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Lipid microdomains are formed when lipids undergo lateral phase separations yielding stable coexisting lamellar domains. These phase separations can be
Lipid_microdomain
Combination in the membranes of cells
biology, lipid rafts are specialized structures found in the plasma membranes of cells. They are believed to be glycolipoprotein lipid microdomains containing
Lipid_raft
S, Meldner S, Rehder K, Gröne HJ, Nordström V (September 2016). "Lipid microdomain modification sustains neuronal viability in models of Alzheimer's
Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease
Biochemistry_of_Alzheimer's_disease
Class of chemical compounds
associated with lipid microdomains in the plasma membrane known as lipid rafts. Lipid rafts are characterized by the lipid molecules being in the lipid ordered
Sphingomyelin
Type of autophagy
monomers at the lysosomal membrane occurs in discrete cholesterol-rich lipid microdomains of the lysosomal membrane and it is mediated by Cathepsin A and an
Chaperone-mediated_autophagy
Substance of biological origin that is soluble in nonpolar solvents
Emulsion test – Chemical Test Lipid microdomain Membrane lipid – Lipid molecules on cell membrane Lipidomics – Study of complete lipid profile in organisms Lipidome –
Lipid
Membrane protein
Lipid-anchored proteins (also known as lipid-linked proteins) are proteins that are covalently attached to lipids embedded into biological membranes.
Lipid-anchored_protein
Lipid-rich cellular organelle found mainly in adipose tissue
Albert (2013-12-23). "Acyl-CoA synthetase 3 promotes lipid droplet biogenesis in ER microdomains". The Journal of Cell Biology. 203 (6): 985–1001. doi:10
Lipid_droplet
Chemical compound
the generalized polarization and monitoring the reconstitution of lipid microdomains. The use of Laurdan as a fluorescent marker is to visualize and quantify
Laurdan
Protein family
theorized to possibly be spatially regulated via localization of lipid microdomains in the target membrane. Palmitoylated cysteine residues could be localized
SNARE_protein
Species of intracellular parasite
LPG causes disorganisation of F-actin and disruption of phagosomal lipid microdomains. They are capable of evading the microbicidal actions of macrophages
Leishmania_donovani
and have special functions. Simons coined the term 'lipid rafts' to describe these microdomains. This concept was developed over the years to be presented
Kai_Simons
Extremely potent neurotoxin
Both the ganglioside and the GPI-anchored protein are located in lipid microdomains and both are requisite for specific TeNT binding. Once it is bound
Tetanus_toxin
Biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from its outside environment
slow process. Lipid rafts and caveolae are examples of cholesterol-enriched microdomains in the cell membrane. Also, a fraction of the lipid in direct contact
Cell_membrane
Photochemical energy transfer mechanism
"Fluorescence-quenching and resonance energy transfer studies of lipid microdomains in model and biological membranes". Molecular Membrane Biology. 23
Förster resonance energy transfer
Förster_resonance_energy_transfer
Biological signaling using lipid molecules
However, ceramide can possibly interact with other lipids to form bigger regions called microdomains which restrict its flip-flopping abilities. This could
Lipid_signaling
Chaperone protein
(October 2004). "Sigma-1 receptors at galactosylceramide-enriched lipid microdomains regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation". Proceedings of the National
Sigma-1_receptor
Proteins associated with an ion channel
an ion channel. The channelosome is frequently clustered within a lipid microdomain or caveolae. This collection of proteins may be involved with anchoring
Channelosome
Michael B.; Parks, John S. (15 August 2011). "Intracellular Lipid Flux and Membrane Microdomains as Organizing Principles in Inflammatory Cell Signaling"
Cholesterol_signaling
Protein and coding gene in humans
(1): 14–21. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2011.151. PMID 22025085. In these lipid microdomains, podocin clusters and regulates the ion channel TRPC6 and it has been
TRPC6
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
membrane protein of pancreatic zymogen granules, and association with lipid microdomains". Biochem. J. 362 (Pt 2): 433–42. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3620433. PMC 1222404
GP2_(gene)
antigens. Researchers have created reconstituted liposomes with membrane microdomains enriched with epitope/MHC complexes to promote T cell proliferation.
