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Change of a community's language over time
Language shift, also known as language transfer, language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a speech community shifts to a different
Language_shift
change and language shift. In some areas, there is no reliable census data, the data is not current, or the census may not record languages spoken, or
List of languages by number of native speakers
List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers
Effort to promote an endangered language or revive a dead language
Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language
Language_revitalization
change and language shift. In some areas, there are no reliable census data, the data are not current, or the census may not record languages spoken or
List of languages by total number of speakers
List_of_languages_by_total_number_of_speakers
Language that is at risk of going extinct
endangered language or moribund language is a language that is at risk of disappearing as its speakers die out or shift to speaking other languages. Language loss
Endangered_language
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Shift or shift in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Shift may refer to: Shift (series), a 2008 online video game series by Armor Games Need for
Shift
West Germanic language
War. It has recently taken on the nature of wholesale language shift, sometimes also termed language change, convergence or merger. By the end of the twentieth
Scots_language
Process in which a language eventually loses its last native speaker
process of cultural assimilation leading to language shift and the gradual abandonment of a native language in favour of a foreign lingua franca, largely
Language_death
Indo-Aryan language native to Sindh
the Sociology of Language (130). doi:10.1515/ijsl.1998.130.67. Retrieved 6 June 2025. Khemlani-David, Maya (1999). "Language shift amongst the Sindhis
Sindhi_language
Language that no longer has any first-language or second-language speakers
process of cultural assimilation leading to language shift, and the gradual abandonment of a native language in favor of a foreign lingua franca. As of
Extinct_language
Character encoding
Turkish and a number of languages used in India written with a Brahmic scripts may use 7-bit encoding with national language shift table defined in 3GPP
GSM_03.38
Pronunciation change in English between 1350 and 1700
transcription delimiters. The Great Vowel Shift was a series of pronunciation changes in the vowels of the English language that took place primarily between
Great_Vowel_Shift
Indigenous language of South America
unique among American languages; language shift towards European colonial languages (in this case, the other official language of Spanish) has otherwise
Guarani_language
Series of sound changes affecting some West Germanic languages
Germanic dialect continuum. The shift is used to distinguish High German from other continental West Germanic languages, namely Low Franconian (including
High_German_consonant_shift
Kuwaiti citizens of Iranian descent
on Trade and Seafaring – Perspectives from Iran and Kuwait Language Maintenance or Shift? An Ethnographic Investigation of the Use of Farsi among Kuwaiti
'Ajam_of_Kuwait
Modification or development of a language
Language change is the process of alteration in the features of a single language, or of languages in general, over time. It is studied in several subfields
Language_change
have been many language revitalization strategies implemented in order to create a language shift to try to reverse this language shift. Literature projects
Languages_of_Mexico
Autonomous community and province of Spain
of Navarre, Spanish is the official language of Navarre, while the Basque language is also the official language in Basque-Speaking areas. Unlike any
Navarre
Subfamily of the Japonic languages
these languages remain, but language shift toward the use of Standard Japanese and dialects like Okinawan Japanese has resulted in these languages becoming
Ryukyuan_languages
Migrations of Indo-Aryans into the Indian subcontinent
Harappan period and led to a language shift in the northern Indian subcontinent. Several hundred years later, the Iranian languages were brought into the Iranian
Indo-Aryan_migrations
Berber language of northern Algeria
urban Kabyles in Algeria are increasingly shifting to Arabic and diaspora Kabyles to the surrounding language. A 2013 study found that 54% of Kabyles living
Kabyle_language
Language family spoken in Egypt and Sudan
and language shift toward Arabic has been documented in a number of communities. Nubian should not be confused with the various Nuba languages spoken
Nubian_languages
Shift operator in computer programming
In computer programming, an arithmetic shift is a shift operator, sometimes termed a signed shift (though it is not restricted to signed operands). The
Arithmetic_shift
Language family
structural features in Indic is language shift, that is, native Dravidian speakers learning and adopting Indic languages due to elite dominance. Although
Dravidian_languages
Romance language
nowadays, with French being the majority language for the inhabitants after a continued process of language shift. According to a 2019 survey by the Catalan
