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Substance of biological origin that is soluble in nonpolar solvents
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides
Lipid
Lipid component of lipopolysaccharide endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria
Lipid A is a lipid component of an endotoxin held responsible for the toxicity of gram-negative bacteria. It is the innermost of the three regions of the
Lipid_A
Lipid-rich cellular organelle found mainly in adipose tissue
Lipid droplets, also known as lipid bodies, oil bodies, or adiposomes, are endoplasmic reticulum-derived neutral lipid storage organelles consisting of
Lipid_droplet
Combination in the membranes of cells
cell biology, lipid rafts are hypothetical structures found in the plasma membranes of cells. They are believed to be glycolipoprotein lipid microdomains
Lipid_raft
Biological membrane structure
The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. These membranes form a continuous barrier around
Lipid_bilayer
Biological synthesis and degradation of lipids
Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, involving the breakdown and storage of fats for energy and the synthesis of structural
Lipid_metabolism
A simple lipid is a fatty acid ester of different alcohols and carries no other substance. These lipids belong to a heterogeneous class of predominantly
Simple_lipid
Biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from its outside environment
the outside environment (the extracellular space). The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer, usually consisting of phospholipids and glycolipids; eukaryotes
Cell_membrane
Novel drug delivery system
subclasses of lipid-based nanoparticles such as: lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs)
Lipid-based_nanoparticle
Fat reducing drug
Lipid-lowering agents, also sometimes referred to as hypolipidemic agents, cholesterol-lowering drugs, or antihyperlipidemic agents are a diverse group
Lipid-lowering_agent
Panel of blood tests
A lipid profile or lipid panel is a panel of blood tests used to find abnormalities in blood lipid (such as cholesterol and triglycerides) concentrations
Lipid_profile
Medical hypothesis
The lipid hypothesis (also known as the cholesterol hypothesis) is a medical theory postulating a link between blood cholesterol levels and the occurrence
Lipid_hypothesis
Class of chemical compounds
In biochemistry, an ether lipid refers to any lipid in which the lipid "tail" group is attached to the glycerol backbone via an ether bond at any position
Ether_lipid
Reaction(s) leading to production of (phospho)lipid peroxides
Lipid peroxidation, or lipid oxidation, is a complex chemical process that leads to oxidative degradation of lipids, resulting in the formation of peroxide
Lipid_peroxidation
Lipid microdomains are formed when lipids undergo lateral phase separations yielding stable coexisting lamellar domains. These phase separations can be
Lipid_microdomain
American medical society
The National Lipid Association (NLA) is an American non-profit multidisciplinary medical society that aims to enhance the practice of lipid management in
National_Lipid_Association
Group of genetic diseases involving the harmful accumulation of lipids in cells
A lipid storage disorder (or lipidosis) is any one of a group of inherited metabolic disorders in which harmful amounts of fats or lipids accumulate in
Lipid_storage_disorder
Chemical compound
Lipid II is a precursor molecule in the synthesis of the cell wall of bacteria. It is a peptidoglycan, which is amphipathic and named for its bactoprenol
Lipid_II
Type of ion channel transmembrane protein
Lipid-gated ion channels are a class of ion channels whose conductance of ions through the membrane depends directly on lipids. Classically the lipids
Lipid-gated_ion_channels
Class of organic compounds
Phenolic lipids are a class of natural products composed of long aliphatic chains and phenolic rings. Phenolic lipids occur in plants, fungi and bacteria
Phenolic_lipid
Lipid molecules on cell membrane
Membrane lipids are a group of compounds (structurally similar to fats and oils) which form the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The three major classes
Membrane_lipid
Deuterated lipid molecules
Reinforced lipids are lipid molecules in which some of the fatty acids contain deuterium next to the double bonds. They can be used for the protection
Reinforced_lipids
Model of cell membranes
functional cell membranes. According to this biological model, there is a lipid bilayer (a two-molecule-thick layer consisting primarily of amphipathic
Fluid_mosaic_model
Annular lipids (also called shell lipids or boundary lipids) are a set of lipids or lipidic molecules which preferentially bind or stick to the surface
Annular_lipid_shell
Ability of lipids to aggregate into a variety of structured phases
In biophysics and colloidal chemistry, polymorphism is the ability of lipids to aggregate in a variety of ways, giving rise to structures of different
Lipid_polymorphism
Academic journal
It covers research on lipids in health and disease, including lipid function and the biochemical and genetic regulation of lipid metabolism. The journal
Journal_of_Lipid_Research
Pathological cells in lung
macrophages containing deposits of lipids (fats). The lipid content of the macrophages can be demonstrated using a lipid targeting stain like Oil Red O or
Lipid-laden alveolar macrophage
Lipid-laden_alveolar_macrophage
Protein–lipid interaction is the influence of membrane proteins on the lipid physical state or vice versa. The questions which are relevant to understanding
Protein–lipid_interaction
Lipid bilayer mechanics is the study of the physical material properties of lipid bilayers, classifying bilayer behavior with stress and strain rather
Lipid_bilayer_mechanics
Study of complete lipid profile in organisms
pathways and networks of cellular lipids in biological systems. The word "lipidome" is used to describe the complete lipid profile within a cell, tissue,
Lipidomics
Affinity of a molecule or a moiety for a lipophilic environment
"friendly") is the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene. Such compounds are called
Lipophilicity
Membrane protein
Lipid-anchored proteins (also known as lipid-linked proteins) are proteins that are covalently attached to lipids embedded into biological membranes.
