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Under development lunar rover
The Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) is an unpressurized rover being developed for NASA. Astronauts would be able to drive the LTV on the surface of the Moon
Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle
Fifth orbital flight of the Artemis program
NASA's Lunar Terrain Vehicle would also have been delivered. Two astronauts will board the Blue Moon lunar lander and fly it down to the lunar south pole
Artemis_V
American private space company
(MAPP) rover, which operated at the lunar South Pole in 2025, and holds a contract to develop a Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) for the Artemis Program. The
Lunar_Outpost_(company)
American aerospace company founded in 2020
development. The company was awarded a contract to develop NASA's Lunar Terrain Vehicle in 2024. Astrolab planned to send their first rover to the Moon
Astrolab
Vehicle driven by astronauts on the Moon (1971–72)
The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) is a battery-powered four-wheeled rover used on the Moon in the last three missions of the American Apollo program (15,
Lunar_Roving_Vehicle
American aerospace company
Grumman announced they would team with Lunar Outpost, Intuitive Machines and Michelin to design a Lunar Terrain Vehicle. Intuitive Machines, LLC, went public
Intuitive_Machines
NASA-led lunar exploration program
elements include the Commercial Lunar Payload Services, Exploration Ground Systems, Artemis Base Camp, the Lunar Terrain Vehicle, and spacesuit development
Artemis_program
Spacecraft intended to land on the surface of the Moon
crashed on the Moon List of crewed lunar lander designs Lunar module Lunar Terrain Vehicle Mulqueen, John A. (1993). "Lunar Lander Stage Requirements Based
Lunar_lander
List of launches of SpaceX's fully reusable Starship
selected by NASA for the Artemis program's crewed Lunar missions. SpaceX calls the entire launch vehicle "Starship", which consists of the Super Heavy first
List_of_Starship_launches
NASA program contracting commercial transportation services to the Moon
operate NASA payloads, including launch vehicles, lunar lander spacecraft, lunar surface systems, Earth re-entry vehicles and associated resources. Eight missions
Commercial Lunar Payload Services
Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services
Vehicle that travels on the Moon's surface
lunar rover or Moon rover is a space exploration vehicle designed to move across the surface of the Moon. The Apollo program's Lunar Roving Vehicle was
Lunar_rover
NASA crewed Moon landing spacecraft (1969–1972)
crewed vehicle to land anywhere beyond Earth. Structurally and aerodynamically incapable of flight through Earth's atmosphere, the two-stage Lunar Module
Apollo_Lunar_Module
First South Korean lunar orbiter
Korea and one from NASA: Lunar Terrain Imager (LUTI) will take images of probable landing sites for the second stage lunar exploration mission and special
Danuri
Proposed lunar rover
ATHLETE (All-Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer) is a six-legged robotic lunar rover under development by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
ATHLETE
Monaco-based businessman
NASA contract to support the development of the Artemis campaign’s lunar terrain vehicle. Its rover, known as FLEX, is equipped with batteries and wheels
Gildo_Pallanca_Pastor
Feature on the moon
Integrity is a lunar impact crater. It was unofficially named on April 6, 2026 by the crew of the Artemis II mission during their historic flyby of the
Integrity_(crater)
Muratore re-entered aerospace joining Venturi Astrolab working on the Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) Services contract proposal. In April 2024, Venturi Astrolab
John_Muratore
Topics referred to by the same term
cryptographic algorithms or the other certificates expired. Lunar Terrain Vehicle -- lunar surface rover for the Artemis program. All pages with titles
LTV
Conceptual design for pressurized spacecraft
the Lunar Electric Rover (LER) concept, which in turn was a development of the Small Pressurized Rover (SPR) concept. Concept vehicles of the Lunar Electric
Space_Exploration_Vehicle
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
Earth by using the Lunar Module as a "lifeboat" on the return journey. Apollo used the Saturn family of rockets as launch vehicles, which were also used