Catalan_language
Dialect of the Lao language
the language. Despite its vigorous usage, since the mid-20th century, the language has been undergoing a slow relexification by Thai or language shift to
Isan_language
Ancient Indo-European-speaking peoples of Anatolia
final survivor of the Anatolian branch. This was a long process of language shift and cultural integration rather than the physical disappearance of the
Anatolian_peoples
Celtic language
viable resistance to total language shift from Gaelic to English. Currently, language policies are focused on creating new language speakers through education
Scottish_Gaelic
Dravidian language
Hindu. 28 October 2005. Language Shift in the Tamil Communities of Malaysia and Singapore: the Paradox of Egalitarian Language Policy, Ccat.sas.upenn.edu
Tamil_language
Japonic language
leaves a mark should no longer stain: Progressive erasure and reversing language shift activities in the Ryukyu Islands", Archived 2011-05-16 at the Wayback
Japanese_language
Italo-Dalmatian language
at least a working-knowledge of French. The 20th century saw a vast language shift, with the islanders adapting and changing their communications to the
Corsican_language
Northern Ryukyuan language
Sho hōgen). Okinawan speakers are undergoing language shift as they switch to Japanese, since language use in Okinawa today is far from stable. Okinawans
Okinawan_language
Tibeto-Burman language
language, was the principal language of Lower Burma, employed by the Mon people who inhabited the region. Lower Burma's shift from Mon to Burmese was accelerated
Burmese_language
Austronesian languages of Taiwan
However, only 35% speak their ancestral language, due to centuries of language shift. Of the approximately 26 languages of the Taiwanese Indigenous peoples
Formosan_languages
European Bronze Age culture
between language and access to positions of prestige and power [...] A relatively small immigrant elite population can encourage widespread language shift among
Corded_Ware_culture
French-based creole in Louisiana
Its sister language is Louisiana French, a dialect of the French language. Many Louisiana Creoles do not speak the Louisiana Creole language and may instead
Louisiana_Creole
Systematic change in the pronunciation of the vowel sounds of a language
vowel shift is a systematic sound change in the pronunciation of the vowel sounds of a language. The best-known example in the English language is the
Vowel_shift
Indo-Aryan language spoken in Bangladesh and India
consider it as a "corrupt" form of Bengali, and there is a reported language shift from Sylheti to Standard Bengali in Bangladesh, India and the diaspora;
Sylheti_language
Bit-level computer operation
logical shift is a bitwise operation that shifts all the bits of its operand. The two base variants are the logical left shift and the logical right shift. This
Logical_shift
Indo-Aryan language of Pakistan and India
Dynamics among Pahari Speakers: Trends in Language Use and Shift over Time". Pakistan Languages and Humanities Review. 7 (3): 996–1013. doi:10.47205/plhr
Pahari_(Poonchi)
Someone who can fully understand a language but not productively speak it
language). Such speakers are especially common in language shift communities where speakers of a declining language do not acquire active competence. For example
Passive_speaker_(language)
Script used to write the Aramaic language
empires and their subjects underwent linguistic Aramaization during a language shift for governing purposes — a precursor to Arabization centuries later
Aramaic_alphabet
Celtic language native to Cornwall
Rebuilding the Celtic Languages: Reversing Language Shift in the Celtic Countries. Y Lolfa. p. 242. ISBN 0862437237 – via Google Books. "Language in England and
Cornish_language
Tungusic language of eastern Russia and China
northern group of Tungusic languages, a group which also includes Even, Negidal, and the more closely related Oroqen language. The name is sometimes wrongly
Evenki_language
Computer science topic
during the first shift, ready to shift in during the second shift without any extra preparation. In C and C++ languages, the logical shift operators are
Bitwise_operation
West Germanic language spoken by Ashkenazi Jews
historically referred to as Judeo-German or Jewish German, is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated in the Holy Roman
Yiddish
South Korean video game company
Shift Up Corporation (stylized in all caps; Korean: 시프트업) is a South Korean video game developer and publisher. It was founded on December 2, 2013, by
Shift_Up
Variety of Albanian traditionally spoken by the Arvanites, a population group in Greece
significantly influenced by the Greek language. Arvanitika is today endangered, as its speakers have been shifting to the use of Greek and most younger
Arvanitika
2014 film by Anthony DiBlasi
Last Shift is a 2014 American psychological horror film directed, edited, and co-written by Anthony DiBlasi. Juliana Harkavy stars as a rookie police
Last_Shift
Contact language from mutually intelligible dialects of the same language
levelling Language shift Lingua franca Mixed language Mutual intelligibility Naturalistic planned language Post-creole speech continuum Standard language Siegel
Koiné_language
Interaction between different languages
