AI & ChatGPT searches , social queriess for LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION
Search references for LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION. Phrases containing LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION
See searches and references containing LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION!
Search references for LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION. Phrases containing LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION
See searches and references containing LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION!LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION
learning vector quantization (LVQ) is a prototype-based supervised classification algorithm. LVQ is the supervised counterpart of vector quantization
Learning_vector_quantization
Classical quantization technique from signal processing
Vector quantization (VQ) is a classical quantization technique from signal processing that allows the modeling of probability density functions by the
Vector_quantization
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
Inductive logic programming Instance-based learning Lazy learning Learning Automata Learning Vector Quantization Logistic Model Tree Minimum message length
Outline_of_machine_learning
Type of database that uses vectors to represent other data
A vector database, vector store or vector search engine is a database that stores and retrieves embeddings of data in vector space. Vector databases typically
Vector_database
Online vector quantization algorithm
TurboQuant is an online vector quantization algorithm for compressing high-dimensional Euclidean vectors while preserving their geometric structure. It
TurboQuant
Categorization of data using statistics
descriptions of redirect targets Learning vector quantization Linear classifier – Statistical classification in machine learning Fisher's linear discriminant –
Statistical_classification
Type of machine learning model
calibration phase), and dynamic quantization if the quantization is applied during inference. The simplest form of quantization simply truncates all the parameters
Large_language_model
Classification of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
topology from the output space, and SOM attempts to preserve these. Learning vector quantization (LVQ) can be interpreted as a neural network architecture. Prototypical
Types of artificial neural networks
Types_of_artificial_neural_networks
component analysis Learning vector quantization Leabra Linde–Buzo–Gray algorithm Lloyd's algorithm Local outlier factor Logic learning machine LogitBoost
List of artificial intelligence algorithms
List_of_artificial_intelligence_algorithms
Machine learning paradigm
method of data handling Kernel estimators Learning automata Learning classifier systems Learning vector quantization Minimum message length (decision trees
Supervised_learning
Converting classical mechanics to quantum mechanics
realization that is today understood as first quantization. To understand the term first quantization one must first understand what it means for something
First_quantization
Method of machine learning
Theory Hierarchical temporal memory k-nearest neighbor algorithm Learning vector quantization Perceptron Liang, Juhao; Wang, Ziwei; Ma, Zhuoheng; Li, Jianquan;
Online_machine_learning
Model-free reinforcement learning algorithm
"QuaRL: Quantization for Fast and Environmentally Sustainable Reinforcement Learning". arXiv:1910.01055 [cs.LG]. Watkins, C.J.C.H. (1989). Learning from
Q-learning
Vector quantization algorithm minimizing the sum of squared deviations
k-means clustering is a method of vector quantization, originally from signal processing, that aims to partition n observations into k clusters in which
K-means_clustering
Form of unsupervised learning in artificial neural networks
competitive learning include vector quantization and self-organizing maps (Kohonen maps). There are three basic elements to a competitive learning rule: A
Competitive_learning
Technique for the generative modeling of a continuous probability distribution
Fang; Zhang, Bo; Chen, Dongdong; Yuan, Lu; Guo, Baining (2021). "Vector Quantized Diffusion Model for Text-to-Image Synthesis". arXiv:2111.14822 [cs
Diffusion_model
Machine learning technique useful for dimensionality reduction
best-matching nodes an input has in the map. Deep learning Hybrid Kohonen self-organizing map Learning vector quantization Liquid state machine Neocognitron Neural
Self-organizing_map
Mathematical approximation
lp-norms and their smooth approximations for gradient based learning vector quantization," in Proc. ESANN, Apr. 2014, pp. 271-276. (https://www.elen.ucl
Smooth_maximum
Quantum mechanical operator related to rotational symmetry