Apollo_program
2007 film
Lunokhod program, and archived news films, the full story of the Soviet lunar-roving robots is revealed; the development, deployment, technological achievements
Tank_on_the_Moon
Sixth and most recent crewed Moon landing
that included three days on the lunar surface, expanded scientific capability, and the use of the third Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). Cernan and Schmitt landed
Apollo_17
Vehicle propelled fully or mostly by electricity
astronauts drove silver-oxide battery-powered Lunar Roving Vehicles distances up to 35.7 kilometers (22.2 mi) on the lunar surface. Solar-powered, remotely controlled
Electric_vehicle
Fourth crewed Moon landing
Apollo 15 saw the first use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle. The mission began on July 26 and ended on August 7, with the lunar surface exploration taking place
Apollo_15
Balkan aerospace engineer and analog astronaut
exploration systems, including xEVA spacesuits, Lunar Terrain Vehicles, pressurized rovers, moon base and lunar surface operations. Dimoska has been involved
Martina_Dimoska
2025 lunar landing mission
the lunar surface as part of the Artemis program. On May 20, 2021, Firefly announced its selection of SpaceX's Falcon 9 Block 5 as the launch vehicle for
Blue_Ghost_Mission_1
Vehicle manufacturer in Ontario, Canada
Argo is a Canadian manufacturer of amphibious all-terrain vehicles. It was founded in 1962 as Ontario Drive and Gear (ODG) Limited, in Kitchener, Ontario
Argo_(ATV_manufacturer)
1989 Bush administration proposal to place humans on the Moon
First Lunar Outpost was a proposal for a crewed lunar mission that would have launched sometime in the 2010s. It was part of George H. W. Bush's Space
First_Lunar_Outpost
Motor vehicle
the terrain and automatically optimises vehicle settings. The system provides settings for grass, gravel, snow, mud, sand, and rock crawl, Terrain Response
Range_Rover_(L405)
Lunar research program (2004–present)
The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP; Chinese: 中国探月工程; pinyin: Zhōngguó Tànyuè Gōngchéng), also known as the Chang'e Project (Chinese: 嫦娥工程; pinyin:
Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program
Monaco-based automotive manufacturing company
NASA contract to support the development of Artemis campaign's lunar terrain vehicle. Its rover, known as FLEX, is equipped with batteries and wheels
Venturi_(company)
3D computer-generated imagery and measurements of terrain
is a 3D computer graphics representation of elevation data to represent terrain or overlaying objects, commonly of a planet, moon, or asteroid. A "global
Digital_elevation_model
Moon Mark 1 intended to test various technologies needed for future crewed Lunar landers. In early 2027, ESA plans to launch the PLATO space telescope for
2027_in_spaceflight
Third crewed Moon landing
them, and store lunar samples, without needing to carry them. On later Apollo program missions, the self-propelled Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) was flown
Apollo_14
Second crewed mission to orbit the Moon
mission or dress rehearsal for the lunar landing, had as its primary objectives to demonstrate crew, space vehicle, and mission support facilities performance
Apollo_10
explore, collect information, and take samples. This is a list of the seven lunar rovers, seven Mars rovers, and three asteroid rovers that have explored
List of rovers on extraterrestrial bodies
List_of_rovers_on_extraterrestrial_bodies
Planetary surface exploration vehicle
ramps to the lunar surface at 01:14 UT on January 16, 1973. Lunokhod 2 operated for about four months, covered 39 km (24 mi) of terrain, including hilly
Rover_(space_exploration)
three companies – Intuitive Machines, Lunar Outpost and Venturi Astrolab – to develop its Lunar Terrain Vehicle, for use in crewed Artemis missions from
2024_in_science
Fifth crewed Moon landing
missions", with an extended stay on the lunar surface, a focus on science, and the use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). The landing and exploration were
Apollo_16
Independent confirmations of Apollo Moon landings
own launch vehicles, and has its own deep space communication network. In 2008, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) SELENE lunar probe obtained
Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings
