CPT is selectively cytotoxic to the cells replicating DNA during S phase and its toxicity is primarily a result of conversion of single-strand breaks
Camptothecin
Chemical compound
being developed by Amgen. Phase I clinical trials were completed in 2020. In December 2019, it was approved to begin phase II clinical trials. Researchers
Sotorasib
Biological measurement technique
and in the G2 phase and M phase (after S) identifies the cell cycle phase position in the major phases (G0/G1 versus S versus G2/M phase) of the cell cycle
Cell_cycle_analysis
Football tournament qualification stage
The 2026–27 UEFA Champions League qualifying phase and play-off round began on 7 July and will end on 26 August 2026. A total of 52 teams are competing
2026–27 UEFA Champions League qualifying
2026–27_UEFA_Champions_League_qualifying
Anti-breast cancer medication
from the G1 (first gap) to the S (synthesis) phase. Blocking this pathway prevents cells from progressing to the S phase, thereby inducing apoptosis (cell
Abemaciclib
Chemotherapy medication
adequate doses. Observations of severe side effects in the above 40 phase II and phase III studies were also recorded.[citation needed] Many more side effects
Docetaxel
Chemical compound
Jager, RL; Eckhardt, SG; O'Reilly, EM (20 September 2006). "Randomized Phase III Study of Exatecan and Gemcitabine Compared with Gemcitabine Alone in
Exatecan
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMID 2511002. Lee JA, Park JE, Lee DH, Park SG, Myung PK, Park BC, Cho S (Feb 2008). "G1 to S phase transition protein 1 induces apoptosis signal-regulating kinase
GSPT1
Four-stage model of physiological responses to sexual stimulation
sexual response cycle model. The excitement phase (also known as the arousal phase or initial excitement phase) is the first stage of the human sexual response
Human_sexual_response_cycle
different phases. The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. During
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
Biochemical_switches_in_the_cell_cycle
Medication
the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. This agent also exhibits radiosensitizing activity by maintaining cells in the radiation-sensitive G1 phase and interfering
Hydroxycarbamide
Pharmaceutical drug
free survival and overall survival. It has given encouraging results in a phase II trial for myelodysplastic syndromes in combination with idarubicin and
Vorinostat
Chemical compound
for the treatment of advanced sarcoma. It is also being investigated in phase II trials for the non-cancer treatment of AL amyloidosis. "Prescription
Bendamustine
Chemical compound (cancer therapy drug)
chemotherapy. The EMA public assessment report, which utilized the same phase II trial data, made reference to both "high grade serous ovarian cancers"
Olaparib
Chemotherapy medication
inhibiting the assembly of microtubules. Vinblastine treatment causes M phase specific cell cycle arrest by disrupting microtubule assembly and proper
Vinblastine
before the end of G1 phase, cyclin E joins with Cdk2 to activate its serine-threonine kinase activity and thus promote entry into S phase. Eukaryotic cells
Cyclin_E/Cdk2
Topics referred to by the same term
Therapeutic Chemical Classification System S phase or synthesis phase, a period in the cell cycle during interphase Nikon S-mount, type of interchangeable lens
S_(disambiguation)
Pharmaceutical drug
improvement in progression-free survival, the primary end-point of the phase III randomized trial. Side-effects of oxaliplatin treatment can potentially
Oxaliplatin
Mammalian protein found in humans
DNA by preventing its progression from the G1 (first gap phase) to S (synthesis phase) phase of the cell division cycle. pRb binds and inhibits E2
Retinoblastoma_protein
American superhero media franchise films
called "Phases". The films from Phase One, Phase Two, and Phase Three are collectively known as "The Infinity Saga". The films from Phase Four, Phase Five
List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films
List_of_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe_films
Topics referred to by the same term
Deployment phase 5, a final deployment phase of a U.S. Marine Corps reconnaissance force Pandemic phase 5, the second highest level of a pandemic alert Phase 5
Phase_5
Chemical compound
DNA, which may result in delayed progression through S phase, cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and cell death. The most common side effects include
Lurbinectedin
Unspecialized biological cell that can become specialized
transitions between phases: Cyclin D and Cdk4/6 are active in the G1 phase, while Cyclin E and Cdk2 are active during the late G1 phase and S phase; and Cyclin
Stem_cell
Medication used for cancer
the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) had contracted Hauser Chemical Research of Boulder, Colorado, to handle bark on the scale needed for phase II and
Paclitaxel
Member of the cyclin family
the cyclin family. Cyclin E binds to G1 phase Cdk2, which is required for the transition from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle that determines initiation
Cyclin_E
Pharmaceutical drug
of 1.4 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. Development-path Phase II and Phase III clinical trials were subsequently sponsored by Eisai. Eribulin
Eribulin
Family of viruses
their DNA replication stage, called S-phase, so they must wait in the nucleus until the host cell enters S-phase on its own. This makes cell populations
Parvoviridae
Protein
biochemical activities of S-phase. These include the S-phase cyclins Clb5 and Clb6, which bind CDK to phosphorylate S-phase targets. However, Clb5,6-CDK
Cln3
Chemical compound
Overall response rate (complete plus partial) was 78.3% versus 71.5%. A phase 3 study demonstrated a significant improvement in progression-free survival
Ixazomib
Replication of the nuclear genome without mitosis
endoreduplication cells skip M phase completely by exiting the mitotic cell cycle in the G2 phase after completing the S phase several times, resulting in
Endoreduplication
Space of all possible states that a system can take
The phase space of a physical system is the set of all possible physical states of the system when described by a given parameterization. Each possible
Phase_space
Centrioles are nine triplets microtubules
preexisting centriole as the cell moves from the G1 phase to the S phase. During S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, the procentrioles elongate until they
Centrosome_cycle
Protein-coding gene in humans
complexes during S phase and following DNA damage in a PCNA-dependent manner. CRL4A complexes regulate entry into the DNA synthesis phase, or S phase, of the mitotic
CUL4A
Chemical compound
PMID 17968020. Aghajanian C, Burris HA, Jones S, Spriggs DR, Cohen MB, Peck R, et al. (March 2007). "Phase I study of the novel epothilone analog ixabepilone
Ixabepilone
Chemical compound
(t1/2) of 2.6 min in the first phase, a mean t1/2 of 1.3 h in the second phase, and a mean t1/2 of 77.3 h in the third phase. Cabazitaxel is metabolized
Cabazitaxel
Phase of a cycle
mechanics, the geometric phase (also known as the Pancharatnam–Berry phase, Pancharatnam phase, or Berry phase) is a phase difference acquired over the
Geometric_phase
Protein complex that allows microtubules to attach to chromosomes during cell division
each chromosome (while maintaining the same number of chromosomes) in S phase, two sister chromatids are held together by a centromere. Each chromatid
Kinetochore
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