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Independent confirmations of Apollo Moon landings
Third-party evidence for the Apollo Moon landings is evidence or analysis of evidence about the Apollo Moon landings that does not come from the U.S. government
Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings
Apollo 8 and Apollo 10 orbited without landing. Apollo 13's planned lunar landing was aborted due to an oxygen tank explosion en route to the Moon; instead
List of people who have flown to the Moon
List_of_people_who_have_flown_to_the_Moon
First crewed Moon landing (1969)
Apollo 11 (July 16–24, 1969) was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon, and the fifth crewed mission of NASA's Apollo program
Apollo_11
Canceled space missions
the Apollo crewed Moon landing program of the 1960s and 1970s were canceled, for reasons which included changes in technical direction, the Apollo 1 fire
Canceled_Apollo_missions
Claims that the Apollo Moon landings were faked
Conspiracy theories claim that some or all elements of the Apollo program and the associated Moon landings were hoaxes staged by NASA, possibly with the aid of
Moon landing conspiracy theories
Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories
Second crewed mission to orbit the Moon
the mission's operator, described it as a "dress rehearsal" for the first Moon landing (Apollo 11, two months later). It was designated an "F" mission, intended
Apollo_10
NASA crewed Moon landing spacecraft (1969–1972)
out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth". This was followed by landings by Apollo 12 (LM-6 Intrepid) and Apollo 14 (LM-8
Apollo_Lunar_Module
Astronauts from NASA's Apollo program
status and commanded Apollo 14, the third successful Moon landing mission. All of these astronauts flew on Gemini, and except for White, each commanded
List_of_Apollo_astronauts
Planned United States spaceflight (1967)
land the first man on the Moon. It was planned to launch on February 21, 1967, as the first low Earth orbital test of the Apollo command and service module
Apollo_1
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
six missions achieved landings; but the Apollo 13 landing had to be aborted after an oxygen tank exploded en route to the Moon, crippling the CSM. The
Apollo_program
Aborted Moon landing mission in the Apollo program
Apollo 13 (April 11–17, 1970) was the seventh crewed mission in the Apollo space program and would have been the third Moon landing. The craft was launched
Apollo_13
Fourth crewed Moon landing
first J mission, with a longer stay on the Moon and a greater focus on science than earlier landings. Apollo 15 saw the first use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle
Apollo_15
Second crewed Moon landing
Apollo 12 (November 14–24, 1969) was the sixth crewed flight in the United States Apollo program and the second to land on the Moon. It was launched on
Apollo_12
Planned spaceflight mission
third crewed mission and the first Moon landing in the NASA-led Artemis lunar exploration program, marking the first crewed Moon landing since Apollo
Artemis_IV
Programs by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon
crewed lunar orbit on 24–25 December 1968 (Apollo 8) and the first Moon landing on July 20, 1969 (Apollo 11), and a series of catastrophic N1 failures
Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs
artificial materials left on the Moon, many during the missions of the Apollo program. The table below does not include lesser Apollo mission artificial objects
List of artificial objects on the Moon
List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon
First crewed space mission to orbit the Moon
the Moon and an Earthrise. Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968, and was the second crewed spaceflight mission flown in the United States Apollo space
Apollo_8
Third crewed Moon landing
the third to land on the Moon, and the first to land in the lunar highlands. It was the last of the "H missions", landings at specific sites of scientific
Apollo_14
Lunar lander used for Apollo 11
Eagle (LM-5) is the Apollo Lunar Module that was the first crewed lunar lander flown by humans to the Moon. Part of the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, it was
Lunar_Module_Eagle
only a few have landed on the Moon. This is a list of species that have landed on the Moon, only including landings in which the payload survived. This
List of species that have landed on the Moon
List_of_species_that_have_landed_on_the_Moon
Fifth crewed Moon landing
administered by NASA, and the fifth and penultimate to land on the Moon. It was the second of Apollo's "J missions", with an extended stay on the lunar surface
Apollo_16
Neil Armstrong's words on landing on the Moon
to set foot on the Moon, he said "That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind". Recordings of Armstrong's Apollo 11 transmission do
One_small_step
Scientific instruments left by the Apollo astronauts on the Moon