Lunar lander developed by Intuitive Machines
of carrying more than 500 kg to the lunar surface. In 2021 Northrop Grumman announced that the Lunar Terrain Vehicle they were designing would be delivered
Intuitive_Machines_Nova-C
Training astronauts for lunar missions
Because the primary scientific activity on the lunar surface was geological—collecting samples, describing terrain, and photographing formations—astronauts
Apollo_program_training
NASA technology
lunar terrain field was constructed at Kennedy Space Centre (KSC) for ALHAT on Morpheus lander testing. The field has an array of different terrain features
Autonomous Landing Hazard Avoidance Technology
Autonomous_Landing_Hazard_Avoidance_Technology
Indian Lunar exploration programme
'Craft, Vehicle', pronunciation) is an ongoing series of outer space missions by ISRO for the exploration of the Moon. The program incorporates a lunar orbiter
Chandrayaan_programme
Vehicle used to haul equipment on the lunar surface
(MET) was a two-wheeled, hand-pulled vehicle that was used as an equipment hauling device on traverses across the lunar surface. Designed after Apollo 12
Modular_Equipment_Transporter
Aborted Moon landing mission in the Apollo program
rougher terrain. The plan was to devote the first of the two four-hour lunar surface extravehicular activities (EVAs) to setting up the Apollo Lunar Surface
Apollo_13
Concepts for extended human presence on the Moon
Though lunar landings since the conclusion of the Apollo program in 1972 have ceased, interest in establishing a permanent habitation on the lunar surface
NASA_lunar_outpost_concepts
Indian lunar mission (2019–Present)
"craft, vehicle") is the second lunar exploration mission developed by ISRO after Chandrayaan-1. It consists of a lunar orbiter, the Vikram lunar lander
Chandrayaan-2
American astronaut and lunar explorer (born 1935)
astronaut, United States Air Force (USAF) officer and test pilot who, as Lunar Module pilot of Apollo 16 in 1972, became the 10th and youngest person to
Charles_Duke
Planned Chinese lunar exploration mission
Pakistan lunar rover (Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission of Pakistan (SUPARCO) and the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems)
Chang'e_8
Reusable superheavy-lift general-purpose launch vehicle
2027, and a crewed lunar landing scheduled for 2028. SpaceX began developing concepts for a super heavy-lift reusable launch vehicle as early as 2005.
SpaceX_Starship
Proposed European lunar rover
Ice Exploration) is a lunar rover under development by ispace for the European Space Agency (ESA). It will be the first lunar rover mission by ESA. The
MAGPIE_(rover)
Proposed 2018 ESA Moon mission
The Lunar Lander was a robotic mission intended to send a lander vehicle to the Moon, led by ESA's Human Spaceflight and Operations directorate. The primary
Lunar_Lander_(spacecraft)
exploration of the Moon beginning in 1959. The first partially successful lunar mission was Luna 1 in January 1959, which became the first probe to escape
List_of_missions_to_the_Moon
American lunar exploration company
HDTV video broadcast of the spacecraft as it "Barn-Storms" over the lunar terrain during its voyage. TransOrbital launched a test spacecraft named Trailblazer
TransOrbital
Space probe
the vehicle began its descent to the lunar surface. Contact with the spacecraft was lost at 07:48 UT at the previously determined point of lunar landing
Luna_18
NASA robotic spacecraft orbiting the moon
several times over the historic Apollo lunar landing sites at 50 km (31 mi) altitude. The Lunar Roving Vehicles and Lunar Module descent stages and their respective
Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter
Southernmost point on the Moon
The lunar south pole is the southernmost point on the Moon. It is of interest to scientists because of the occurrence of water ice in permanently shadowed
Lunar_south_pole
Indian lunar rover
प्रज्ञान, romanized: prajñāna, lit. 'wisdom') is a lunar rover that forms part of Chandrayaan-2, a lunar mission developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation
Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)
2025 lunar landing mission
IM-2 was a robotic lunar landing mission operated by Intuitive Machines as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program. The Nova-C
IM-2
Indian lunar sample-return mission
