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Class of compounds in the nervous system
Monoaminergic activity enhancers (MAE), also known as catecholaminergic/serotonergic activity enhancers (CAE/SAE), are a class of drugs that enhance the
Monoaminergic activity enhancer
Monoaminergic_activity_enhancer
Monoaminergic activity enhancer antagonist
monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE) effects of the tryptamine-related BPAP. Conversely, 3-F-BPAP does not antagonize the catecholaminergic activity
3-F-BPAP
Pharmaceutical compound
N-propyl-1,3-benzodioxolylpentanamine (PDBP), or propyl-K, is a monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE) of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and α-propylphenethylamine
Methylenedioxyphenylpropylaminopentane
Methylenedioxyphenylpropylaminopentane
Synthetic monoaminergic activity enhancer drug
(IPAP), also known as α,N-dipropyltryptamine (α,N-DPT), is a monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE) that is closely related to benzofuranylpropylaminopentane
Indolylpropylaminopentane
Trace amine
shows enhanced locomotor stimulation, a psychostimulant-like effect, in TAAR1 knockout mice. Phenethylamine is a monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE)
Phenethylamine
Chemical compound
selegiline which acts as a monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE). It is orally active in animals. BPAP is a highly potent MAE and enhances the nerve impulse
Benzofuranylpropylaminopentane
Benzofuranylpropylaminopentane
Trace amine
monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE) of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in addition to its serotonin receptor agonism. That is, it enhances the
Tryptamine
Pharmaceutical compound
also known as 2-naphthyl-α,N-dipropylphenethylamine, is a monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE) of the α-propylphenethylamine and naphthylaminopropane
Naphthylpropylaminopentane
Central nervous system stimulant
depression. Amphetamine is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. It is
Amphetamine
Stimulant drug of the substituted phenethylamine class
major paper in 1992. It led to the development of the improved monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE) benzofuranylpropylaminopentane (BPAP) in 1999. PPAP was
Phenylpropylaminopentane
Pharmaceutical drug
selegiline. Similarly to selegiline, deprenyl is a catecholaminergic activity enhancer (CAE). Both enantiomers of deprenyl, D-deprenyl and selegiline, are
Deprenyl
Chemical compound
no amphetamine-like metabolites, monoamine-releasing activity, or monoaminergic activity enhancer actions, which may result in clinical differences between
Rasagiline
Trace amine
phenethylamine, is a monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE) of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in addition to its catecholamine-releasing activity. That is
Tyramine
Pharmacology of the antiparkinsonian and antidepressant selegiline
norepinephrine, and dopamine. Selegiline is also a catecholaminergic activity enhancer (CAE) and enhances the action potential-evoked release of norepinephrine and
Pharmacology_of_selegiline
Chemical compound
effects of monoaminergic activity enhancers (MAEs) like selegiline and benzofuranylpropylaminopentane (BPAP) in vitro, for instance enhancement of exocytotic
EPPTB
Medication
brain as well. In addition to its MAOI activity, selegiline is a catecholaminergic activity enhancer (CAE) and enhances the impulse-mediated release of norepinephrine
Selegiline
Behavioral measure in animals
likewise stimulate locomotor activity in rodents. The trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) regulates the monoaminergic system and is a biological target
Locomotor_activity
CNS stimulant and isomer of amphetamine
(TAAR1), a GPCR, discovered in 2001, that is important for regulation of monoaminergic systems in the brain. Activation of TAAR1 increases cAMP production
Dextroamphetamine
Chemical compound
selective and irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B and monoaminergic activity enhancer. A radiolabelled derivative incorporating 18F is used to study
4-Fluoroselegiline
Class of compounds
(MRIs) and monoaminergic activity enhancers (MAEs), which similarly increase synaptic monoamine neurotransmitter levels and enhance monoaminergic signaling