{\displaystyle \hbar } is reduced Planck constant: A common way to derive the quantization rules above is the method of ladder operators. The ladder operators for
Angular_momentum_operator
Finnish computer scientist (1934–2021)
the Learning Vector Quantization algorithm, fundamental theories of distributed associative memory and optimal associative mappings, the learning subspace
Teuvo_Kohonen
Approach to training in machine learning
for OCC are, k-means clustering, learning vector quantization, self-organizing maps, etc. The basic Support Vector Machine (SVM) paradigm is trained
One-class_classification
Set of learning techniques in machine learning
(AutoML) Deep learning Geometric feature learning Feature detection (computer vision) Feature extraction Word embedding Vector quantization Variational
Feature_learning
Approximate nearest neighbor search algorithm
Redis. Approximate nearest neighbor search Vector database Locality-sensitive hashing Product quantization Malkov, Yury A; Yashunin, Dmitry A (1 April
Hierarchical navigable small world
Hierarchical_navigable_small_world
quality. The latent vectors produced by the encoder are quantized using residual vector quantization (RVQ). In RVQ, the latent vector is approximated by
EnCodec
Image processing technique
In computer graphics, color quantization or color image quantization is quantization applied to color spaces; it is a process that reduces the number of
Color_quantization
Software library for LLM inference
inference on edge devices, such as: Ahead of time model quantization and on-the-fly kv-cache quantization. Speculative decoding. Partial offloading of model
Llama.cpp
Artificial neural network algorithm
of competitive learning include vector quantization and self-organizing maps (Kohonen maps). Machine learning Decision tree learning Pattern recognition
Learning_rule
Approach to artificial intellegence
Various fuzzy membership generation algorithms can be used: Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), Fuzzy Kohonen Partitioning (FKP) or Discrete Incremental
Neuro-fuzzy
Overview of and topical guide to deep learning
distillation Low-rank approximation Mixture of experts Quantization Sparsity Adversarial machine learning AI alignment Algorithmic bias Catastrophic forgetting
Outline_of_deep_learning
Method of machine learning
The following are some prototype methods K-means clustering Learning vector quantization (LVQ) Gaussian mixtures While K-nearest neighbor's does not use
Prototype_methods
Lossy speech audio codec developed by Google
latency. The encoder calculates a log mel spectrogram and performs vector quantization to store the spectrogram in a data stream. The decoder is a WaveNet
Lyra_(codec)
Compact encoding of digital data
Sub-band coding Transform coding TurboQuant Vector quantization Wavelet compression Wavelet scalar quantization Warped linear predictive coding Data conversion
Data_compression
Interdisciplinary research area
Quantum machine learning (QML) is the study of quantum algorithms for machine learning. It often refers to quantum algorithms for machine learning tasks which
Quantum_machine_learning
Predecessor to modern quantum mechanics (1900–1925)
orientations, so that the process of quantization does not pick out a preferred axis. For this reason, the name "space quantization" fell out of favor, and the
Old_quantum_theory
Interdisciplinary field of study
listed below: Artificial neural network (ANN) Support vector machine (SVM) Learning vector quantization (LVQ) Decision tree Random forest k-nearest neighbors
Astroinformatics
Smooth approximation of one-hot arg max
the language of tropical analysis, the softmax is a deformation or "quantization" of arg max and arg min, corresponding to using the log semiring instead
Softmax_function
Research field that lies at the intersection of machine learning and computer security
(2011). "Support vector machines under adversarial label noise". Journal of Machine Learning Research – Proc. 3rd Asian Conf. Machine Learning. 20: 97–112
Adversarial_machine_learning
Representation in natural language processing
average of word vectors, known as continuous bag-of-words (CBOW). However, more elaborate solutions based on word vector quantization have also been proposed
Sentence_embedding
Decentralized machine learning
bandwidth during training through sparsification and quantization methods, where the machine learning models are sparsified and/or compressed before they
Federated_learning
Metric for evaluating open-ended text generation
machine-generated text are mapped into a vector space using a pre-trained transformer model. Vector quantization: the continuous embeddings are clustered
MAUVE_(metric)
Voice conversion software
Wang, Zili (2021). VQMIVC: Vector Quantization and Mutual Information-Based Unsupervised Disentangled Representation Learning for One-Shot Voice Conversion
Retrieval-based Voice Conversion
Retrieval-based_Voice_Conversion