Artificial antigen-presenting cell
Artificial_antigen-presenting_cell
Biochemical process in which fatty acids are derived from acetyl-CoA and NADPH
biophysical properties of the cellular membrane, such as membrane fluidity, microdomain formation, and the assembly of membrane-associated signaling platforms
Fatty_acid_synthesis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
involving the post synaptic lipid raft. Lipid rafts are microdomains that are enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids, lipid raft functions include membrane
BAALC
Topics referred to by the same term
(chemistry), reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer Lipid raft, a cholesterol-enriched microdomain in cell membranes Raft spider, a European spider of
Raft_(disambiguation)
bioactive lipid involved in cell signaling. It is associated with particular types of lipid rafts, also called glycolipid-enriched membrane microdomains, where
CDw17_antigen
Family of chemical compounds
Ceramide-based lipids self-aggregate in cell membranes and form separate phases less fluid than the bulk phospholipids. These sphingolipid-based microdomains, or
Sphingolipid
Type of lipid raft in endocytosis
(Latin for "little caves"; singular, caveola), which are a special type of lipid raft, are small (50–100 nanometer) invaginations of the plasma membrane
Caveolae
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
close physical association between the two organelles results in Ca2+ microdomains at contact points that enable efficient Ca2+ transmission from the ER
Mitochondria
System of communication
00572.2004. PMID 15890712. Lin JC, Duell K, Konopka JB (March 2004). "A microdomain formed by the extracellular ends of the transmembrane domains promotes
Cell_signaling
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Morishima I (2004). "Human neuroglobin interacts with flotillin-1, a lipid raft microdomain-associated protein". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 318 (2): 453–60
FLOT1
Geert; Parys, Jan B. (2016). "Intracellular Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ microdomains in the control of cell survival, apoptosis and autophagy". Cell Calcium
Ion channel hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease
Ion_channel_hypothesis_of_Alzheimer's_disease
Class of lipid compounds
anionic phospholipids important to cell signaling and direct activation of lipid-gated ion channels. Hydrolysis of phosphatidic acid gives rise to one molecule
Phosphatidic_acid
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
to membrane microdomains. SCIMP is also palmitoylated and is associated with tetraspanin-enriched mircrodomains (TEMs). TEMs, unlike lipid rafts, are based
SLP adaptor and CSK interacting membrane protein
SLP_adaptor_and_CSK_interacting_membrane_protein
Species of flavivirus causing West Nile fever
(2008-06-01). "West Nile Virus Entry Requires Cholesterol-Rich Membrane Microdomains and Is Independent of αvβ3 Integrin". Journal of Virology. 82 (11): 5212–5219
West_Nile_virus
Protein-coding gene in humans
"Aquaporin 3 colocates with phospholipase d2 in caveolin-rich membrane microdomains and is downregulated upon keratinocyte differentiation". The Journal
PLD2
Phosphoglyceride attached to proteins
to be preferentially located in lipid rafts, suggesting a high level of organization within plasma membrane microdomains.[citation needed] Defects in the
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Tetherin, also known as bone marrow stromal antigen 2, is a lipid raft associated protein that in humans is encoded by the BST2 gene. In addition, tetherin
Tetherin
Class of chemical compounds
of a variable hydrophobic ceramide lipid and a hydrophilic sugar moiety. Lactosylceramides are found in microdomains on the plasma layers of numerous cells
Lactosylceramide
Microscopy methods
grouped roughly as: Microtubules Live-cell intracellular organelles Lipid nano/microdomains Single virus assembly Time-dependent iSCAT (StroboSCAT) Single
Interferometric scattering microscopy
Interferometric_scattering_microscopy
Protein found in humans
Schlegel A, Lisanti MP, Okamoto T (April 1998). "Caveolae, plasma membrane microdomains for alpha-secretase-mediated processing of the amyloid precursor protein"
Caveolin_1
Embryonic signaling pathway for proper cell differentiation