(pronunciation; from Sanskrit: Chandra, "Moon" and yāna, "craft, vehicle") is an upcoming lunar sample return mission of ISRO underdevelopment now and the fourth
Chandrayaan-4
Soviet Moon rover program
began work immediately on another lunar vehicle. Lunokhod 1 (vehicle 8ЕЛ№203) was the first of two uncrewed lunar rovers successfully landed on the Moon
Lunokhod_programme
Lunar lander built by Astrobotic Technology
(ULA) to launch their Peregrine lander aboard a Vulcan launch vehicle. This first lunar lander mission, called Mission One, was initially to be launched
Peregrine_Mission_One
Project by the European Space Agency
deliver Lunar Pathfinder to lunar orbit via the Blue Ghost vehicle. In February 2023, ESA expressed interest in creating international lunar timekeeping
Moonlight_Programme
Hemisphere of the Moon that always faces away from Earth
the near side, the far side's terrain is rugged, with a multitude of impact craters and relatively few flat and dark lunar maria ("seas"), giving it an
Far_side_of_the_Moon
Indian lunar rover
प्रज्ञान, romanized: prajñāna, lit. 'wisdom') is a lunar rover that forms part of Chandrayaan-3, a lunar mission developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation
Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)
Lunar impact crater
Shackleton is an impact crater that lies at the lunar south pole. The peaks along the crater's rim are exposed to almost continual sunlight, while the
Shackleton_(crater)
Robotic spacecraft missions to the Moon by the Soviet Union (1958–1976)
sophisticated soft lander craft can deploy wheeled vehicles to explore a wider area of the lunar surface than the immediate landing site. Luna program
Luna_programme
Discussion of human needs and organization on the Moon
if the terrain is not too steep or hilly. Rovers that have operated on the surface of the Moon include the three Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicles (LRV), developed
Lunar_habitation
Indian lunar mission (2008–2009)
Sanskrit: Chandra, "Moon" and yāna, "craft, vehicle") of the Chandrayaan programme, was the first Indian lunar probe. It was launched by ISRO in October
Chandrayaan-1
Overview of and topical guide to transport
Sports car Off-road transport All-terrain vehicle Engineering vehicle Hovercraft Ice boat Snowmobile Sport utility vehicle Tank Traction engine Tractor Rail
Outline_of_transport
Lunar lander built by Astrobotic Technology
demonstrations focused on lunar resource prospecting, volatile characterization, and surface operations in the rugged terrain of the lunar South Pole. The mission
Griffin_Mission_One
American roboticist
university. Red founded and led Carnegie Mellon University's team in the Google Lunar X Prize. from its inception in 2007 until its ultimate closure in 2018.
Red_Whittaker
Spacecraft launch or descent maneuver
The idea of using a gravity turn maneuver to land a vehicle was originally developed for the Lunar Surveyor landings, although Surveyor made a direct approach
Gravity_turn
Proposed human Mars program by SpaceX
deprioritized its Mars ambitions for a short while in order to focus on lunar base, often referred to as Moon Base Alpha. Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX
SpaceX Mars colonization program
SpaceX_Mars_colonization_program
Chinese lunar sample-return mission
attached ascent vehicle to be launched into lunar orbit. Ascender: The ascent vehicle then made a fully autonomous and robotic Lunar orbit rendezvous
Chang'e_6
American military truck
vehicle from which M27 evolved Vehicle lunarization study, US Army M-274 'Mule' vehicle. Volume 2, part 1: Technical discussion Vehicle lunarization study
M274 ½-ton 4×4 utility platform truck
M274_½-ton_4×4_utility_platform_truck
1966 NASA crewed spaceflight
Vehicle on the first orbit in support of Project Apollo. This would simulate a Lunar Module rendezvous with the Command/Service Module after a lunar landing
Gemini_11
Japanese lunar orbiter spacecraft
obtain scientific data of the lunar origin and evolution and to develop the technology for the future lunar exploration": Terrain camera (TC) (resolution 10
SELENE
Sixth generation of Mercedes-Benz E-Class
W214 sedan, S214 estate, and the X214 all terrain estate, which are vehicles produced by German luxury vehicle manufacturer Mercedes-Benz Group since 2
Mercedes-Benz_E-Class_(W214)
Claims that the Apollo Moon landings were faked
