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Biochemical test for age
An epigenetic clock is an analytical method used as a biomarker of aging to estimate "biological age." The method relies on age-related modifications to
Epigenetic_clock
German–American aging researcher, geneticist and biostatistician
development of the DNA methylation based age estimation method known as epigenetic clock was featured in Nature magazine. In 2011, Horvath co-authored the first
Steve_Horvath
Genetic disorder that causes early aging
children with progeria syndrome exhibit accelerated epigenetic aging effects according to the epigenetic clock for skin and blood samples. Progeria was first
Progeria
Branch of machine learning
An epigenetic clock is a biochemical test that can be used to measure age. Galkin et al. used deep neural networks to train an epigenetic aging clock of
Deep_learning
Use of DNA methylation patterns to predict phenotypes
generated epigenetic clocks for 51 different tissues and cell-types using 353 CpGs. Since 2013 there has been an explosion of new epigenetic clocks with newer
Epiphenotyping
Topics referred to by the same term
(the "body clock") Epigenetic clock, a set of DNA sites whose methylation levels can be used to measure aging throughout the body Molecular clock, a technique
Biological_clock
American adoptee with dwarfism (born 2003)
International adoption Age can be estimated from a DNA test by using the 'Epigenetic clock' as a measure of DNA methylation over time. James, Faye (January 3
Natalia_Grace
Type of biomarkers
big data analysis allowed for the new types of "aging clocks" to be developed. The epigenetic clock is a promising biomarker of aging and can accurately
Biomarkers_of_aging
Person who turned 110 years old
is protected from ageing, according to an epigenetic biomarker of tissue age known as the epigenetic clock—the reading is about 15 years younger than
Supercentenarian
Catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase
associated with faster epigenetic aging rates in blood according to a molecular biomarker of aging known as epigenetic clock. Similarly, human TERT expression
Telomerase reverse transcriptase
Telomerase_reverse_transcriptase
Deterioration of function with age
interest in epigenetic clocks as biomarkers of aging, based on their ability to predict human chronological age. Many epigenetic aging clocks are based
Senescence
Hypothesis that aging is caused by accumulated DNA damage
to create an epigenetic clock (see article Epigenetic clock). There may be some relationship between the epigenetic clock and epigenetic alterations accumulating
DNA_damage_theory_of_aging
Topics referred to by the same term
features Epigenetic clock Epigenesis (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Epigenetic. If an internal link
Epigenetic_(disambiguation)
Person who has turned 100 years old
years younger than expected) according to an epigenetic biomarker of tissue age known as epigenetic clock. These findings could explain why the cerebellum
Centenarian
First documented case of neotenic complex syndrome (1993–2013)
age-appropriate according to a biomarker of aging known as epigenetic clock. The mean epigenetic age of the five pure Syndrome X subjects was 6.7 years (standard
Brooke_Greenberg
Indigenous people of Bolivia
slower intrinsic epigenetic aging rate than that of other populations according to a biomarker of tissue age known as epigenetic clock. This finding might
Tsimané
Peptide hormone that stimulates growth
Fragment 176–191 AOD9604 Somatrem Somapacitan Acromegaly Somatopause Epigenetic clock Ranabir S, Reetu K (January 2011). "Stress and hormones". Indian Journal
Growth_hormone
Structure at the rear of the vertebrate brain, beneath the cerebrum
brain region (and body part) according to an epigenetic biomarker of tissue age known as an epigenetic clock: it is about 15 years younger than expected
Cerebellum
changes can lead to substantial decrease of the Horvath DNAmAge Epigenetic clock epigenetic aging biomarker in healthy adults and that such may therefore
Timeline_of_aging_research
Genetic disorder
hypothesis is sparse. According to a biomarker of tissue age known as epigenetic clock, it is hypothesized that trisomy 21 increases the age of blood and
Down_syndrome
Chemical compound which is a modified DNA base