may involve sequestration of the Ci protein-containing complex to a microdomain where the steps leading to Ci protein proteolysis are disrupted. The
Hedgehog_signaling_pathway
larger molecules (such as lipids) can also act as ligands. Lipid rafts in the plasma membrane act as membrane microdomains. They are enriched in cholesterol
Potocytosis
British neuroscientist and cell biologist
hairpin proteins coordinates cytoplasmic clients to spatially distinct microdomains of the ER membrane - Grants Awarded". Wellcome. Retrieved 2026-03-16
Jonathon_Nixon-Abell
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Solomon S, Masilamani M, Rajendran L, et al. (2002). "The lipid raft microdomain-associated protein reggie-1/flotillin-2 is expressed in human B cells
FLOT2
Protein-coding gene in Humans
fusion, entry, assembly, and budding occur at cholesterol-enriched microdomains called lipid rafts. The HIV-1 accessory protein, Nef, has been shown to induce
NPC1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
stabilization and maintenance of glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains. Alternative splicing produces four transcript variants which vary from
Myelin_and_lymphocyte_protein
Liquid found in cells
PMC 1847379. PMID 17347523. Wang SQ, Wei C, Zhao G (April 2004). "Imaging microdomain Ca2+ in muscle cells". Circ. Res. 94 (8): 1011–22. doi:10.1161/01.RES
Cytosol
Informal grouping of viruses
viral lipid envelopes (as is characteristic of all enveloped viruses). During this process HHV-6 utilizes lipid rafts, which are membranous microdomains enriched
Human_herpesvirus_6
Mammalian protein found in humans
Schlegel A, Lisanti MP, Okamoto T (Apr 1998). "Caveolae, plasma membrane microdomains for alpha-secretase-mediated processing of the amyloid precursor protein"
Amyloid-beta precursor protein
Amyloid-beta_precursor_protein
Group of exotoxins from bacteria
the CyaA toxin within the cell membrane into membrane microdomains enriched with cholesterol (lipid rafts) and translocation of the AC domain across the
RTX_toxin
Human protein and gene for T-cell signaling
LAT is a transmembrane protein localizes to lipid rafts (also known as glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains or GEMs) and acts as a docking site for SH2
Linker for activation of T cells
Linker_for_activation_of_T_cells
Long projection on a neuron that conducts signals to other neurons
axonal initial segment (AIS) is a structurally and functionally separate microdomain of the axon. One function of the initial segment is to separate the main
Axon
Tripartite protein complex secreted by virulent strains of Bacillus anthracis
glycosphigolipid-rich microdomains (lipid rafts) occurs when PA63 binds to the receptor and heptamerizes. Once the receptor and PA returns to the lipid raft, E3 ubiquitin
Anthrax_toxin
Involuntary non-striated muscle
this property. The sarcolemma also contains caveolae, which are microdomains of lipid rafts specialized to cell signaling events and ion channels. These
Smooth_muscle
Signal cascade used for cell to cell communication
2007). "Organization and Ca2+ Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclases in cAMP Microdomains". Physiological Reviews. 87 (3): 965–1010. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.336.3746
CAMP-dependent_pathway
Mammalian protein found in humans
collagen XXIII are usually found in lipid rafts, which are cholesterol-rich and sphingolipid-rich, tightly-packed microdomains of the cell membrane. Furin proteases
Collagen,_type_XXIII,_alpha_1
Human protein-encoding gene
sites allow them to organize on the membrane into tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEM). These TEMs are thought to play a role in many cellular processes
CD9
Mammalian protein found in humans
(GPI) anchor. Cholesterol-containing microdomains aid in CD59 activity by stimulating a "pinch point" in the lipid membrane during MAC assembly to prevent
CD59
Technique in fluorescence microscopy
Jahn; S. O. Rizzoli (2010). "Synaptic membrane proteins form stable microdomains in early endosomes". Microsc. Res. Tech. 73 (6): 606–617. doi:10.1002/jemt
STED_microscopy
Protein encoded by the DYSF gene in humans
evidence suggesting that the C2A domain plays a role in calcium-dependent lipid binding. Its ability to stabilize calcium signaling in the intact dysferlin
Dysferlin
Type of very-high-resolution microscopy