Overview of and topical guide to algorithms
Discrete cosine transform Modified discrete cosine transform Vector quantization Quantization Motion compensation Convex hull algorithms Graham scan Gift
Outline_of_algorithms
Property of space that quantifies the magnetic influence at a given location
mathematically by assigning a vector to each point of space, making it a vector field. There are two different, but closely related, vector fields which are called
Magnetic_field
Collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface
of techniques such as linear regression, k-nearest neighbor, learning vector quantization, decision tree analysis, random forests, naive Bayes, logistic
DNA_microarray
Phenomenon in machine learning
Liu, Dianbo (2024-11-25), Representation Collapsing Problems in Vector Quantization, arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.2411.16550, arXiv:2411.16550, retrieved
Representation_collapse
Machine learning model for vision processing
of vectors, one for each patch. The vectors can only come from a discrete set of "codebook", as in vector quantization. Another encodes the quantized vectors
Vision_transformer
Artificial neural network
gas within the data space. It is applied where data compression or vector quantization is an issue, for example speech recognition, image processing or
Neural_gas
Quasiparticle of mechanical vibrations
mechanical quantization of the modes of vibrations for elastic structures of interacting particles. Phonons can be thought of as quantized sound waves
Phonon
Computer scientist
batch-mode vector quantization (simply called, vector quantization) and the successive-mode vector quantization (or, called learning vector quantization). A
Yasuo_Matsuyama
Method in computer arithmetic
"BFP16 (Block floating point) Quantization — AMD Quark 0.10 documentation". quark.docs.amd.com. "Intel Advanced Vector Extensions 10.2 (Intel AVX10.2)
Block_floating_point
1980) is an iterative vector quantization algorithm to improve a small set of vectors (codebook) to represent a larger set of vectors (training set), such
Linde–Buzo–Gray_algorithm
Statistical machine learning algorithm for metric learning
transformations and improved regularization. Similarity learning Linear discriminant analysis Learning vector quantization Pseudometric space Nearest neighbor search
Large_margin_nearest_neighbor
Description of a quantum-mechanical system
quantum mechanics can be appreciated in a single dimension. In canonical quantization, the classical variables x {\displaystyle x} and p {\displaystyle p}
Schrödinger_equation
Difficulties arising when analyzing data with many aspects ("dimensions")
Machine Learning Research. 11: 2487–2531. Radovanović, M.; Nanopoulos, A.; Ivanović, M. (2010). On the existence of obstinate results in vector space models
Curse_of_dimensionality
Foundation model allowing control of robot actions
instance, in RT-2, each action vector covers 6-DoF in addition to the gripper state and a termination flag, all quantized into 256 bins. VLAs usually rely
Vision–language–action_model
16-bit computer number format
Mesh quantization can also be done with 8-bit or 16-bit fixed precision depending on the requirements. Hardware and software for machine learning and neural
Half-precision floating-point format
Half-precision_floating-point_format
Varying physical quantity that conveys information
result, the values of such a signal must be quantized into a finite set for practical representation. Quantization is the process of converting a continuous
Signal
Tree-based ensemble machine learning methods
Number 78642027 :: Justia Trademarks". Amit Y, Geman D (1997). "Shape quantization and recognition with randomized trees" (PDF). Neural Computation. 9 (7):
Random_forest
Algorithms for matrix decomposition
mainly for parts-based decomposition of images. It compares NMF to vector quantization and principal component analysis, and shows that although the three
Non-negative matrix factorization
Non-negative_matrix_factorization
Technique to reduce dimensionality of points in Euclidean space
memory efficient estimation and learning methods. The Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma states that large sets of vectors in a high-dimensional space can be
Random_projection
or photographic images Vector quantization: technique often used in lossy data compression TurboQuant: online vector quantization algorithm for lossy compression
List_of_algorithms
Image dataset
Jorge Sanchez. The system was another linear SVM, running on quantized Fisher vectors. It achieved 74.2% in top-5 accuracy. In 2012, a deep convolutional
ImageNet
Estimate of an unobservable underlying probability density function
Parzen windows and a range of data clustering techniques, including vector quantization. The most basic form of density estimation is a rescaled histogram
