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Microbial biodegradation is the use of bioremediation and biotransformation methods to harness the naturally occurring ability of microbial xenobiotic
Microbial_biodegradation
Decomposition by living organisms
Biodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. In contrast to biodegradation, phytodegradation, which
Biodegradation
Study of microscopic organisms (microbes)
approach to microbial biodegradation is to use a mixture of bacterial and fungal species and strains, each specific to the biodegradation of one or more
Microbiology
Film of microorganisms on a surface
PN (2008). "Genomic Insights into Oil Biodegradation in Marine Systems". In Díaz E (ed.). Microbial Biodegradation: Genomics and Molecular Biology. Horizon
Biofilm
Plastic debris suspended in water and organisms which live in it
Analysis of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reaction Patterns and Prediction of Microbial Biodegradation Pathways". ChemInform. 38 (42). doi:10.1002/chin.200742215. ISSN 0931-7597
Plastisphere
Microbial community assemblage and activity
defined more precisely in 1988 by Whipps et al. as "a characteristic microbial community occupying a reasonably well-defined habitat which has distinct
Microbiome
Use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products
Irish Times. Retrieved September 20, 2011 Diaz E, ed. (2008). Microbial Biodegradation: Genomics and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-17-2
Biotechnology
Microscopic living organism
single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from antiquity, with an early attestation in Jain literature
Microorganism
Any life form too small for the naked human eye to see that lives in a marine environment
Microbes Marine microbial symbiosis Microbial biogeography Microbial communities Microbial ecology Microbial food web Microbial loop Microbial oxidation of
Marine_microorganisms
Set of chemical reactions in organisms
important in microbial biodegradation of pollutants and the bioremediation of contaminated land and oil spills. Many of these microbial reactions are
Metabolism
Genus of anaerobic bacteria found in soil
and for the precipitation of reduced uranium out of groundwater. Microbial biodegradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants is of great environmental significance
Geobacter
Species of bacteria
petroleum oil entering the sea is eliminated by the microbial biodegradation activities of microbial communities. As a recently discovered hydrocarbonoclastic
Alcanivorax_borkumensis
Process used to treat contaminated media such as water and soil
microorganisms. In some cases, specialized microbial cultures are added (bioaugmentation) to further enhance biodegradation. Approaches for oxygen addition below
Bioremediation
Temperature is crucial because it influences microbial physiology and diversity; the rate of biodegradation generally decreases as the temperature decreases
Hydrocarbonoclastic_bacteria
Groups of bacteria living symbiotically
remarkably altered and the efficiency of diesel biodegradation was increased by reducing the biodiversity of a microbial community from diesel-contaminated soils
Microbial_consortium
Biochemical modification of drugs or foreign compounds by living organisms
vivo activity from in vitro systems remains challenging. Biodegradation Microbial biodegradation Doogue MP, Polasek TM (February 2013). "The ABCD of clinical
Drug_metabolism
Plastic scientists have studied microbial biodegradation of polymers and have used this information to increase biodegradation of plastic made with their plastic
BioSphere_Plastic
Undersea unicellular organisms
The hydrothermal vent microbial community includes all unicellular organisms that live and reproduce in a chemically distinct area around hydrothermal
Hydrothermal vent microbial communities
Hydrothermal_vent_microbial_communities
Hydrocarbon composed of multiple aromatic rings
pre-and post-depositional processes such as volatilization and microbial biodegradation. Managed burning of moorland vegetation in the UK has been shown
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon
Product of the composting process using various species of worms
Maryam; Younesi, Habibollah; Abedini-Torghabeh, Javad (2014). "Microbial biodegradation of waste materials for nutrients enrichment and heavy metals removal:
Vermicompost
Metabolism of xenobiotics
(SPORCalc)". Archived from the original on 2009-03-18. Microbial biodegradation "Microbial Biodegradation, Bioremediation and Biotransformation". Archived from