estimate the epigenetic age. Hannum's clock utilizes adult blood samples to calculate age based on an orthogonal basis of 71 CpGs. Levine's clock, known as
5-Methylcytosine
Medical discipline focused on the practical reversal of the aging process
reprogramming to pluripotency. Such process included resetting of epigenetic clock, reduction of the inflammatory profile in chondrocytes and restoration
Rejuvenation
Overview article
Epigenetics in forensic science is the application of epigenetics to solving crimes. Forensic science has been using DNA as evidence since 1984, however
Epigenetics in forensic science
Epigenetics_in_forensic_science
Degradation of functioning of the brain
probably body part) in centenarians according to an epigenetic biomarker of tissue age known as epigenetic clock: it is about 15 years younger than expected in
Aging_brain
Biological process of getting older
of ageing Clinical geropsychology Death DNA damage theory of aging Epigenetic clock Evolution of ageing Genetics of ageing Gerontechnology Gerontology
Ageing
Genus of Old World monkeys
to psychosocial stress related to relocation and social isolation. Epigenetic clock based on CpG methylation in DNA - a complex biomarker of aging - was
Chlorocebus
Biological process
demethylation DNA methylation reprogramming Epigenetics, of which DNA methylation is a significant contributor Epigenetic clock, a method to calculate age based
DNA_methylation
Field of immunology research
infection with the help of a biomarker of aging, which is known as epigenetic clock. A long-term nonprogressor is a person who is infected with HIV, but
HIV/AIDS_research
Sub-field of gerontology
and accelerate aging. More recently epigenetics have been explored as a contributing factor. The epigenetic clock, which relatively objectively measures
Biogerontology
Heritable characteristics affecting sleep
Sleep epigenetics is the field of how epigenetics (heritable characteristics that do not involve changes in DNA sequence) affects sleep. Research in the
Sleep_epigenetics
Concept of extending human lifespan
and research into the development of aging biomarkers such as the epigenetic clock "to assess the ageing process and the efficacy of interventions to
Life_extension
Region of repetitive nucleotide sequences on chromosomes
smaller taxonomic groups these patterns appear diverse. Biology portal Epigenetic clock Centromere DNA damage theory of aging Immortality Maximum life span
Telomere
Science of drugs and medications and their effects
changes to the phenotype. Aging is well-known to be measurable through epigenetic clock. Drugs may induce persistent changes. When they cause drugs to lose
Pharmacology
Region of often-methylated DNA with a cytosine followed by a guanine
CpG sites, one can define a highly accurate biological clock (referred to as epigenetic clock or DNA methylation age) in humans and chimpanzees. Unmethylated
CpG_site
theory Disposable soma theory of aging DNA damage theory of aging Epigenetic clock theory of aging Error catastrophe theory of aging Errors and Repairs
Outline_of_life_extension
German epigenetics researcher (born 1969)
and epigenetics. His work on epigenetic drift and age-related epigenetic changes in mice and humans laid the foundation to the epigenetic clock theory
Axel_Schumacher
Natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle
entrained by the environment). Circadian rhythms are regulated by a circadian clock whose primary function is to rhythmically co-ordinate biological processes
Circadian_rhythm
prostate cancer and C-reactive protein (CRP) for heart disease. The epigenetic clock which measures the age of cells/tissues/organs based on DNA methylation
Biomarker_discovery
Epidemiological finding
other populations according to a biomarker of tissue age known as epigenetic clock. One of the most important aspects of this phenomenon is the comparison
Hispanic_paradox
Study of how diet changes gene expression
bioactive food components on epigenetic events. Some of the earliest studies done in the field of nutritional epigenetics were performed in rodent models
Nutritional_epigenetics
Chemical compound
the expression of the genes to which they are close. Assays (termed epigenetic clock tests) that determine the presence of methylations of cytosine in CpG
Α-Ketoglutaric_acid
American professor of medicine and bioengineering