Lipid-anchored_protein
Ability of lipid molecules to move within a bilayer relative to temperature
colloidal chemistry, one property of a lipid bilayer is the relative mobility (fluidity) of the individual lipid molecules and how this mobility changes
Lipid_bilayer_phase_behavior
Emulsion of fat for human intravenous use
Lipid emulsion or fat emulsion refers to an emulsion of fat for human intravenous use, to administer nutrients to critically-ill patients that cannot
Lipid_emulsion
Carboxylic acid
of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other
Fatty_acid
LIPID MAPS (Lipid Metabolites and Pathways Strategy) is a web portal designed to be a gateway to Lipidomics resources. The resource has spearheaded a
LIPID_MAPS
Abnormal amount of lipids in the blood
disorder characterized by abnormally high or low amounts of any or all lipids (e.g. fats, triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids) or lipoproteins in
Dyslipidemia
Enzyme
Lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase (EC 2.7.8.43, lipid A PEA transferase, LptA, formerly EC 2.7.4.30) is an enzyme that modifies Lipid A by linkage
Lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase
Lipid_A_phosphoethanolamine_transferase
A model lipid bilayer is any bilayer assembled in vitro, as opposed to the bilayer of natural cell membranes or covering various sub-cellular structures
Model_lipid_bilayer
Category of enzyme
Flippases are transmembrane lipid transporter proteins located in the cell membrane. They are responsible for aiding the movement of phospholipid molecules
Flippase
Life arising from non-living matter
the chemistry of carbon and water, and builds on four chemical families: lipids for cell membranes, carbohydrates such as sugars, amino acids for protein
Abiogenesis
A saponifiable lipid is part of the ester functional group. They are made up of long chain carboxylic (of fatty) acids connected to an alcoholic functional
Saponifiable_lipid
membrane biology, fusion is the process by which two initially distinct lipid bilayers merge their hydrophobic cores, resulting in one interconnected
Lipid_bilayer_fusion
Intramyocellular lipids (or IMCL) are fats stored in droplets in muscle cells. They provide an important energy source for working muscle. During exercise
Intramyocellular_lipids
Inflammatory disease involving a buildup of lesions in the walls of arteries
types can be distinguished: The fibro-lipid (fibro-fatty) plaque is characterized by an accumulation of lipid-laden cells underneath the intima of the
Atherosclerosis
Congenital autosomal recessive disorder
Neutral lipid storage disease (also known as Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome) is a congenital autosomal recessive disorder characterized by accumulation of
Neutral_lipid_storage_disease
Ability of cell membranes to deform elastically
two-dimensional fluid-like lipid bilayer where the lipid molecules can move freely. The proteins are partially or fully embedded in the lipid bilayer. Fully embedded
Elasticity_of_cell_membranes
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
shown to be responsible for lipid droplet's biogenesis, structure and degradation. In particular, Perilipin 5 is a lipid droplet-associated protein whose
Perilipin-5
Lipids in the blood, either free or bound to other molecules
Blood lipids (or blood fats) are lipids in the blood, either free or bound to other molecules. They are mostly transported in a phospholipid capsule,
Blood_lipids
Topic in membrane biology
Lipid fingerprints are unique lipid distributions around membrane proteins. They were first introduced by Siewert Marrink and Peter Tieleman et al., who
Lipid_fingerprint
Medical condition
Lipoid pneumonia, also known as lipid pneumonia, is a rare form of lung inflammation (pneumonia) that develops when lipids (fats) enter the bronchial tree
Lipid_pneumonia
Proteins that bind lipids to transport them in body fluids
proteins that bind lipids (oil-soluble substances such as fats, cholesterol and fat soluble vitamins) to form lipoproteins. They transport lipids in blood, cerebrospinal
Apolipoprotein
Enclosing or separating membrane in organisms acting as selective semi-permeable barrier
membrane fluidity environment of the lipid bilayer with the presence of an annular lipid shell, consisting of lipid molecules bound tightly to the surface
Biological_membrane
Composite structure formed by phospholipids
is a small artificial vesicle, spherical in shape, having at least one lipid bilayer. Due to their hydrophobicity and/or hydrophilicity, biocompatibility
Liposome
Medical condition
abnormal retention of fat (lipids) within a cell or organ. Steatosis most often affects the liver – the primary organ of lipid metabolism – where the condition
Steatosis
Family of waxy lipid molecules
eukaryotic cells, since they are component lipids that make up sphingomyelin, one of the major lipids in the lipid bilayer. Contrary to previous assumptions
Ceramide
Biological signaling using lipid molecules
Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological cell signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor
Lipid_signaling
Lipid bilayer characterization is the use of various optical, chemical and physical probing methods to study the properties of lipid bilayers. Many of
Lipid bilayer characterization
Lipid_bilayer_characterization
the lipid bilayer of cells, also known as cellular membranes. Synthetic membranes can be obtained by preparing aqueous solutions of certain lipids. The
Membrane_curvature
saturated lipids forming regions of lipid heterogeneity in cellular membranes (e.g., the ganglioside GM1). The association of proteins to lipid rafts is
Cholesterol_signaling
Viscosity of the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane
refers to the viscosity of the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane or a synthetic lipid membrane. The particular types of lipids present within the membrane
Membrane_fluidity
Biochemical assembly for transporting hydrophobic lipid molecules
biochemical assembly whose primary function is to transport hydrophobic lipid (also known as fat) molecules in water, as in blood plasma or other extracellular
Lipoprotein
Compound that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules
Alpha-tocopherol is the lipid-soluble antioxidant that protects membranes from oxidation by reacting with lipid radicals produced in the lipid peroxidation chain
Antioxidant
Protein in humans
Perilipin, also known as lipid droplet-associated protein, perilipin 1, or PLIN, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PLIN gene. The perilipins
Perilipin-1
Protein domain
Plant lipid transfer proteins, also known as plant LTPs or PLTPs, are a group of highly-conserved proteins of about 7-9kDa found in higher plant tissues
Plant_lipid_transfer_proteins
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
family of cytoplasmic lipid droplet (CLD)–binding proteins. In humans it is encoded by the PLIN2 gene. This protein surrounds the lipid droplet along with
Perilipin-2
Domain of organisms
Bacteria and Eukaryota, including: cell membranes made of ether-linked lipids; metabolisms such as methanogenesis; and a unique motility structure known
Archaea
Chemical compound
is termed a lipid divide. (The other part of the lipid divide is that archaea use ether lipids while bacteria and eukarya use ester lipids, though this
Glycerol_1-phosphate
Deuterium-reinforced lipids can be used for protecting living cells by slowing the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation. The lipid bilayer of the cell
Isotope effect on lipid peroxidation
Isotope_effect_on_lipid_peroxidation
Class of molecules found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
polysaccharide termed the O-antigen, an inner core oligosaccharide and lipid A (from which toxicity is largely derived), all covalently linked. In current
Lipopolysaccharide
Membrane proteins that adhere temporarily to membranes with which they are associated
integral membrane proteins, or penetrate the peripheral regions of the lipid bilayer. The regulatory protein subunits of many ion channels and transmembrane
Peripheral_membrane_protein
further reactions. Examples of chain reactions in living organisms are lipid peroxidation in cell membranes and propagation of excitation of neurons
Chain reactions in living organisms
Chain_reactions_in_living_organisms
Layer packing of chain molecules with polar and nonpolar ends in a bulk liquid
liquid, as sheets of bilayers separated by bulk liquid. In biophysics, polar lipids (mostly, phospholipids, and rarely, glycolipids) pack as a liquid crystalline
Lamellar_phase
Protein family
Lipid A deacylase (PagL) is an outer membrane protein with lipid A 3-O-deacylase activity. It forms an 8 stranded beta barrel structure. Rutten L, Geurtsen
Lipid_A_deacylase
Sense of chemicals on the tongue
taste receptor called the CD36 receptor. CD36 was targeted as a possible lipid taste receptor because it binds to fat molecules (more specifically, long-chain
Taste
Amphipathic Lipid Packing Sensor (ALPS) motifs were first identified in 2005 in ARFGAP1 and have been reviewed. The curving of a phospholipid bilayer
Amphipathic lipid packing sensor motifs
Amphipathic_lipid_packing_sensor_motifs
How drugs induce reversible suppression of consciousness
(palmitoylation) are targeted to the ordered lipids through a specific lipid-lipid interaction. The binding of palmitate to the lipid domain is cholesterol dependent
Theories of general anaesthetic action
Theories_of_general_anaesthetic_action
Sterol biosynthesized by all animal cells
causing the enzyme to traffic to cholesterol dependent lipid domains sometimes called "lipid rafts". The substrate of phospholipase D is phosphatidylcholine
Cholesterol
Type of programmed cell death
programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides. Ferroptosis is biochemically, genetically, and morphologically
Ferroptosis
Enzyme catalyzing transfer of phosphate groups onto specific substrates