Xenobiotic_metabolism
Variety and variability of life forms
environment—a case study on north-eastern coast of Bay of Bengal, India". Microbial Biodegradation and Bioremediation. pp. 81–107. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-85455-9
Biodiversity
Polymers that break down by bacterial decomposition
environment and being metabolized. Microbial degradation is sometimes considered as a 3-step process. Ultimately the biodegradation affords H2O and CO2. Biodegradability
Biodegradable_polymer
Ability of bacteria to break down plastic polymers
representative of the microbial population capable of plastic degradation. Additionally, reaction times of plastic biodegradation metabolisms are poorly
Plastic degradation by marine bacteria
Plastic_degradation_by_marine_bacteria
Microbial symbiosis in marine animals was not discovered until 1981. In the time following, symbiotic relationships between marine invertebrates and chemoautotrophic
Marine_microbial_symbiosis
Community of microorganisms
animals, from simple life forms to humans, live in close association with microbial organisms. Several advances have driven the perception of microbiomes
Microbiota
Chemical compound
acid and 1-butanol. Monobutyl phthalate (MBP) is its major metabolite. Biodegradation by microorganisms represents one route for remediation of DBP. For example
Dibutyl_phthalate
Type of unconventional oil deposit
shallow depths of sedimentary formations in the northeast, massive microbial biodegradation as the oil approached the surface caused the oil to become highly
Oil_sands
Structural phenolic polymer in plant cell walls
report of microbial symbionts in the digestive system of shipworms; wood boring mollusks". International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 192 105816
Lignin
Academic journal
Biodegradation is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering biotransformation, mineralization, detoxification, recycling, amelioration or treatment of
Biodegradation_(journal)
environment the filters can experience biodegradation and photodegradation. The variance in rate and resistance to biodegradation in many conditions dictates environmental
Environmental impact of cigarettes
Environmental_impact_of_cigarettes
Chemical compound
Sharvelle S, Skvarenina E, Banks MK (2008). "Biodegradation of disodium cocoamphodiacetate by a wastewater microbial consortium". Water Environment Research
Disodium_cocoamphodiacetate
Microscopic algae
hypothesis Microbial consortium Microbial cooperation Microbial biodegradation Microbial ecology Microbial cyst Microbial food web microbial loop viral
Microalgae
and cleanup. These are microbial-synthesized surface-active substances that allow for more efficient microbial biodegradation of hydrocarbons in bioremediation
Petroleum_microbiology
Species of bacterium
recalcitrant of organic pollutants and much interest is seen in using microbial biodegradation to clean up contaminated sites. Sawana A, Adeolu M, Gupta RS (2014)
Paraburkholderia_xenovorans
Marine bacteria and marine archaea
geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. Microbial mat fossils have been found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone in Western
Marine_prokaryotes
Protists that live in saltwater or brackish water
sea-vents and river sediments, suggesting large numbers of eukaryotic microbial communities have yet to be discovered. There has been little research
Marine_protists
Oil extraction technology
biorefining and biodegradation processes. Chimica Oggi-Chemistry Today, 2006. 24(2): p. 65-67 Flemming, H.C. and J. Wingender, Relevance of microbial extracellular
Microbial enhanced oil recovery
Microbial_enhanced_oil_recovery
Polymer
synthetic polymers derived from petrochemicals. They tend to resist biodegradation. PHB-derived plastics are attractive because they are compostable and
Polyhydroxybutyrate
for stimulating microbial transformation of pollutants into non-toxic or less toxic forms. For example, enhancing the biodegradation of toxins with concomitant
Microbial electrochemical technologies
Microbial_electrochemical_technologies
Genus of bacteria
Michalina; Janda, Katarzyna; Wypych, George (2015). Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostablization. Elsevier. ISBN 9781927885024
Thioalkalibacter
Empirical measurement
environment—a case study on north-eastern coast of Bay of Bengal, India". Microbial Biodegradation and Bioremediation. pp. 81–107. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-85455-9
Measurement_of_biodiversity