are remodeled with age, leading to the first epigenetic clock and the rapidly expanding field of epigenetic aging. In 2013, Ideker, along with Kang Zhang
Trey_Ideker
Research of Down syndrome–related genes
hypothesis has been sparse. According to a biomarker of tissue age known as epigenetic clock, trisomy 21 significantly increases the age of blood and brain tissue
Down_syndrome_research
Field of study
Epigenomics is the study of the complete set of epigenetic modifications on the genetic material of a cell, known as the epigenome. The field is analogous
Epigenomics
Chemical compound
isolated from human urine in 1934 by Adolf Butenandt and Kurt Tscherning. Epigenetic clock Devillers J (27 April 2009). Endocrine Disruption Modeling. CRC Press
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Sub-field of nutritional genomics
food nutrients and bioactive compounds influence human health through epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding
Nutriepigenomics
Field of study
The epigenetics of plant growth and development refers to the heritable changes in gene expression that occur without alterations to the DNA sequence
Epigenetics of plant growth and development
Epigenetics_of_plant_growth_and_development
Phenotypically-different organism resulting from a mutation
considered to be carcinogens. Mutations are distinctly different from epigenetic alterations, although they share some common features. Both arise as a
Mutant
Human protein and coding gene
receptor response elements (ROREs) in its promoter. Variations in the epigenetics of the Clock gene may lead to an increased risk of breast cancer. It was found
CLOCK
Health effects of an older father at conception
chromosome breaks and rearrangements, which can occur in the resting cell epigenetic changes, i.e. methylation of the DNA, which can activate or silence certain
Paternal_age_effect
American scientist and author
Reh, Thomas A. (2019-03-06). "Synchrony and asynchrony between an epigenetic clock and developmental timing". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 3770. Bibcode:2019NatSR
Thomas_Reh
Human protein and coding gene
rhythms. Research has revealed that BMAL1 is the only clock gene without which the circadian clock fails to function in humans. BMAL1 has also been identified
Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like protein 1
Basic_helix-loop-helix_ARNT-like_protein_1
British medical researcher
tissue is a determinant of cancer risk, he then built the first epigenetic mitotic clock (epiTOC), showing how DNA methylation changes can be used to track
Andrew_Teschendorff
Australian academic
commentaries. Maleszka, R. (8 August 2025). "Is the concept of mammalian epigenetic clocks universal and applicable to invertebrates?" Frontiers in Genetics
Ryszard_Maleszka
Hungarian exercise physiologist and professor
biological resilience. His research group developed the DNAmFitAge clock, an epigenetic biomarker that utilizes DNA methylation patterns to measure biological
Zsolt_Radák
Italian biologist (1956–2020)
to regulate the activity of the CLOCK protein. In 2011, Sassone-Corsi founded and directed the “Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism” at the University
Paolo_Sassone-Corsi
DNA methylation profiles across 348 mammalian species for use in epigenetic clocks. They provide various new results relating to human aging and animal
2023_in_science
Biological cell regulation mechanisms
contribute to leaving an epigenetic scar on chromatin. Such epigenetic scars likely contribute to the persistent epigenetic changes found in addiction
Regulation_of_gene_expression
Transcriptional repressor protein
The CIART protein functions as a transcriptional repressor of the BMAL1-CLOCK complex. In addition to negatively regulating the circadian transcription-translation
CIART
discovered that epigenetic mechanisms drive genome-wide nonadditive expression of the genes in different regulatory pathways, including circadian clock genes that
Zengjian_J._Chen
Condition due to travel across time zones
east. Jet lag is caused by a misalignment between the internal circadian clock and the external environment, and it has been classified within the category
Jet_lag
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
domain 9aaTAD and is involved in the epigenetic maintenance of transcriptional memory. Its role as an epigenetic regulator of neuronal function is an