five Apollo missions to land on the Moon following Apollo 11 (Apollos 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17). Apollo 11 left a smaller package called the Early Apollo Scientific
Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package
Apollo_Lunar_Surface_Experiments_Package
Sixth and most recent crewed Moon landing
Wayback Machine NASA, NASA SP-4009 Apollo 17 "On The Shoulders of Giants" – NASA Space Program and Moon Landings Documentary on YouTube "The Final Flight"
Apollo_17
Fifth orbital flight of the Artemis program
first lunar landing since Apollo 17 to use an unpressurized lunar rover. It is planned to have the two astronauts on the surface of the Moon for about one
Artemis_V
Lunar lander built by Astrobotic Technology
cultural payloads to the Moon's South Pole, specifically targeting the Nobile Crater region near Mons Mouton. Scheduled for launch no earlier than November
Griffin_Mission_One
Vehicle driven by astronauts on the Moon (1971–72)
on the Moon in the last three missions of the American Apollo program (15, 16, and 17) during 1971 and 1972. It is popularly called the Moon buggy, a
Lunar_Roving_Vehicle
Upcoming crewed mission of the Artemis program
planned as the first crewed lunar landing mission of the Artemis program and the first crewed landing on the Moon since Apollo 17 in 1972. Under NASA's earlier
Artemis_III
1962 speech by John F. Kennedy
value of the Moon-landing effort. Kennedy's goal was realized posthumously, on July 20, 1969, with the Apollo program's successful Apollo 11 mission. When
We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon
Lunar research program (2004–present)
scanned the entire Moon in unprecedented detail, generating a high definition 3D map that would provide a reference for future soft landings. The probe also
Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program
Missions to the Moon
humans on the Moon, which it did six times on the near side in the late 20th century. The first human landing took place in 1969, when the Apollo 11 astronauts
Exploration_of_the_Moon
soft landings were crewed (Apollo); all crewed soft landings were conducted by the United States. All two soft landings on the far side of the Moon were
List_of_missions_to_the_Moon
Rock retrieved from the Moon in 1971
sample of Moon rock retrieved by Apollo 15 astronauts James Irwin and David Scott in 1971 during the second lunar EVA, at Spur crater on Earth's Moon. It has
Genesis_Rock
Small crater on the Moon
diameter) in Mare Tranquillitatis on the Moon, east of the Apollo 11 landing site known as Tranquility Base. The Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz
Little_West_(lunar_crater)
NASA-led lunar exploration program
crewed lunar landing since Apollo. Beginning with Artemis V, scheduled for no earlier than late 2028, NASA intends yearly lunar landings to develop a
Artemis_program
Soviet lunar module intended to be used in the Soviet lunar landing attempts
(including several launch failures), and the first Moon landings were achieved by US astronauts on Apollo 11. As a result, both the N1 and the LK programs
LK_(spacecraft)
American astronaut (1930–2012)
engineer who, as the commander of the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, became the first person to walk on the Moon. He was also a naval aviator, test pilot and
Neil_Armstrong
Vehicle that travels on the Moon's surface
A lunar rover or Moon rover is a space exploration vehicle designed to move across the surface of the Moon. The Apollo program's Lunar Roving Vehicle
Lunar_rover
Blue Origin lunar lander test flight
Blue Moon Pathfinder Mission 1 is a robotic lunar landing mission planned for launch in 2027. The spacecraft is to be built and operated by Blue Origin
Blue Moon Pathfinder Mission 1
Blue_Moon_Pathfinder_Mission_1
the Apollo Moon landings were hoaxes perpetrated by NASA and other agencies has appeared many times in popular culture. Not all references to Moon landing
Moon landing conspiracy theories in popular culture
Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories_in_popular_culture
Lunar lander family for the Artemis program
tons) of payload to the surface of the Moon. Originally envisioned as a way to gain experience with lunar landings and to support technology development
Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)
Settlement on the Moon
Moon, and U.S. flags were symbolically planted at their landing sites by the Apollo astronauts, no nation claims ownership of any part of the Moon's surface
Colonization_of_the_Moon
American lunar lander
Surveyor 3 is the third lander of the American uncrewed Surveyor program sent to explore the surface of the Moon in 1967 and the second to successfully
Surveyor_3
1969 Soviet space probe
prematurely left orbit and hit the moon surface at 15:50 UTC, two hours before Apollo 11's return ascent List of missions to the Moon Solar System portal Spaceflight
Luna_15
1968 Soviet spaceflight, first lunar mission to carry animals
