Search references for CIRCULAR SHIFT. Phrases containing CIRCULAR SHIFT
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Mathematical concept and applications in software development
a circular shift is the operation of rearranging the entries in a tuple, either by moving the final entry to the first position, while shifting all
Circular_shift
Computer science topic
while the arithmetic right-shift is ideal for signed two's complement binary numbers. Another form of shift is the circular shift, bitwise rotation or bit
Bitwise_operation
Computer memory unit using cascaded flip-flops
connected to create a circular shift register. A PIPO register (parallel in, parallel out) is simply a D-type register and is not a shift register, but is
Shift_register
Function in discrete mathematics
{\displaystyle e^{{\frac {i2\pi }{N}}nm}} for some integer m corresponds to a circular shift of the output X k {\displaystyle X_{k}} : X k {\displaystyle X_{k}}
Discrete_Fourier_transform
Bit-level computer operation
with a circular shift). A logical shift is often used when its operand is being treated as a sequence of bits instead of as a number. Logical shifts can
Logical_shift
Substitution box used in the Rijndael cipher
the bitwise XOR operator, ⋘ {\displaystyle \lll } is a left bitwise circular shift, and the constant 6316 = 011000112 is given in hexadecimal. An equivalent
Rijndael_S-box
Topics referred to by the same term
circuit implementing bit shifts Bit shift, an operation treating a value as a sequence of binary digits Arithmetic shift Circular shift, often used in cryptography
Shift
Recursive integer sequence
dominating circular shift before anything was removed. For example, consider XXYXY. This sequence is dominating, but none of its circular shifts XYXYX, YXYXX
Catalan_number
Production model to minimise wastage and emissions
transportation) can be reduced. In a circular economy, business models play a crucial role in enabling the shift from linear to circular processes. Various business
Circular_economy
Data structure in computer science
were used then it would be necessary to shift all elements when one is consumed.) In other words, the circular buffer is well-suited as a FIFO (first in
Circular_buffer
Digital circuit found in computers
exponents and using the barrel shifter to shift the smaller number to the right by the difference, in one cycle. Circular shift Abhilasha; Sudharshan; Anusha
Barrel_shifter
Type of counter
flip-flops connected into a shift register, with the output of the last flip-flop fed to the input of the first, making a "circular" or "ring" structure. There
Ring_counter
ISO/IEC standard
or nearly all single local transposition errors, all or nearly all circular shift errors, a high proportion of double substitution errors, a high proportion
ISO/IEC_7064
Type of group in abstract algebra
group S4 using the generators (red) a right circular shift of all four set elements, and (blue) a left circular shift of the first three set elements.
Symmetric_group
Type of block code
In coding theory, a cyclic code is a block code, where the circular shifts of each codeword gives another word that belongs to the code. They are error-correcting
Cyclic_code
Technique to find image offset
on the Fourier shift theorem. Let the two images g a {\displaystyle \ g_{a}} and g b {\displaystyle \ g_{b}} be circularly-shifted versions of each
Phase_correlation
Method for expanding key to round keys in AES
32-bit words of the expanded key Also define RotWord as a one-byte left circular shift: RotWord ( [ b 0 b 1 b 2 b 3 ] ) = [ b 1 b 2 b 3 b 0 ] {\displaystyle
AES_key_schedule
Index of articles associated with the same name
polygon which can be given a circumscribed circle Cyclic shift, also known as circular shift Cyclic symmetry, n-fold rotational symmetry of 3-dimensional
Cyclic_(mathematics)
Polarization state
leading it. To convert circularly polarized light to the other handedness, one can use a half-waveplate. A half-waveplate shifts a given linear component
Circular_polarization
Ternary operation on vectors
three vectors given. The scalar triple product is unchanged under a circular shift of its three operands (a, b, c): a ⋅ ( b × c ) = b ⋅ ( c × a ) = c ⋅
Triple_product
Number that when multiplied by another number moves its last digit to its front
number. In other words, the decimal representation undergoes a right circular shift by one place. For example: 4 × 128205 = 512820, so 128205 is 4-parasitic
Parasitic_number
Election result probability theorem
cycle lemma. They give similar formulas, but the cycle lemma considers circular shifts of a given ballot counting order rather than all permutations. Suppose
Bertrand's_ballot_theorem
Discrete Fourier transform algorithm
Rotation (which in the FFT is multiplication by a complex phasor) is a circular shift of the component waveform . Various groups have also published FFT algorithms
Fast_Fourier_transform