Monoamine_releasing_agent
Pharmaceutical compound
v t e Monoaminergic activity enhancers Endogenous Phenylethylamine (PEA) Tryptamine Tyramine Synthetic 4-Fluorodeprenyl 4-Fluoroselegiline Amphetamine
4-Fluorodeprenyl
CNS stimulant and isomer of amphetamine
as a catecholaminergic activity enhancer (CAE), notably at much lower concentrations than its catecholamine releasing activity. It is similarly potent
Levoamphetamine
Central nervous system stimulant
"TAAR1 activation modulates monoaminergic neurotransmission, preventing hyperdopaminergic and hypoglutamatergic activity". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S
Methamphetamine
Hungarian psychopharmacologist who developed selegiline
decades. Knoll also developed the concepts of monoaminergic activity enhancers (MAEs) and the mesencephalic enhancer regulation system, among other contributions
József_Knoll
Class of chemical compounds
receptor modulators. Naphthylpropylaminopentane (NPAP) is a monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE). Some, such as 2-naphthylaminopropane and to a lesser
Substituted naphthylethylamine
Substituted_naphthylethylamine
Protein found in humans
might serve to enhance their effects and misuse potential as MRAs compared to their amphetamine counterparts. Monoaminergic activity enhancers (MAEs), such
TAAR1
Chemical compound
40 pM). Unlike selegiline, clorgiline does not appear to be a monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE). Clorgiline is also a multidrug efflux pump inhibitor
Clorgiline
Medication used to treat dyskinesia
increase dopamine levels in the striatum. It does not act as a monoaminergic activity enhancer. Amantadine is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, for example of
Amantadine
Chemical compound
monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). In addition, it is a catecholaminergic activity enhancer (CAE) similarly to selegiline. The drug also produces levoamphetamine
Desmethylselegiline
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
unlike selegiline and desmethylselegiline, SU-11739 is not a monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE). The drug is the racemic N-methylated analogue of rasagiline
SU-11739
Serotonergic neurotoxin
5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) is a monoaminergic neurotoxin and tryptamine derivative related to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine
Amino acid metabolites
of trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonists – and hence, monoaminergic neuromodulators – that are structurally and metabolically related to
Trace_amine
Branch of biology concerning depressive disorders in humans
are innervated by a monoaminergic nucleus, and tentative evidence suggests a potential role for abnormal monoaminergic activity. Historically, candidate
Biology_of_depression
Type of receptor located in the membranes of nerve cells
Protein Receptor GPCR, to regulate monoaminergic systems in the brain. Active TAAR1 opposes the autoreceptor's activity by inactivating the dopamine transporter
Autoreceptor
Central nervous system stimulant prodrug
amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), a G-protein coupled receptor that regulates monoaminergic systems in the brain; activation of TAAR1 may restore impaired dopaminergic
Lisdexamfetamine
Central nervous system stimulant
performance. Methylphenidate's efficacy as an athletic performance enhancer, cognitive enhancer, aphrodisiac, and euphoriant is supported by research. However
Methylphenidate
Chemical compound
possible mechanism leading to an adaptive increase in superoxide dismutase activity". Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. 49 (1–2): 127–136. doi:10
D-Deprenyl
Drug that increases alertness
are used for various purposes, such as enhancing attention, motivation, cognition, mood, and physical activity. Some stimulants occur in nature while
Stimulant
Substance related to dopamine functions
stimulation. The effects of the activity enhancers may be mediated by intracellular TAAR1 agonism coupled with uptake into monoaminergic neurons by monoamine transporters
Dopaminergic
Medication used to treat anxiety disorders
an aryl-piperazine anxiolytic drug, on aggressive behavior and brain monoaminergic neurotransmission". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.