KMT2A
Ability of a plant to retain information
the storing and recalling, habituation, gene priming or epigenetics, and the biological clock. The ability to respond to environmental stimuli is a skill
Plant_memory
Species of amphibian
Horvath S (February 2024). "DNA methylation clocks for clawed frogs reveal evolutionary conservation of epigenetic aging". Geroscience. 46 (1): 945–960. doi:10
African_clawed_frog
Italian American epigeneticist and clinical endocrinologist
endocrinologist, best known for his academic contributions in the field of epigenetics, mitochondriomics, and computational epigenomics, with a research focus
Andrea_Baccarelli
Free-radical aging theory
1016/j.cell.2014.02.055. PMC 4454526. PMID 24813612. Brewer GJ (2010). "Epigenetic oxidative redox shift (EORS) theory of aging unifies the free radical
Free-radical_theory_of_aging
Possible future technology
breathing Male egg Nanochondrion Prime editing Respirocyte Synthetic epigenetics Universal flu vaccine Universal snakebite antidote Chitin-cellulose composite
List of hypothetical technologies
List_of_hypothetical_technologies
Drug mixture used mainly to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
mesocorticolimbic projection, which arise through transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. The most important transcription factors that produce these
Adderall
Change in the heritable traits of populations
the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA. These phenomena are classed as epigenetic inheritance systems. DNA methylation marking chromatin, self-sustaining
Evolution
Neurological condition involving the crossing of senses
genetic basis, as indicated by the monozygotic twins studies showing an epigenetic component.[medical citation needed] Synesthesia might also be an oligogenic
Synesthesia
Study of rhythms in biological processes of living organisms
organisms related to their biological rhythms. Other aspects include epigenetics, development, reproduction, ecology and evolution. Chronobiology studies
Chronobiology
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Glöckner SC, Guo M, Machida EO, Wang DH, Easwaran H, et al. (April 2008). "Epigenetic inactivation of the canonical Wnt antagonist SRY-box containing gene 17
SOX17
East Asian ethnic group
1557/mrs.2012.125. He C (November 2010). "Grand Challenge Commentary: RNA epigenetics?". Nat. Chem. Biol. 6 (12): 863–865. doi:10.1038/nchembio.482. PMID 21079590
Han_Chinese
Machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically
Neuromorphic engineering Cognitive robotics Companion robot Domestic robot Epigenetic robotics Evolutionary robotics Humanoid robot Autonomous robot Swarm robotics
Robot
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
some tumors showed signals belonging to multiple epigenetic signatures, suggesting that the epigenetic landscape is likely to contribute to intratumoral
N-Myc
Genetic mutation not inherited from a parent
while most epigenetic marks are reset during reproduction, some can escape this reprogramming and be inherited, suggesting that de novo epigenetic changes
De_novo_mutation
Central nervous system stimulant
mesocorticolimbic projection, which arise through transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. The most important transcription factors that produce these
Amphetamine
CNS stimulant and isomer of amphetamine
mesocorticolimbic projection, which arise through transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. The most important transcription factors that produce these
Dextroamphetamine
Tropane alkaloid and stimulant drug
modifications may result in lasting epigenetic "scars", which are believed to contribute to the persistent epigenetic changes observed in cocaine addiction
Cocaine
Protein
mesocorticolimbic projection, which arise through transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. The most important transcription factors that produce these
FOSB
Term for sexual and gender minorities
58–61. ISBN 9780807079553. "Answering questions on the label 'queer'". The Clock. Plymouth State University. 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2025. Braidwood,
Queer
Organ central to the nervous system