infrared nanospectroscopic and nanomechanical imaging of block copolymer microdomains". Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. 7 (1): 605–612. doi:10.3762/bjnano
Atomic_force_microscopy
Class of cell surface receptors coupled to G-protein-associated intracellular signaling
the receptor to cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich microdomains of the plasma membrane called lipid rafts. As many of the downstream transducer and effector
G_protein-coupled_receptor
Class of compounds
sulfatide and other myelin proteins and lipids to the myelinating membrane. MAL is also believed to form membrane microdomains (small regions on the membrane with
Sulfatide
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ligation-induced translocation and interaction of receptor subunits in lipid raft microdomains". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 32 (8): 1408–20. doi:10.1128/MCB
EMR2
Protein-coding gene in humans
(May 2000). "Phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains (PAG), a novel ubiquitously expressed transmembrane adaptor protein,
FYN
Chemical compound
In 1999, George and colleagues purified this factor from alcohol-soluble lipids and identified a 12-membered macrolactone with two polyketide side chains
Mycolactone
Protein found in humans
LE (August 1998). "LAT palmitoylation: its essential role in membrane microdomain targeting and tyrosine phosphorylation during T cell activation". Immunity
PLCG1
Protein that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light
Newton AC, Tsien RY (May 2002). "Partitioning of lipid-modified monomeric GFPs into membrane microdomains of live cells". Science. 296 (5569): 913–16. Bibcode:2002Sci
Green_fluorescent_protein
Immune system chemical weapon
signalling. Specificity is also ensured by NOX1 localisation in specific microdomains in the cell’s plasma membrane. Through channels such as aquaporin or
Respiratory_burst
Solution of amphiphilic molecules which has both fluid and crystalline properties
macroscopic liquid crystals, tactoids are formed, which are liquid crystal microdomains in an isotrophic phase. At higher amphiphile concentrations the micelles
Lyotropic_liquid_crystal
American biologist (1928–2019)
localize in both sarcolemmal and intracellular caveolin-3-associated microdomains in adult cardiac myocytes". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (35): 31036–44. doi:10
Marilyn_Farquhar
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Kilkus J, et al. (2005). "Differential regulation of ceramide in lipid-rich microdomains (rafts): antagonistic role of palmitoyl:protein thioesterase and
PPT1
Lymphocyte protein
Rasmusson BJ, Carpentier JL (February 2002). "p56Lck anchors CD4 to distinct microdomains on microvilli". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
Tyrosin-protein_kinase_Lck
Generating of neurons from neural stem cells in adults
zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles, which can be divided into three microdomains: lateral, dorsal and medial. Neural stem cells migrate to the olfactory
Adult_neurogenesis
Chemical compound
"HN1L/JPT2: A signaling protein that connects NAADP generation to Ca2+ microdomain formation". Science Signaling. 14 (675) eabd5647. doi:10.1126/scisignal
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinic_acid_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of the ganglioside-specific sialidase Neu3 with caveolin in membrane microdomains". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (29): 26252–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110515200. PMID 12011038
Sialidase-3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
for activation and allows microdomains to bind the channel, preventing KCNB1 from entering the plasma membrane. Microdomains localize KCNB1 in dendrites
KCNB1
Chemical compound
PIKfyve attaches the PAS complex onto Rab5GTP/PtdIns3P-enriched endosomal microdomains via its FYVE finger domain that selectively binds PtdIns3P. The essential
Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Phosphatidylinositol_3,5-bisphosphate
Mammalian protein found in humans
entry into murine hepatocytes. HIV gag proteins use tetraspanin enriched microdomains (containing minimally CD81, CD82, CD63) as a platform for virion assembly
CD81
LIPID MICRODOMAIN
LIPID MICRODOMAIN
LIPID MICRODOMAIN
LIPID MICRODOMAIN
LIPID MICRODOMAIN
LIPID MICRODOMAIN
LIPID MICRODOMAIN
LIPID MICRODOMAIN
LIPID MICRODOMAIN