(prestige). This sometimes leads to language endangerment or extinction. When language shift occurs, the language that is replaced (known as the substratum)
Language_contact
Vowel shift
The low-back-merger shift is a chain shift of vowel sounds found in several accents of North American English, beginning in the last quarter of the 20th
Low-back-merger_shift
Stable natural languages that have developed from a pidgin
shifts. On the other hand, the grammar that has evolved often has new or unique features that differ substantially from those of the parent languages
Creole_language
Kra–Dai language
In the process of language shift, an abundance of Khmer elements were transferred into Thai and permeated all aspects of the language. Consequently, the
Thai_language
Ethnic group in the Republic of Turkey
The Kurdish language in Turkey, primarily Kurmanji and Zazaki, has faced systemic marginalization, leading to significant language shift. According to
Kurds_in_Turkey
American television sitcom
Shifting Gears is an American television sitcom created by Julie Thacker Scully and Mike Scully for ABC through 20th Television. The series stars Tim Allen
Shifting_Gears_(TV_series)
Group of Germanic languages
2007-11-23. Fishman, Joshua A. (2001-01-01). Can Threatened Languages be Saved?: Reversing Language Shift, Revisited : a 21st Century Perspective. Multilingual
Frisian_languages
Vowel shift/sound change in the Canaanite dialects
shift is a vowel shift/sound change that took place in the Canaanite dialects, which belong to the Northwest Semitic branch of the Semitic languages family
Canaanite_shift
Countries and regions where English is used
increasing use of the English language globally has had a large impact on many other languages, leading to language shift and language death, and to claims of
English-speaking_world
Key on typewriter or computer keyboard
The Shift key ⇧ Shift is a modifier key on a computer keyboard, used to type capital letters and other alternate "upper" characters. There are typically
Shift_key
Level of respect towards a language variety in a speech community
new language, known as a creole, language contact can result in changes, such as language convergence, language shift or language death. Language convergence
Prestige_(sociolinguistics)
Classification of fluency mainly for endangered languages
language. Often when a community is gradually shifting away from an endangered language to a majority language, not all speakers acquire full linguistic competence;
Speaker_types
West Germanic language
their own language policies. For example, English is one of the official languages of India. Many Indians have shifted from associating the language with colonialism
English_language
Language that has no demonstrable genetic relationship with other languages
A language isolate, sometimes called an isolated language, is a language that has no demonstrable genealogical relationship with any other language. That
Language_isolate
result of annexation have largely undergone language shift to English. Historically, immigrants' languages tend to disappear or to be reduced by generational
Spanish language in the United States
Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
West Germanic language
English, Dutch and the North Germanic languages, Low German has not undergone the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Standard High German, which
Low_German
Romance language historically spoken by Sephardi Jews
consequently, all Judeo-Spanish-speaking communities are undergoing a language shift. In 2018, four native speakers in Bosnia were identified; however, two
Judaeo-Spanish
Arabic variety spoken in the Levant
speakers from the Arabian Peninsula settled in the area, and a lengthy language shift from Aramaic to vernacular Arabic occurred. Scholars use "Levantine
Levantine_Arabic
Extinct language isolate indigenous to the island of Sardinia
conquest of Sardinia and Corsica, a process of language shift took place, wherein Latin became the only language spoken by the islanders. Paleo-Sardinian is
Paleo-Sardinian_language
North Germanic language
[ˈtænˀsk] , dansk sprog [ˈtænˀsk ˈspʁɔwˀ]) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken by about 5.5 million people, principally
Danish_language
Branch of the Iranian languages
versus h consonant shifts. While the Northwestern Iranian languages have preserved the consonants v and s, these sounds have shifted to b and h, respectively
Western_Iranian_languages
Creole language family with Dutch as lexifier
attributed to a wilful cultural and generational language shift towards standard Dutch or the majority language of the area with each successive generation
Dutch-based_creole_languages
Celtic ethnolinguistic group
where a language shift could have happened. The first is 1400–900 BC, when many hillforts were built. Mallory suggests that a 'hillfort language' would
Gaels
Indigenous languages of Australia
Aboriginal languages are those languages spoken by Australian Aboriginal people. There are more than 250 distinct languages. Australian languages have historically
Australian Aboriginal languages
Australian_Aboriginal_languages
Western Ibero-Romance language
Galician, as a result of this long process of language shift. However, Galician is still the main language in rural areas. The Royal Galician Academy and