Buspirone
Pharmaceutical compound
code name V-111), also known as 4-bromomethamphetamine (4-BMA), is a monoaminergic drug of the amphetamine family related to para-chloroamphetamine (PCA;
Para-Bromomethamphetamine
Chemical substance that alters brain function
(2008). "Evidences for the involvement of monoaminergic and GABAergic systems in antidepressant-like activity of garlic extract in mice". Indian Journal
Psychoactive_drug
Drug mixture used mainly to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
(ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is also used as an athletic performance enhancer, cognitive enhancer, appetite suppressant, and recreationally as a euphoriant. Such
Adderall
Dopamine agonist medication
"Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. II. Agonist and antagonist properties at subtypes of dopamine
Pramipexole
Drugs that lower neurotransmission levels, reducing brain activity
include facilitation of GABA and inhibition of glutamatergic or monoaminergic activity. Other examples are chemicals that modify the electrical signaling
Depressant
Entactogen drug
discrimination tests. Further, also in common with MDMA, methylone acts on monoaminergic systems. In vitro, methylone has one third the potency of MDMA at inhibiting
Methylone
Chemical compound
cluster=617408379890668058 Boyle N, Betts S, Lu H (6 September 2024). "Monoaminergic Modulation of Learning and Cognitive Function in the Prefrontal Cortex"
Phenylpiracetam
Chemical compound
PMID 334231. Kitanaka J, Kitanaka N, Takemura M (2006). "Modification of Monoaminergic Activity by MAO Inhibitors Influences Methamphetamine Actions". Drug Target
Pheniprazine
Group of stereoisomers
the currently investigated compounds. Activity at TAAR1 may have auto-inhibitory effects on the monoaminergic action of amphetamine-type substances (Di
4-Methylaminorex
Drug used to treat high blood pressure
and motor activity". Biol Psychiat. 2: 75–81. Govindarajulu M (2021). "Reserpine-Induced Depression and Other Neurotoxicity: A Monoaminergic Hypothesis
Reserpine
Class of antidepressant medication
receptors include presynaptic autoreceptors which limit the neurophysiological activity of noradrenergic neurons in the central nervous system. Formation of norepinephrine
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Serotonin–norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitor
SNRI medication
release enhances and further facilitates the activation of post-synaptic α-adrenoceptors by noradrenaline, which can stimulate sweat gland activity, leading
Duloxetine
Antihistamine used to treat allergies
S2CID 21236268. Carlsson A, Lindqvist M (July 1969). "Central and peripheral monoaminergic membrane-pump blockade by some addictive analgesics and antihistamines"
Chlorphenamine
Chemical compound
amphetamine derivatives. II. Behavioural effects in mice related to monoaminergic neurones". Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 41 (4): 353–368. doi:10
Para-Chloroamphetamine
Compound that activates dopamine receptors
hypersexuality and gambling. Dopamine antagonist Dopamine reuptake inhibitor Monoaminergic Dopaminergic Serotonergic Adrenergic Antonini, Angelo; Poewe, Werner
Dopamine_agonist
Thiamine analogue
mainly acts on peripheral tissues through an increase in transketolase activity. Benfotiamine is a lipid derivative of thiamine, specifically a synthetic
Benfotiamine
Brain region
ventral tegmental area (VTA). ... Orexin neurons project to and activate monoaminergic and cholinergic neurons involved in the maintenance of a long "awake"
Lateral_hypothalamus
Medication used to treat premature ejaculation
McKenna KE, Chester A, Lovenberg T, Bonaventure P, Gupta SK (2005). "Monoaminergic transporter binding and inhibition profile of dapoxetine, a medication
Dapoxetine
Stimulant and entactogen drug of the amphetamine class
4-methyl and β-keto substitutions on amphetamines may result in loss of activity at the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), loss of elevations of
4-Methylmethamphetamine
Pharmaceutical compound
notably observed in vivo in rodents. In addition to its actions at monoaminergic targets, Lu 35-138 is a hERG blocker, with an IC50 of 270 nM. For comparison
Lu_35-138
Cognitive system for temporarily holding information
(2009). "The neuropsychopharmacology of fronto-executive function: monoaminergic modulation". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 32: 267–287. doi:10.1146/annurev