Organisms capable of living in extreme environments
pollution or contamination. In the 1980s and 1990s, biologists found that microbial life can survive in extreme environments—niches that are acidic, extraordinarily
Extremophile
Genus of algae
"Microalgae in Removal of Heavy Metal and Organic Pollutants from Soil", Microbial Biodegradation and Bioremediation, Elsevier, pp. 519–537, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800021-2
Dunaliella
Chemical compound
is one of the possible daughter products of methyl tert-butyl ether biodegradation. tert-Butyl acetate tert-Butyl formate at Sigma-Aldrich François, A
Tert-Butyl_formate
Plants used in agriculture
Martins VA (2008). "Genomic Insights into Oil Biodegradation in Marine Systems". Microbial Biodegradation: Genomics and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic
Genetically_modified_crops
Viruses found in marine environments
stimulates microbial growth. As much as 25% of the primary production from phytoplankton in the global oceans may be recycled within the microbial loop through
Marine_viruses
Organism capable of degrading and metabolising plastic
Song, Yiling; Gao, Longcheng; Yang, Ruifu; Jiang, Lei (2015-10-20). "Biodegradation and Mineralization of Polystyrene by Plastic-Eating Mealworms: Part
Plastivore
Genus of bacteria
Service, senior research engineer Wei-Min Wu reported in his article "Biodegradation and Mineralization of Polystyrene by Plastic-Eating Mealworms. 2. Role
Exiguobacterium
Separation or breakage of DNA strands into pieces
Genetically modified organism Molecular genetics Gene therapy Microbial biodegradation Omics Pharmacogenomics Stem cells Telomere Tissue culture Interdisciplinary
DNA_fragmentation
Organic compound containing C–PO(OR)2 groups
of HEDP, NTMP, EDTMP and DTPMP in standard biodegradation tests also failed to identify any biodegradation. It was noted, however, that in some tests
Phosphonate
Type of anaerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration. Organohalide respiration can play a part in microbial biodegradation. The most common substrates are chlorinated aliphatics (PCE, TCE
Halorespiration
Corrosion caused or promoted by microorganisms
2002. "Quantifying microbially induced deterioration of concrete: initial studies". International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 49, 227–234. Okabe
Microbial_corrosion
Action of an organism that harms or interferes with the functioning of another organism
postharvest pathogen Penicillium expansum". International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 43 (4): 167–172. Bibcode:1999IBiBi..43..167C. doi:10.1016/S0964-8305(99)00046-3
Antagonism_(phytopathology)
Species of bacterium
palustris consists of a variety of genes that are responsible for biodegradation. It can metabolize lignin and acids found in degrading plant and animal
Rhodopseudomonas_palustris
Biocatalysis and Biodegradation Database (UM-BBD), which contains information on microbial biocatalytic reactions and biodegradation pathways for primarily
Biodegradability_prediction
Species of fungus
used oil. Penicillium commune has shown promising activity in microbial biodegradation research in relation to environmental pollutants. A 2014 study
Penicillium_commune
Polymer resin widely used in packaging
Steven (August 2017). "An overview on biodegradation of polystyrene and modified polystyrene: the microbial approach". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
Polystyrene
toxicity and adverse health effects of environmental pollutants". Microbial Biodegradation and Bioremediation (2nd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 33–53. doi:10.1016/C2020-0-01871-2
Hydrocarbon_mixtures
Herbicide
Senior E, van Verseveld HW (2002). "Microbial aspects of atrazine degradation in natural environments". Biodegradation. 13 (1): 11–19. doi:10.1023/A:1016329628618
Atrazine
German researcher
the Horizon 2020 EU project ‘MIX-UP – Mixed plastics biodegradation and upcycling using microbial communities‘. He is partner of the Werner Siemens Foundation
Lars_Mathias_Blank
Means by which some organisms create energy
Microbial oxidation of sulfur refers to the process by which microorganisms oxidize reduced sulfur compounds to obtain energy, often supporting autotrophic
Microbial_oxidation_of_sulfur
Hadal zone microbial communities are the groups of microorganisms which reside within hadal zones, which consist of many individual deep oceanic trenches
Hadal zone microbial communities
Hadal_zone_microbial_communities
American professor of environmental engineering