ISBN 978-0-397-51820-3. Mehler, MF; Purpura, DP (2009). "Autism, fever, epigenetics and the locus coeruleus". Brain Research Reviews. 59 (2): 388–392. doi:10
Brain
Inherited retrovirus encoded in an organism's genome
tolerance to HERV-derived proteins and peptides is imperfect due to the epigenetic silencing of HERV in the thymus and bone marrow, which prevents deletion
Endogenous_retrovirus
Public misconceptions about genetic science
phenotypic variability does not stem from genes themselves. For example: Epigenetic inheritance. In the widest definition this includes all biological inheritance
Common misunderstandings of genetics
Common_misunderstandings_of_genetics
American LGBTQ support service
HBO's license fee. As a result, it became the first nationwide, around-the-clock crisis and suicide prevention helpline for LGBTQ youth. The project also
The_Trevor_Project
American neurologist
HY (20 January 2013). "Aging, Rejuvenation, and Epigenetic Reprogramming: Resetting the Aging Clock". Cell. 148: 46–57. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.003
Thomas_A._Rando
Types of irreversible biochemical changes
Chang, H.Y. (2012-01-20). "Aging, Rejuvenation, and Epigenetic Reprogramming: Resetting the Aging Clock". Cell. 148 (1–2): 46–57. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012
Hallmarks_of_aging
Medical condition
Alzheimer's disease-related mutations were PS19 and 5XFAD. Sleep apnea Sleep epigenetics Fatal familial insomnia Hypersomnia Sleep paralysis Sleep walking Parasomnia
Familial_natural_short_sleep
Differences in the mental functions and behaviors of the sexes
influence the development of sex differences, including genetics and epigenetics; differences in brain structure and function; hormones, and socialization
Sex_differences_in_psychology
Disorder causing trouble with sleeping
Biber K, Riemann D (June 2014). "The genetics of insomnia – evidence for epigenetic mechanisms?". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 18 (3): 225–35. doi:10.1016/j.smrv
Insomnia
Process which formed the domestic dog
expression that are associated with domestication syndrome may be linked to epigenetic modifications. A recent study that compared the methylation patterns of
Domestication_of_the_dog
Study of how organisms develop and grow
undergo extensive epigenetic reprogramming. This process involves genome-wide DNA demethylation, chromatin reorganization and epigenetic imprint erasure
Developmental_biology
Enzymes that catalyze acyl group transfer from acetyl-CoA to histones
histone acetyltransferases to manipulate chromatin structure and lay an epigenetic framework makes them essential in cell maintenance and survival. The process
Histone_acetyltransferase
Various systems to schedule meals
Interplay Amongst Nutrition, Metabolism and the Circadian Clock, in the Context of Epigenetic Reprogramming". Farmacia. 67 (4): 557–571. doi:10.31925/farmacia
Intermittent_fasting
Responses of organisms to the relative lengths of light and dark periods
responses. Chronobiology Circadian clock Circadian rhythm Florigen Photobiology Seasonal Breeder Scotobiology Epigenetics of plant growth and development
Photoperiodism
differentiation, with epigenetic patterns "reset" when organisms reproduce, there have been some observations of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. This
History of evolutionary thought
History_of_evolutionary_thought
Attraction between people of the same sex or gender
brothers he has. A hypothesis developed by Rice et al. proposes that epigenetic "epi‐marks" (non–DNA sequence modifications like DNA methylation) play
Homosexuality
Antidepressant pharmacology hypotheses
alternative hypotheses have been proposed, including the glutamate, neurogenic, epigenetic, cortisol hypersecretion and inflammatory hypotheses. Another hypothesis
Pharmacology of antidepressants
Pharmacology_of_antidepressants
Type of autoimmune arthritis
environmental factors in the majority of cases. There are established epigenetic and environmental risk factors for RA. Smoking is an established risk
Rheumatoid_arthritis
Protein that initiates male sex determination in therian mammals
c-Myc l-Myc n-Myc MXD4 TCF4 Group C bHLH-PAS AhR AHRR ARNT ARNTL ARNTL2 CLOCK HIF 1A EPAS1 3A NPAS 1 2 3 PER 1 2 3 Period SIM 1 2 Group D DEC 1 2 BHLHA9
Sex-determining region Y protein
Sex-determining_region_Y_protein
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