Working_memory
Inactive metabolite of the neurotransmitter serotonin
can dramatically increase 5-HTOL formation by inhibiting ALDH and enhancing ADH activity. As a result, the ratio of 5-HTOL to 5-HIAA is a sensitive and reliable
5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde
Chemical compound
PMID 20686906. S2CID 21595062. López-Muñoz F, Alamo C (2009-05-01). "Monoaminergic neurotransmission: the history of the discovery of antidepressants from
Substituted_β-carboline
Pharmaceutical compound
5-trimethoxyamphetamine) is very similar in chemical structure to the monoaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (2,4,5-trihydroxyphenethylamine). A variety
2,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine
Chemical compound
thereby constrain the monoaminergic effects of these agents. Lack of TAAR1 agonism in the case of aminorex analogues might enhance their effects relative
Aminorex
Class of pharmaceutical compounds
"TAAR1 activation modulates monoaminergic neurotransmission, preventing hyperdopaminergic and hypoglutamatergic activity". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S
Excitatory amino acid reuptake inhibitor
Excitatory_amino_acid_reuptake_inhibitor
Designer drug combination mimicking MDMA
the effects of MDMA. The Borax combo is a mixture of three distinct monoaminergic drugs with different mechanisms of action and employed at specific fixed
Borax_combo
Physiological nature of sleep
more effectively inhibited. This, along with the virtual silence of monoaminergic neurons in the brain, may be said to characterize REM. A newborn baby
Neuroscience_of_sleep
Drug class
with intracellular receptors in presynaptic neurons further modulating monoaminergic neurotransmission. For instance, methamphetamine acts as an agonist
Norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent
Norepinephrine–dopamine_releasing_agent
Entactogen, stimulant, and psychedelic drug of the amphetamine family
ring-substituted stimulants MDMA, methylone and MDPV differentially affect human monoaminergic systems". J Psychopharmacol. 33 (7): 831–841. doi:10.1177/0269881119844185
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine
Psychoactive drug, often called ecstasy
serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI). MDMA enters monoaminergic neurons via the MATs and then, via poorly understood mechanisms, reverses
MDMA
Excessive dilation of the pupil
signalling. Drugs that can cause mydriasis include: Stimulants (typically monoaminergics) such as amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA, and mephedrone. Anticholinergics
Mydriasis
Part of the brain responsible for personality, decision-making, and social behavior
(2009). "The neuropsychopharmacology of fronto-executive function: monoaminergic modulation". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 32: 267–287. doi:10.1146/annurev
Prefrontal_cortex
Chemical substance that enables neurotransmission
Eiden LE, Weihe E (January 2011). "VMAT2: a dynamic regulator of brain monoaminergic neuronal function interacting with drugs of abuse". Annals of the New
Neurotransmitter
Class of enzymes
neurons. Neurons that express AADC but are not considered classical monoaminergic cell neurons are termed D cells. Cells that are immunoreactive for AADC
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase
Aromatic_L-amino_acid_decarboxylase
Synthetic opioid pain medication
pramipexole) or gabapentinoids, often due to augmentation. Tramadol, due to its activity as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is effective in the treatment of premature
Tramadol
Psychedelic tryptamine
designer drug in 1999. It is used recreationally as a "party drug" and sexual enhancer, with notable use among gay men and transgender women as part of "chemsex"
5-MeO-DiPT
Class of drugs
biloba extract (EGb761®) influences monoaminergic neurotransmission via inhibition of NE uptake, but not MAO activity after chronic treatment". Pharmacological
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine_reuptake_inhibitor
Proteins that function as integral plasma-membrane transporters
Eiden LE, Weihe E (January 2011). "VMAT2: a dynamic regulator of brain monoaminergic neuronal function interacting with drugs of abuse". Ann. N. Y. Acad
Monoamine_transporter
Pharmaceutical compound
serotonin and norepinephrine release. It did not show the long-lasting monoaminergic neurotoxicity of certain related compounds like 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