Density_estimation
Mathematical structures that allow quantum mechanics to be explained
renormalization of the norm). This is related to the quantization of constrained systems and quantization of gauge theories. It is also possible to formulate
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
Mathematical_formulation_of_quantum_mechanics
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
the most mathematically simple example where restraints lead to the quantization of energy levels. The box is defined as having zero potential energy
Quantum_mechanics
Algorithmic production of digital images
methods, using Markov fields, non-parametric sampling, tree-structured vector quantization and image analogies are some of the simplest and most successful
Texture_synthesis
indexed by a lower-bit-depth image (typically 4–8 bits), a form of vector quantization. Color bleeding Unwanted effect in texture mapping. A color from
Glossary_of_computer_graphics
Theory of interwoven space and time by Albert Einstein
lightlike 4-vector is orthogonal to itself. Invariance of the magnitude of a vector: The magnitude of a vector is the inner product of a 4-vector with itself
Special_relativity
Italian mathematician
Poisson and coisotropic structures with applications to deformation quantization. Lately Toën and Vezzosi (partly in collaboration with Anthony Blanc
Gabriele_Vezzosi
Optimization problem in computer science
The optimal compression technique in multidimensional spaces is Vector Quantization (VQ), implemented through clustering. The database is clustered and
Nearest_neighbor_search
Study of still or slow electric charges
and relative permittivity, the electric polarizability of materials. Quantization of charge, the charge units carried by electrons or protons. Static electricity
Electrostatics
Formulation of quantum mechanics
mathematical offshoots such as Kontsevich's deformation-quantization (see Kontsevich quantization formula) and noncommutative geometry.[citation needed]
Phase-space_formulation
Grouping a set of objects by similarity
364–366. doi:10.1093/comjnl/20.4.364. Lloyd, S. (1982). "Least squares quantization in PCM". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 28 (2): 129–137. Bibcode:1982ITIT
Cluster_analysis
Mathematical signal manipulation by computers
amplitude inaccuracies (quantization error), created by the abstract process of sampling. Numerical methods require a quantized signal, such as those produced
Digital_signal_processing
1922 physical experiment demonstrating that atomic spin is quantized
to their quantized spin. Historically, this experiment was decisive in convincing physicists of the reality of angular-momentum quantization in all atomic-scale
Stern–Gerlach_experiment
Deep neural network for generating raw audio
other. The January 2019 follow-up paper Unsupervised speech representation learning using WaveNet autoencoders details a method to successfully enhance the
WaveNet
American academic
Kim, A. Schwing, M. Annavaram, and A. S. Avestimehr, “GradiVeQ: Vector Quantization for Bandwidth-Efficient Gradient Aggregation in Distributed CNN Training
Salman_A._Avestimehr
Machine learning model for speech
Whisper is a machine learning model for speech recognition and transcription, created by OpenAI and first released as open-source software in September
Whisper (speech recognition system)
Whisper_(speech_recognition_system)
Methods of estimating differential entropy given some observations
histogram of the observations, and then finding the discrete entropy of a quantization of x {\displaystyle x} H ( X ) = − ∑ i = 1 n f ( x i ) log ( f ( x
Entropy_estimation
Mathematical entity to describe the probability of each possible measurement on a system
represented as a vector in a Hilbert space. Mixed states are statistical mixtures of pure states and cannot be represented as vectors on that Hilbert space
Quantum_state
American linguist
Smolensky, Paul; Goldrick, Matthew; Mathis, Donald (2014). "Optimization and quantization in gradient symbol systems: A framework for integrating the continuous
Paul_Smolensky
Hardware device or software which changes the pitch or timbre of the user's voice
Shikano, K.; Kuwabara, H. (April 1988). "Voice conversion through vector quantization". ICASSP-88., International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and
Voice_changer
Distortion of media caused by lossy data compression
after reconstruction. Because this quantization process is applied individually in each block, neighboring blocks quantize coefficients differently. This
Compression_artifact
Hypothetical elementary particle that mediates gravity
detecting single gravitons possible. Even quantum events may not indicate quantization of gravitational radiation. LIGO and Virgo collaborations' observations
Graviton
Lowest possible energy of a quantum system or field