mice who orbited the Moon a record 75 times in December 1972, while traveling on NASA's Apollo 17 mission List of missions to the Moon Korabl-Sputnik 5,
Zond_5
Planned Chinese lunar exploration mission
Chang'e 2 in 2010. The second was landing and roving on the Moon, as Chang'e 3 did in 2013 and Chang'e 4 did in 2019. The third was collecting lunar samples
Chang'e_7
Planned Blue Origin robotic lunar mission
search for and determine the composition of lunar ice in preparation of planned crewed lunar landings as a part of the Artemis program. "Blue Moon Mark
Blue Moon Pathfinder Mission 2
Blue_Moon_Pathfinder_Mission_2
Photograph of Earth by Reid Wiseman
taken by the Apollo 17 crew. The photograph shows the night-side of the Earth. Although the Earth is still illuminated by the full moon, it is quite dark
Hello,_World_(photograph)
Natural satellite orbiting Earth
Chronology: Apollo_11". Spaceline.org. Archived from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved February 6, 2008. "Apollo Anniversary: Moon Landing "Inspired
Moon
Robotic spacecraft missions to the Moon by the Soviet Union (1958–1976)
Retrieved 12 July 2013. Chaikin, Andy (February–March 2004). "The Other Moon Landings". Air & Space. Archived from the original on 11 May 2014. "Luna Ye-8-5
Luna_programme
Uncrewed test flight of the Apollo Program
the Apollo program to judge the Block I spacecraft and Saturn IB ready to carry men into orbit on the next mission, AS-204. AS-202 was the third test
AS-202
American uncrewed lunar space missions in the 1960s
objective was to obtain the first close-up images of the surface of the Moon. The Ranger spacecraft were designed to take images of the lunar surface
Ranger_program
Crash of rocket into the Moon
with the Moon near Einstein Crater on 5 August 2026. The 3,900-kilogram (8,600 lb) spacecraft had been abandoned the previous year in a Moon-crossing
2026_SpaceX_lunar_impact
Planned international lunar base
orbit of the Moon designed for multi-discipline and multi-purpose scientific research activities, including exploration and use of the Moon, Moon-based observation
International Lunar Research Station
International_Lunar_Research_Station
Abandoned lunar lander proposal
presented as the "quickest and simplest method" for a 2024 Moon landing. The lunar lander concept was not selected for funding by NASA as part of Artemis in the
Boeing_Lunar_Lander
Lunar robotic craft developed by ISRO
Moon, qualifying technologies required for any future soft landing missions, and scientific exploration of the Moon from close range just prior to the impact
Moon_Impact_Probe
2026 crewed flyby of the Moon
(April 1–11, 2026) was a crewed flyby of the Moon. It is the only crewed flight beyond low Earth orbit since Apollo 17 in 1972. It was the first crewed flight
Artemis_II
2026 lunar landing mission
2024. "Three-peat: Intuitive Machines Selects SpaceX Falcon 9 Rocket for Third Moon Mission". Intuitive Machines. August 10, 2021. Archived from the original
IM-3
Miniature Lunar rover
It was launched to the Moon first on the failed Hakuto-R Mission 1 in 2022, and on 2023 Smart Lander for Investigating Moon mission, where it is officially
Sora-Q
1970 misquotation from Apollo 13
a phrase spoken during Apollo 13, a NASA mission in the Apollo space program and the third mission intended to land on the Moon. After an explosion occurred
Houston,_we_have_a_problem
American privately held space exploration company
Moon for natural resources of economic value. The company was not able to make a launch attempt to reach the Moon by March 31, 2018, the deadline for
Moon_Express
1970 Soviet uncrewed lunar mission
1969. The descent stage was equipped with two landing ramps for the rover, to disembark onto the Moon's surface. The 756-kilogram (1,666-pound-11-ounce)
Luna_17
Rock retrieved from the Moon in 1971 by Apollo 15
lunar sample discovered and collected on the Apollo 15 mission in 1971 in the Hadley-Apennine region of the Moon. The rock is a 9.614 kg (21.20 lb) olivine-normative
Great_Scott_(lunar_sample)
Japanese lunar lander (2023–2024)
The Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM), nicknamed the "Moon Sniper", was a lunar lander mission operated by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Smart Lander for Investigating Moon
Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon
Soviet robotic spacecraft program
vehicle built to send a crewed Soviet spacecraft to the Moon, like the United States Apollo program. Pyrotechnics and propellant leaks led to electrical
Zond_failed_missions
Cancelled crewed circumlunar mission and art project
The dearMoon project was a proposed lunar tourism mission conceived and financed by Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa. It would have seen Maezawa and
DearMoon_project
Private Japanese company
Maryland "Draper wins NASA contract for farside lunar lander mission". spacenews.com. 22 July 2022. They want moon landings to be a commercial reality — and
Ispace_Inc.