(dephosphorylation). The phosphorylation state of a molecule, whether it be a protein, lipid or carbohydrate, can affect its activity, reactivity and its ability to
Kinase
Protein family
oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related proteins (ORPs) are a family of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). Concretely, they constitute a family of sterol
Oxysterol-binding_protein
Chemical compound
fluorescence when it is intercalated into lipid membranes. It incorporates itself into the lipid bilayer and acts like a lipid. 1,3,5-Hexatriene 1,6-Diphenyl-1
Diphenylhexatriene
Type of microbe that accumulates lipid as a normal part of its metabolism
microbe that accumulates lipid as a normal part of its metabolism. Oleaginous microbes may accumulate an array of different lipid compounds, including
Oleaginous_microorganism
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
different names including lipid particles, oil bodies, adiposomes, eicosasomes, and most prevalent in scientific research – lipid droplets. FITM2 one of
FITM2
Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) are formed as a byproduct of lipid peroxidation (i.e. as degradation products of fats) which can be detected
TBARS
Anesthesia resulting from effects on the lipid membrane
interaction with the lipid bilayer membrane. The relationship between volatile (inhalable) general anesthetics and the cellular lipid membrane has been well
Membrane-mediated_anesthesia
Biological process of breaking down food
of the outer membrane pinch off, forming spherical structures made of a lipid bilayer enclosing periplasmic materials. Vesicles from a number of bacterial
Digestion
Class of enzymes
Lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase (EC 2.4.99.12, KDO transferase, waaA (gene), kdtA (gene), 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid transferase
Lipid IVA 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase
Lipid_IVA_3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic_acid_transferase
Function-Spacer-Lipid (FSL) Kode constructs (Kode Technology) are amphiphatic, water dispersible biosurface engineering constructs that can be used to
Function-spacer-lipid Kode construct
Function-spacer-lipid_Kode_construct
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, a lipid-A-disaccharide synthase (EC 2.4.1.182) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)glucosamine
Lipid-A-disaccharide_synthase
Class of insect proteins
Lipophorin is a lipid-carrying protein of insects, first identified in 1981, and is the major lipoprotein in the plasma of insects. Lipophorin has been
Lipophorin
Protein family
peptide resistance and lipid A acylation protein PagP is a family of several bacterial antimicrobial peptide resistance and lipid A acylation (PagP) proteins
Lipid_A_acylase
with multiple lipid-transfer, lipid-binding or lipid-sensing proteins containing the FFAT motif, suggests that VAPs have a role in lipid transport at the
Membrane_contact_site
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
three major alleles of apolipoprotein E (APOE). APOE plays a major role in lipid-binding proteins in lipoprotein particles and the ε4 allele disrupts this
Alzheimer's_disease
indicated that this barrier membrane consisted of two molecular layers of lipids—a lipid bilayer. New tools over the next few decades confirmed this theory,
History of cell membrane theory
History_of_cell_membrane_theory
Class of chemical compounds
alkenones remains under debate although it is likely that they are storage lipids. Alkenones were first described in ocean sediments recovered from Walvis
Alkenone
Hypoxia inducible lipid droplet-associated (Hilpda, also known as C7orf68 and HIG-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HILPDA gene. HILPDA
Hilpda
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Surfactant protein B is an essential lipid-associated protein found in pulmonary surfactant. Without it, the lung would not be able to inflate after a
Surfactant_protein_B
Academic journal
Acids and Protein Synthesis, Enzymology and Biological Oxidation, Lipids and Lipid Metabolism and Mucoproteins and Mucopolysaccharides (ceased in 1965)
Biochimica_et_Biophysica_Acta
The lipid pump sequesters carbon from the ocean's surface to deeper waters via lipids associated with overwintering vertically migratory zooplankton.
Lipid_pump
LIPID
LIPID
LIPID
LIPID
Boy/Male
Indian, Parsi
First Month of Iranian Calendar
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil
Goddess of Beauty; Lovely Woman
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Omnipresent; Worshipped Everywhere
Male
English
Anglicized form of Welsh Iorwerth, YORATH means "handsome lord."
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Joy; Happiness; Sun Rise; Dawn
Boy/Male
Hindi
Grace of God.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Superior, Fame
Boy/Male
English French American
Steward or public official; man in charge.
Biblical
exaltation of help
Boy/Male
Muslim
Early morning fragrance, Entertaining companion, Wind
LIPID
LIPID
LIPID
LIPID
LIPID