"particles" are actually created: spontaneous emission. Dirac described the quantization of the electromagnetic field as an ensemble of harmonic oscillators with
Zero-point_energy
Relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation
Dirac fermion wavefunction. In the second quantization form of quantum field theory the Dirac spinor is quantized to be an operator-valued spinor field ψ
Dirac_equation
Average uncertainty in variable's states
distribution is to describe than a distribution that is uniform over its quantization scheme. Another useful measure of entropy that works equally well in
Entropy_(information_theory)
Density-based data clustering algorithm
analysis – Grouping a set of objects by similarity k-means clustering – Vector quantization algorithm minimizing the sum of squared deviations While minPts intuitively
DBSCAN
Elementary particles with a spin of 1/2
axis, such as the z-axis, is quantized in terms of a magnetic quantum number, which can be viewed as a quantization of a vector component of this total angular
Spin_1/2
cryptographic hash of the quantized biometric measurement and the "helper data", in which the helper data is used to bias the quantization process. According
Private_biometrics
Formulation of quantum mechanics
way) is easier to achieve than in the operator formalism of canonical quantization. Unlike previous methods, the path integral allows one to easily change
Path_integral_formulation
Lossy audio compression applied to human speech
processing Speech interface guideline Speech processing Speech synthesis Vector quantization Arjona Ramírez, M.; Minam, M. (2003). "Low bit rate speech coding"
Speech_coding
Quantum analog of probabilistic automata
finite automata can also be understood as the quantization of subshifts of finite type, or as a quantization of Markov chains. QFAs are, in turn, special
Quantum_finite_automaton
Mathematical description of quantum state
For example: Linear algebra explains how a vector space can be given a basis, and then any vector in the vector space can be expressed in this basis. This
Wave_function
Known channel properties of a communication link
in between these two levels; instantaneous CSI with some estimation/quantization error is combined with statistical information. In a narrowband flat-fading
Channel_state_information
Hydrodynamic formulation of the Schrödinger equations
are not equivalent to Schrödinger's equation without the addition of a quantization condition. Recently, the extension to the relativistic case with spin
Madelung_equations
Process which assigns captioning to a digital image
analysis in the form of extracted feature vectors and the training annotation words are used by machine learning techniques to attempt to automatically apply
Automatic_image_annotation
Gong, Yunchao, and Svetlana Lazebnik. "Iterative quantization: A procrustean approach to learning binary codes." Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
List of datasets in computer vision and image processing
List_of_datasets_in_computer_vision_and_image_processing
Formulation of quantum mechanics
multiple of the Planck constant ( h ) as described by the Sommerfeld-Wilson quantization condition ∫ 0 T P d X d t d t = ∫ 0 T P d X = n h . {\displaystyle
Matrix_mechanics
Method by which information is represented in the brain
decoding Neural oscillation Receptive field Sparse distributed memory Vector quantization Representational drift Brown EN, Kass RE, Mitra PP (May 2004). "Multiple
Neural_coding
LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION
LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION
Boy/Male
American, British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hindu, Indian, Irish, Jamaican, Latin, Romanian, Slovenia, Spanish, Swedish, Swiss, Tamil, Ukrainian
Victorious; Conqueror; Winner; Champion; One who Conquers; Victory
Male
Scandinavian
 Scandinavian form of Roman Latin Victor, VIKTOR means "conqueror." Compare with another form of Viktor.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : Anglicized form of the Gaelic personal name Eachann (earlier Eachdonn, already confused with Norse Haakon), composed of the elements each ‘horse’ + donn ‘brown’.English : found in Yorkshire and Scotland, where it may derive directly from the medieval personal name. According to medieval legend, Britain derived its name from being founded by Brutus, a Trojan exile, and Hector was occasionally chosen as a personal name, as it was the name of the Trojan king’s eldest son. The classical Greek name, HektÅr, is probably an agent derivative of Greek ekhein ‘to hold back’, ‘hold in check’, hence ‘protector of the city’.German, French, and Dutch : from the personal name (see 2 above). In medieval Germany, this was a fairly popular personal name among the nobility, derived from classical literature. It is a comparatively rare surname in France.