Test flight within the Apollo program
designed before the lunar orbit rendezvous method was chosen for the Apollo lunar landing; therefore it lacked capability to dock with a lunar module.
AS-201
Space probe
Earth parking orbit after it was launched and was then sent towards the Moon. On 7 September 1971, it entered lunar orbit. The spacecraft completed 85
Luna_18
Series of Soviet robotic space probes launched between 1964 and 1970
on a free return trajectory around the Moon without going into lunar orbit (the same kind of path flown by Apollo 13 in its emergency abort in 1970, as
Zond_program
Crater on the Moon
diameter) in Mare Tranquillitatis on the Moon, within the Apollo 11 landing site known as Tranquility Base. The Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz
Double_(lunar_crater)
Soviet Moon rover program
robots for exploration of the lunar surface and returning pictures, after the Apollo human lunar landings and cancellation of the Soviet human Moon programme
Lunokhod_programme
U.S. government documents declassified in 2026
(May 8, 2026). "Buzz Aldrin's 'unusual' sightings and photos from the moon landings. What we learned from the first batch of the UFO files". The Independent
United_States_UFO_files
Planned Chinese lunar exploration mission
ready for moon landing aboard Chang'e-8 mission". www.geo.tv. Retrieved 2025-02-08. "Pakistan Joins China's Lunar Mission For Exploring Moon's South Pole"
Chang'e_8
Planetary surface exploration vehicle
operated for 11 months. NASA included Lunar Roving Vehicles in three Apollo missions: Apollo 15 (which landed on the Moon July 30, 1971), Apollo 16 (which
Rover_(space_exploration)
Planned Russian lunar orbiter
"Looking past Luna 25's lunar landing failure: what's next?". NASASpaceFlight.com. O'Callaghan, Jonathan (2023). "Russian Moon lander crash — what happened
Luna_26
Planned South Korean lunar lander
the moon with the goal of landing on the moon in 2032. KASA aims to complete the design of the lunar lander by 2028, launch the lunar soft landing verification
Korea_Lunar_Lander_and_Rover
Proceedings of NASA's fourth manned Moon landing until ascent
Apollo 15 lunar surface operations were conducted from July 30 to August 2, 1971, by Apollo 15 Commander David Scott and Apollo Lunar Module Pilot James
Apollo 15 operations on the Lunar surface
Apollo_15_operations_on_the_Lunar_surface
Chinese lunar sample-return mission
the origin of the Moon and the Solar System. The Chang'e 6 lander landed at 22:23 UTC on 1 June 2024 in the southern mare of Apollo Basin (lunar coordinates:
Chang'e_6
First artificial satellite of the Moon
'Moon-10') or Lunik 10 was a 1966 Soviet lunar robotic spacecraft mission in the Luna program. It was the first artificial satellite of the Moon, and
Luna_10
Series of five uncrewed lunar orbiter missions
uncrewed Moon-orbiting missions launched by the United States in 1966 and 1967. Intended to help select Apollo landing sites by mapping the Moon's surface
Lunar_Orbiter_program
Failed Soviet lunar sample return mission
Union. Luna 23 was a Soviet Moon lander mission which was intended to return a lunar sample to Earth. Launched to the Moon by a Proton-K/D, the spacecraft
Luna_23
on July 26, 1971, Apollo 15 took four days to reach the Moon. After spending two hours in orbit around the Earth, the S-IVB third stage of the Saturn
Journey of Apollo 15 to the Moon
Journey_of_Apollo_15_to_the_Moon
Proposed British space mission
The Moon Lightweight Interior and Telecoms Experiment (MoonLITE), was a proposed British space mission to explore the Moon and develop techniques for future
MoonLITE
Measuring the distance between the Earth and the Moon with laser light
Apollo Lunar Laser Ranging team) Lidar Lunar distance (astronomy) Satellite laser ranging Space geodesy Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
Lunar Laser Ranging experiments
Lunar_Laser_Ranging_experiments