Galician_language
Language spoken in Indonesia
of informal language and is a major source of influence throughout the archipelago. Meanwhile, there is language shift of first language among Indonesian
Indonesian_language
other European languages, including French, German and Dutch. Significant pronunciation changes in this period included the Great Vowel Shift, which affected
History_of_English
Albanian-speakers in Greece
with Greek. Arvanitika is currently in a state of attrition due to a language shift towards Greek, the large-scale internal migration to the cities, and
Arvanites
Mathematical concept and applications in software development
cyclic language. The operation shift(L) has been studied in formal language theory. For instance, if L is a context-free language, then shift(L) is again
Circular_shift
Ethnic group
nowadays, with French being the majority language for the inhabitants after a continued process of language shift. According to a 2019 survey by the Catalan
Catalans
Family of two languages in far northeastern Russia
Yukaghir language had around 60–70. The entire family, as such, is regarded as moribund. The Yukaghir have experienced a politically imposed language shift in
Yukaghir_languages
Mixed Iberian-Romani language
Romance grammar, with an adstratum of Romani lexical items, through language shift by the Romani community. Catalan, Galician, Portuguese, and Spanish
Caló_language
Topics referred to by the same term
shift is a type of sound change in a language and may refer to: Grimm's law, also known as the first Germanic sound Shift High German consonant shift
Consonant_shift
Form of Afrikaans
in Patagonia: Language shift and cultural integration in a rural immigrant community". International Journal of the Sociology of Language (266): 33–54
Patagonian_Afrikaans
Language influencing or influenced by another through contact
workplace, and in social settings. During the language shift, the receding language A still influences language B, for example, through the transfer of loanwords
Stratum_(linguistics)
Dialects of Macedonian and Bulgarian
Per Slavist Christian Voss, the region had the typical situation of language shift and decreased proficiency from the Slavic vernacular to Greek as follows:
Slavic_dialects_of_Greece
South Slavic language
strictly forbidden in Carinthia as well. This accelerated a process of language shift in Carinthia, which continued throughout the second half of the 20th
Slovene_language
Niger–Congo language of the Igbo people, mainly spoken in Nigeria
rhetorical elements of the Igbo language that convey the cultural aesthetic; and code-switching, code-mixing, and language shift. External and internal factors
Igbo_language
Language family of central Siberia
further suggested that the Yeniseian-speaking Xiongnu elite underwent a language shift to Oghur Turkic while migrating westward, eventually becoming the Huns
Yeniseian_languages
Austronesian and Sino-Tibetan languages
population. However, far fewer can still speak their ancestral language after centuries of language shift. It is common for young and middle-aged Hakka and Taiwanese
Languages_of_Taiwan
Ethnic group in South Africa
Malay language as a lingua franca and for religious instruction, they collectively became known as Malays. Over time, they underwent a language shift from
Cape_Malays
official languages: Maltese, Maltese Sign Language and English. Maltese is the national language. Until 1934, Italian was also an official language in Malta
Languages_of_Malta
Extinct Eskimo–Aleut language
language. It was spoken in and around the village of Sireniki (Сиреники) in Chukotka Peninsula, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The language shift
Sirenik_language
Various Tai languages used by the Zhuang people of southern China
System of Zhuang "A major case of language shift is occurring in which the use of Zhuang and other minority languages is restricted mainly to rural areas
Zhuang_languages
Language family native to Eurasia
the other Germanic languages, the Germanic sound shift changed the realization of all stop consonants, with each consonant shifting to a different one:
Indo-European_languages
Japanese character encoding
Shift JIS (also SJIS, MIME name Shift_JIS, known as PCK in Solaris contexts) is a character encoding for the Japanese language, originally developed by
Shift_JIS
Simple and widely known encryption technique
fixed number of positions along the alphabet. For example, with a left shift of 3, D would be replaced by A, E would become B, and so on. The method
Caesar_cipher
superficial appearance of a close relationship with Romance languages. The Great Vowel Shift that began in the south of England in the 15th century is one
Languages of the United Kingdom
Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom
Sound changes affecting each other
sound in Middle English before the shift, as [hu(ː)s]. A chain shift may affect only one regional dialect of a language, or it may begin in a particular
Chain_shift
Type of machine learning model
classification around 2012, similar architectures were adapted for language tasks. This shift was marked by the development of word embeddings (e.g., Word2Vec
Large_language_model
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