the Apollo 15 Lunar Module engine exhaust from a Terrain Camera image. A three-dimensional reconstructed photo also matched the terrain of an Apollo 15
Moon landing conspiracy theories
Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories
First crewed space mission to orbit the Moon
1968 to a more ambitious command-module-only lunar orbital flight to be flown in December, as the lunar module was not yet ready to make its first flight
Apollo_8
American lunar lander
mission were to perform a lunar soft landing (in an area well removed from the maria to provide a type of terrain photography and lunar sample significantly
Surveyor_7
design, build, and race human-powered, collapsible vehicles over simulated lunar/Martian terrain. NASA sponsors the competition, first held in 1994,
NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge
NASA_Human_Exploration_Rover_Challenge
American planetary scientist
participated in field tests of NASA's Surface Exploration Vehicle (SEV), formerly known as the Lunar Exploration Rover (LER) or Small Pressurized Rover (SPR)
Pascal_Lee
Prototype VTOL aircraft
comparable role, configuration, and era Lunar Landing Research Vehicle – Apollo human lunar landing training vehicle Rolls-Royce Thrust Measuring Rig – 1950s
Aérospatiale_Ludion
American astronaut and lunar explorer (born 1932)
1963, Scott flew to space three times and commanded Apollo 15, the fourth lunar landing; he is one of four surviving Moon walkers and the only living commander
David_Scott
Planned Chinese Mars sample return mission
a lander/ascent-vehicle, similar to China's lunar sample return missions Chang'e 5 and Chang'e 6. Unlike those missions, the vehicles will use two separate
Tianwen-3
1982 video game
"without cheating" (their words). Gravitar was developed under the name Lunar Battle. 5,427 arcade cabinets were produced. The silver label version of
Gravitar
Division of the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University
solar-powered lunar rover named for university founders Andrew Carnegie and Andrew Mellon, was unveiled in 2014 as part of the competition for the Google Lunar X
Robotics_Institute
Planned NASA lunar rover
Exploration Rover) is a lunar rover being developed at the NASA Ames Research Center. The rover's main mission is to prospect for lunar resources in permanently
VIPER_(rover)
Chinese lunar exploration mission
Cháng'é wǔhào) was the fifth lunar exploration mission in the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program of CNSA, and China's first lunar sample-return mission. The
Chang'e_5
Second robotic Moon rover (1973)
completed, leading to speculation that the vehicle probably failed in mid-May or could not be revived after the lunar night of May–June. More recently, Alexander
Lunokhod_2
Line dividing day and night on a celestial body
and the resulting shadows provide accurate descriptions of the lunar terrain. The lunar terminator (or tilt) illusion is an optical illusion arising from
Terminator_(solar)
Proceedings of NASA's fourth manned Moon landing until ascent
Scott and Apollo Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin, who used the first Lunar Roving Vehicle to make three exploratory trips away from their landing site at the
Apollo 15 operations on the Lunar surface
Apollo_15_operations_on_the_Lunar_surface
1985 video game
track as well. The builder also has the options to change the type of terrain - laying slippery ice stretches of track, normal track, or difficult sandy
Racing_Destruction_Set
Chinese lunar lander and rover (2013–Present)
robotic lunar exploration mission operated by the China National Space Administration (CNSA), incorporating a robotic lander and China's first lunar rover
Chang'e_3
Method of spatial measurement using laser
autonomous precision safe landing of future robotic and crewed lunar-landing vehicles. The essential concept of lidar was originated by E. H. Synge in
Lidar
Mechanical system that walks
Compared to a wheel, a leg mechanism is potentially better fitted to uneven terrain, as it can step over obstacles. An early design for a leg mechanism called
Leg_mechanism
Science museum in Huntsville, Alabama
Lunar Sample Number 12065,15 at the museum. Later Moon trips took a Lunar Roving Vehicle (displayed beside the LM). The first few Moon trips ended at a Mobile
U.S._Space_&_Rocket_Center
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