the NRC’s Water Science and Technology Board, and Editor-in-Chief of Biodegradation. Rittmann is married to Marylee MacDonald and the step father of her
Bruce_Rittmann
Caterpillar larvae of wax moths
digest beeswax as a result of gut microbes that are essential in the biodegradation process. Two strains of bacteria, Enterobacter asburiae and Bacillus
Waxworm
application of fertilizer on affected shoreline increased rates of biodegradation. Petroleum contamination of both terrestrial and marine environments
Bioremediation_of_oil_spills
Stable dispersion of polymer microparticles in an aqueous medium
Actinoplanes are capable of consuming rubber latex. However, the rate of biodegradation is slow, and the growth of bacteria utilizing rubber as a sole carbon
Latex
Aromatic organic compound with formula C6H4(COOH)2
Syntheses; Collected Volumes, vol. 6, p. 461. Ishtiaq Ali, Muhammad (2011). Microbial degradation of polyvinyl chloride plastics (PDF) (Ph.D.). Quaid-i-Azam
Phthalic_acid
Cooperation between microbial species to digest a substrate
trophe 'nourishment') is the cooperative interaction between at least two microbial species to degrade a single substrate. This type of biological interaction
Syntrophy
Plastics derived from renewable biomass sources
compost as environment conditions are more efficient in biodegradation due to their high microbial diversity. Composting not only biodegrades bioplastics
Bioplastic
Class of organic compounds used as dye
conditions, however, discoloration may be observed as a consequence of biodegradation. Many azo pigments are non-toxic, although some, such as dinitroaniline
Azo_dye
Short river between Everett and Chelsea, Massachusetts
End River has served as a useful site for scientific studies of microbial biodegradation. "Island End River". Geographic Names Information System. United
Island_End_River
Chemical compound
tear strength. Polyvinyl alcohol is widely used, thus its toxicity and biodegradation are of interest. Tests showed that fish (guppies) are not harmed, even
Polyvinyl_alcohol
Chemical compound
C6H12O6 → 3 H2O + C6H6O3 Hydroxyquinol is a common intermediate in the biodegradation of many aromatic compounds. These substrates include monochlorophenols
Hydroxyquinol
Species of beetle
Guoqiang; Peng, Xiawei; Wu, Wei-Min; Zhuang, Xuliang (1 January 2021). "Biodegradation of expanded polystyrene and low-density polyethylene foams in larvae
Zophobas_atratus
Gideon Chijioke (October 2016). "Microbial growth in brake fluids". International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 114: 31–38. Bibcode:2016IBiBi.114
Substrate inhibition in bioreactors
Substrate_inhibition_in_bioreactors
Species of bacterium
Benzene biodegradation by indigenous mixed microbial culture: Kinetic modeling and process optimization. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. doi:10
Enterobacter_cloacae
Polymer composed of a chain of organic units joined by carbamate (urethane) links
Toward, Gary T. (June 2002). "Biodegradation of polyurethane: a review". International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 49 (4): 245–252. Bibcode:2002IBiBi
Polyurethane
Chemical compound
also known as methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), has a high rate of biodegradation at over 68%, but unlike many other chelating agents can degrade without
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic_acid
American engineer
Shonnard, David R.; Techtmann, Stephen M. (2022). "Pyrolysis-Aided Microbial Biodegradation of High-Density Polyethylene Plastic by Environmental Inocula Enrichment
David_R._Shonnard
Species of bacterium
Mohn WW (Sep 1999). "Recent advances in understanding resin acid biodegradation: microbial diversity and metabolism". Arch Microbiol. 172 (3): 131–138. Bibcode:1999ArMic
Pseudomonas_abietaniphila
Genus of bacteria
"Aromatoleum" is a genus of bacteria capable of microbial biodegradation of organic pollutants. It has one single described species member, A. aromaticum
Aromatoleum
Internal fold of the intestine found in certain animals
report of microbial symbionts in the digestive system of shipworms; wood boring mollusks". International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 192 105816
Typhlosole
Genus of bacteria
Michalina; Janda, Katarzyna; Wypych, George (2015). Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostablization. Elsevier. ISBN 9781927885024
Caldanaerocella
Chemical compound
environmental fate characteristics, such as volatility, adsorption, and biodegradation. Dipicolinic acid is among the least volatile, least adsorbed by soil