Boy/Male
Australian, Basque, Czech, Czechoslovakian, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Polish, Slovenia, Swedish, Swiss, Ukrainian
The Conqueror; Victory; Victorious; Conquer
Male
English
Roman Latin name VICTOR means "conqueror."Â
Male
Portuguese
Galician-Portuguese form of Roman Latin Victor, VITOR means "conqueror."
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latin, Portuguese, Shakespearean, Spanish
Steadfast; Anchor; Holds Fast; Star; Coined from Esther Vanhomrigh; Tenacious; Defend; Hold Fast; Coined from Esther Vanho
Male
Russian
(Cyrillic Виктор): Slavic form of Roman Latin Victor, VIKTOR means "conqueror." In use by the Bulgarians, Russians and Serbians. Compare with another form of Viktor.
Boy/Male
Spanish American Shakespearean Greek Latin
Tenacious.
Boy/Male
Spanish
Victor.
Male
Portuguese
Portuguese form of Latin Hector, HEITOR means "defend; hold fast."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Lanning.
Male
English
Short form of English Sylvester, VESTER means "from the forest."
Male
Greek
(á¼ÎºÏ„ωÏ) Variant spelling of Greek Hektor, EKTOR means "defend; hold fast."
Male
Arthurian
, sir Hector de Maris; (defender).
Boy/Male
English American
Doctor; teacher.
Boy/Male
Latin American Spanish
Conqueror.
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Conqueror
Male
English
 Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Eachann, HECTOR means "brown horse." Compare with another form of Hector.
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Steadfast
LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION
LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION
Male
Italian
Florentine Italian form of Latin Angelus, ANGIOLO means "angel, messenger."
Biblical
east; brightness
Girl/Female
British, English, Italian, Portuguese, Swedish
Follower of Christ
Boy/Male
Arabic
Full moon.
Boy/Male
German
Peaceful Hun.
Boy/Male
Latin
A Greek poet.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rajvardan | ராஜà¯à®µà®¾à®°à¯à®¤à®¨Â
Super king
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Gaelic, Irish, Norse, Swedish
Spear; Small One
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
A Star
Girl/Female
Indian, Kannada, Sindhi, Telugu
Singer; Singing Song; Melody
LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION
LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION
LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION
LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION
LEARNING VECTOR-QUANTIZATION
n.
The chief elective officer of some universities, as in France and Scotland; sometimes, the head of a college; as, the Rector of Exeter College, or of Lincoln College, at Oxford.
n.
The ratio of one vector to another in length, no regard being had to the direction of the two vectors; -- so called because considered as a stretching factor in changing one vector into another. See Versor.
n.
An African weaver bird (Textor alector).
a.
Of or pertaining to victory, or a victor' being a victor; bringing or causing a victory; conquering; winning; triumphant; as, a victorious general; victorious troops; a victorious day.
n.
A directed quantity, as a straight line, a force, or a velocity. Vectors are said to be equal when their directions are the same their magnitudes equal. Cf. Scalar.
n.
A pregnant woman; a mother; as, A has a son B by one venter, and a daughter C by another venter; children by different venters.
n.
Purport; meaning; intended significance; aspect.
a.
Guiding; directing; controlling; foremost; as, a leading motive; a leading man; a leading example.
n.
Same as Radius vector.
n.
The acquisition of knowledge or skill; as, the learning of languages; the learning of telegraphy.
v. t.
To confer a doctorate upon; to make a doctor.
n.
A woman who wins a victory; a female victor.
n.
The knowledge or skill received by instruction or study; acquired knowledge or ideas in any branch of science or literature; erudition; literature; science; as, he is a man of great learning.
n.
The turning factor of a quaternion.
n.
A term made up of the two parts / + /1 /-1, where / and /1 are vectors.
v. t.
To tamper with and arrange for one's own purposes; to falsify; to adulterate; as, to doctor election returns; to doctor whisky.
a.
Pertaining to a rector or a rectory; rectoral.
n.
The act, or state, of inclining; inclination; tendency; as, a leaning towards Calvinism.
pl.
of Earning
n.
A belly, or protuberant part; a broad surface; as, the venter of a muscle; the venter, or anterior surface, of the scapula.