list of designs for crewed lunar landers, spacecraft intended to land on the Moon. A key aspect is achieving a soft landing, and for an ascent stage to
List_of_crewed_lunar_landers
Effort by private individuals to explore and exploit the Moon
Project Harvest Moon was a first effort by private individuals to explore and exploit the Moon. Sponsored by the Committee for the Future, "the original
Project_Harvest_Moon
Soviet spacecraft
First Lunar Rover, was the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of Earth's Moon, the first spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit, and the first to be placed
Luna_1
2026 lunar landing mission
Agency Moon to Mars initiative. The SPIDER hardware from Fleet Space uses ambient noise tomography to collect subsurface data and search for water ice
Blue_Ghost_Mission_2
Chinese lunar exploration mission
Chinese moon goddess, Chang'e. Chang'e 5 was the first lunar sample return since the Soviet Union's Luna 24 in 1976. China became the third country to
Chang'e_5
Indian Lunar exploration programme
ISRO's roadmap for India's Human Moon Landing Programme! 🇮🇳🌖 It involves a series of uncrewed Chandrayaan landings between 2027-2037 + the establishment
Chandrayaan_programme
Indian lunar mission (2023–Present)
Vikram lander was responsible for the soft landing on the Moon. It is also box-shaped, with four landing legs and four landing thrusters capable of producing
Chandrayaan-3
Final Soviet sample-return mission to the Moon, 1976
the mission of the Luna 24 probe was the third Soviet mission to return lunar soil samples from the Moon (the first two sample return missions were
Luna_24
Artemis program crewed spacecraft
program in 2010, Orion was extensively redesigned for use in NASA's Journey to Mars initiative; later named Moon to Mars. The SLS became Orion's primary launch
Orion_(spacecraft)
Soviet lunar lander that carried the Lunokhod 2 rover to the Moon
taken prior to the Apollo 17 landing, were later used by the "driver team" to navigate the new rover on its mission on the Moon Launch Date/Time: 1973-01-08
Luna_21
1960s NASA program to soft-land robotic probes on the Moon
spacecraft to the surface of the Moon. Its primary goal was to demonstrate the feasibility of soft landings on the Moon. The Surveyor craft were the first
Surveyor_program
NASA program contracting commercial transportation services to the Moon
robotic landers and rovers to the Moon. Most landing sites are near the lunar south pole where they will scout for lunar resources, test in situ resource
Commercial Lunar Payload Services
Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services
Planned lander spacecraft component of NASA's cancelled Project Constellation
the spacecraft for landings on the Moon, which was intended to begin around 2019. The Altair spacecraft was planned to be used both for lunar sortie and
Altair_(spacecraft)
Overview of the last phase of NASA's fourth lunar landing mission
radioed from Mission Control, Apollo 15 disappeared behind the Moon for the last time. Igniting on time, the SPS burned for 2 minutes, 21 seconds, adding
Return_of_Apollo_15_to_Earth
Third mission of the Discovery program; polar orbital reconnaissance of the Moon
Moon. Several articles on the scientific results were published in the journal Science. Lunar Prospector was the third mission selected by NASA for full
Lunar_Prospector
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THIRD PARTY-EVIDENCE-FOR-APOLLO-MOON-LANDINGS
THIRD PARTY-EVIDENCE-FOR-APOLLO-MOON-LANDINGS
THIRD PARTY-EVIDENCE-FOR-APOLLO-MOON-LANDINGS
THIRD PARTY-EVIDENCE-FOR-APOLLO-MOON-LANDINGS
THIRD PARTY-EVIDENCE-FOR-APOLLO-MOON-LANDINGS
THIRD PARTY-EVIDENCE-FOR-APOLLO-MOON-LANDINGS
THIRD PARTY-EVIDENCE-FOR-APOLLO-MOON-LANDINGS
THIRD PARTY-EVIDENCE-FOR-APOLLO-MOON-LANDINGS
THIRD PARTY-EVIDENCE-FOR-APOLLO-MOON-LANDINGS
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