Dipicolinic_acid
Technique for artificially transferring genetic material
Genetically modified organism Molecular genetics Gene therapy Microbial biodegradation Omics Pharmacogenomics Stem cells Telomere Tissue culture Interdisciplinary
Subcloning
Organic matter component of soil
brown-rot decay: paradigm or paradox". International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation. 39 (2–3): 113–24. Bibcode:1997IBiBi..39..113G. doi:10.1016/S0964-8305(96)00063-7
Soil_organic_matter
to biologically degrade solvents. Cometabolism can be used for the biodegradation of methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE): an aquatic environment pollutant
Cometabolism
Species of bacteria
metabolic diversity, and this species has been recently found to assist biodegradation under anoxic conditions. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or NWP, found in high
Paracoccus_pantotrophus
Type of wastewater treatment
proliferation of slow-growing microbial communities with multiple functions in biofilms. The dynamics of such microbial communities greatly depend on
Moving-bed_biofilm_reactor
Aquifer contamination by medical drugs
mechanisms governing solutes mobility in groundwater, biotransformation and biodegradation play a crucial role in determining the evolution of the system (as identified
Groundwater contamination by pharmaceuticals
Groundwater_contamination_by_pharmaceuticals
Biodegradable polymer
as a nucleating agent, thereby increasing the crystallization rate. Biodegradation of PDLA is slower than for PLA due to the higher crystallinity of PDLA[citation
Polylactic_acid
Genus of bacteria
chlorinated biphenyls, and oil. They are likely involved in detoxification or biodegradation of many other environmental pollutants. Other Micrococcus isolates produce
Micrococcus
Chemical compound
Bisnorhopane may not be a reliable diagnostic for oil maturity due to microbial biodegradation. Norhopanes are a family of demethylated hopanes, identical to
Bisnorhopane
Organic matter in soils resulting from decay of plant and animal materials
of earthworms' mucus in vermicomposting system: Biodegradation tests based on humification and microbial activity". Science of the Total Environment. 610–611:
Humus
Earth, a natural material
Huan; Ye, Shujing; Deng, Rui (1 January 2018). "Sorption, transport and biodegradation: an insight into bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants in
Soil
Material of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids
polysterene. This biodegradation seems to occur in some plastic degrading bacteria inhabiting the gut of cockroaches. The biodegradation products have been
Plastic
Sound of the Gulf of Alaska
others (e.g. certain bacteria and fungi) are capable of facilitating the biodegradation of oil. At the time, both scientific advice and public pressure was
Prince_William_Sound
Impact on plant growth of excess sulfide
Sulfur cycle Soil chemistry Soil biology Environmental microbiology Microbial biodegradation Núria Marbà; et al. (2007), "Iron Additions Reduce Sulfide Intrusion
Sulfide_intrusion
Process of breaking down organic matter
can differentiate abiotic decomposition from biotic decomposition (biodegradation); the former means "the degradation of a substance by chemical or physical
Decomposition
MICROBIAL BIODEGRADATION
MICROBIAL BIODEGRADATION
MICROBIAL BIODEGRADATION
MICROBIAL BIODEGRADATION
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Lynette, LINETTE means "little lake."
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Dawn; Daybreak
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English, Greek, Italian
Contemporary Blend of the Italian and Greek Calandra with Linda
Boy/Male
Indian
Lord Hanuman
Girl/Female
Indian
Consort of Lord Vishnu, Lakshmi
Boy/Male
Hindu
Bhakt
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a person with red hair or a ruddy complexion, from Middle English rudde, Old English rud ‘red’, ‘ruddy’.Americanized shortened form of any of various Jewish surnames beginning with Rud-.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Terrible
Boy/Male
Russian
Lion.
Girl/Female
Indian, Marathi
No Doubt
MICROBIAL BIODEGRADATION
MICROBIAL BIODEGRADATION
MICROBIAL BIODEGRADATION
MICROBIAL BIODEGRADATION
MICROBIAL BIODEGRADATION
a.
Of, pertaining to, or caused by, microbes; as, the microbian theory; a microbian disease.
n.
Alt. of Microbion
a.
Of or pertaining to a microbe.
n.
A microscopic organism; -- particularly applied to bacteria and especially to pathogenic forms; as, the microbe of fowl cholera.