7-Hydroxytryptamine
Antidepressant
antidepressant around the same time, imipramine resulted in the establishment of monoaminergic drugs as antidepressants. In the late 1950s, imipramine was the first
Imipramine
Organic chemical that functions both as a hormone and a neurotransmitter
daylight hours, becoming silent at night. This retinal dopamine acts to enhance the activity of cone cells in the retina while suppressing rod cells—the result
Dopamine
Species of plant
"Differential Actions of Antiparkinson Agents at Multiple Classes of Monoaminergic Receptor. I. A Multivariate Analysis of the Binding Profiles of 14 Drugs
Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea
Nymphaea_nouchali_var._caerulea
Small bilateral neuronal structure in the brain of vertebrates
through the interplay among the lateral habenula, the basal ganglia, and monoaminergic (dopaminergic and serotonergic) systems" and that the lateral habenula
Habenula
Hypothesis that decreased glutamatergic signalling is involved in schizophrenia
agents is causative or actually mimetic of patterns resultant from monoaminergic disruption. AMPA receptor, the most widely distributed receptor in the
Glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia
Glutamate_hypothesis_of_schizophrenia
Techniques and therapies to manage stress
"Chronic stress effects on memory: sex differences in performance and monoaminergic activity". Hormones and Behavior. 43 (1): 48–59. doi:10.1016/S0018-506X(02)00022-3
Stress_management
Chemical compound
for MDMA in drug discrimination tests in rodents. It increases locomotor activity similarly to but less robustly than MDMA. Likewise, MBDB increases conditioned
MBDB
Anticonvulsant medication
licarbazepine in electroshock test on mice and rats. Most of the antiepileptic activity can be attributed to licarbazepine. Aside from its reduction in side effects
Oxcarbazepine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
effects of selegiline in animals are due to its catecholaminergic activity enhancer actions rather than MAO-B inhibition. While people lacking the gene
Monoamine_oxidase_B
Antidepressant
whereas northiaden has potent activity similarly to dosulepin, the two sulfoxide metabolites have dramatically reduced activity. They have been described
Dosulepin
Study of neural mechanisms by which drugs influence behavior
Psychopharmacology Psychoactive drug López-Muñoz, F.; Alamo, C. (2009). "Monoaminergic neurotransmission: the history of the discovery of antidepressants from
Neuropsychopharmacology
Post-translational modification
Monoaminylation has been reported in various cell types and tissues, including monoaminergic neurons, mammary epithelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, cancer-associated
Monoaminylation
Weight loss medication
MDMA and amphetamine have been shown to produce enhanced DA and 5-HT release and locomotor activity in TA1 receptor knockout mice compared with wild-type
Phentermine
counteracts the psychomotor stimulation ensuing manipulations with monoaminergic, glutamatergic or muscarinic neurotransmission in the mouse--implications
List of miscellaneous 5-HT2A receptor agonists
List_of_miscellaneous_5-HT2A_receptor_agonists
Tricyclic antidepressant
physiologically in terminating transmitting activity, this action may potentiate or prolong the activity of serotonergic and adrenergic neurons and is
Amitriptyline
Pharmaceutical compound
and MDMA, auto-inhibits their monoaminergic effects. Conversely, most cathinones lack TAAR1 agonism, and this might enhance their effects compared to amphetamines
RO5203648
Structure in the basal ganglia of the brain
Eiden LE, Weihe E (January 2011). "VMAT2: a dynamic regulator of brain monoaminergic neuronal function interacting with drugs of abuse". Annals of the New
Substantia_nigra
Mood disorder
from the effectiveness of monoaminergic drugs in treating depression, the monoamine theory posits that insufficient activity of monoamine neurotransmitters
Major_depressive_disorder
Psychedelic drug
(5F-AMT) or by its developmental code names PAL-212 and PAL-544, is a monoaminergic drug of the tryptamine and α-alkyltryptamine families related to α-methyltryptamine
5-Fluoro-AMT
Eiden LE, Weihe E (January 2011). "VMAT2: a dynamic regulator of brain monoaminergic neuronal function interacting with drugs of abuse". Ann. N. Y. Acad
Reverse_transport
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