Type of pseudorandom binary sequence
complex conjugate and [ m + n ] N {\displaystyle [m+n]_{N}} represents a circular shift. The linear autocorrelation of an MLS approximates a Kronecker delta
Maximum_length_sequence
Type of hash function
also simple and it has the benefit of avoiding multiplications, using circular shift instead. It is a form of tabulation hashing: it presumes that there
Rolling_hash
Type of multigraph
length and whose edges represent two operations on these sequence, circular shifts and flipping the lowest-order bit. In the version of this network introduced
Shuffle-exchange_network
Musical tuning system with constant ratios between notes
tuning dividing the octave as a sequence of steps T t s T t T s (or some circular shift or "rotation" of it). To be called a regular diatonic tuning, each of
Equal_temperament
Theorem about permutations that preserve convergence for all converging series
behavior of p k {\displaystyle p_{k}} . Mirroring permutations and circular shift permutations, as well as their inverses, add at most 1 interval to the
Agnew's_theorem
Cryptographic method
into two parts and then to invert the order of the parts (similar to circular shift). This puts all endings and beginnings (presumably the location of most
Russian_copulation
Ongoing theorised stock market bubble
originates from concerns that leading AI tech firms are involved in a circular flow of investments that are artificially inflating the value of their
AI_bubble
Logical fallacy in which the conclusion provides the premise
Circular reasoning (Latin: circulus in probando, "circle in proving"; also known as circular logic) is a fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what
Circular_reasoning
Topics referred to by the same term
reality television dating game show ROtate bits Left, also known as left circular shift Reorder level for replacing used or sold inventory Republic of Lakotah
ROL
Legacy checksum algorithm
by segmenting the data and adding it to an accumulator that is circular right shifted between each summation. To keep the accumulator within return value
BSD_checksum
Set of strings closed w.r.t. cyclic shift, repetition, and root
} is, and context-free languages are closed under circular shift; L is obtained as circular shift of M. Marie-Pierre Béal and Olivier Carton and Christophe
Cyclic_language
cyclic permutation matrices that perform a circular shift; they are not to be confused with upper and lower shift matrices which have ones only either above
Generalized_Clifford_algebra
Device storing number of times an event or process occurred
counter at the expense of additional circuitry. A ring counter is a circular shift register which is initialized (via its reset input signal) such that
Counter_(digital)
Sum of elements on the main diagonal
^{\textsf {T}}\mathbf {b} } More generally, the trace is invariant under circular shifts, that is, tr ( A B C ) = tr ( B C A ) = tr ( C A B ) . {\displaystyle
Trace_(linear_algebra)
Formal language generated by context-free grammar
under an inverse homomorphism φ − 1 {\displaystyle \varphi ^{-1}} the circular shift of L (the language { v u : u v ∈ L } {\displaystyle \{vu:uv\in L\}}
Context-free_language
Norm on a vector space of matrices
{\displaystyle A} , and the fact that the trace is invariant under circular shifts. The Frobenius norm is an extension of the Euclidean norm to K n ×
Matrix_norm
Three-dimensional solid
refer to either of these or to an even more specialized object, the right circular cylinder. A cylindrical surface is a surface consisting of all the points
Cylinder
Flight or sailing route along the shortest path between two points on a globe's surface
evaluation may employ that the triple product is invariant under a circular shift of the arguments: cos p = ( ω × 1 R s ) ⋅ u N = ω ⋅ ( 1 R s × u N
Great-circle_navigation
Fundamental change in ideas and practices within a scientific discipline
shift theory as being conceptually circular and therefore unfalsifiable. There is a discussion about genetic fallacy in the concept of paradigm shift
Paradigm_shift
Dichroism with circularly polarized light
Circular dichroism (CD) is dichroism involving circularly polarized light, i.e., the differential absorption of left- and right-handed light. Left-hand
Circular_dichroism
Topics referred to by the same term
(physics), ratio between a given angle and a full turn of 2π radians Circular shift, an operation on a tuple Bitwise rotation, a mathematical operator on
Rotation_(disambiguation)
Indian fashion technology company
company initially operated as a fast fashion brand before shifting its focus to sustainable and circular fashion models in 2023. Virgio operates primarily online
Virgio
Algorithm used in data compression
a matrix (known as the Burrows–Wheeler matrix) whose rows are the circular shifts of the input text, sorted in lexicographic order, then taking the final
Burrows–Wheeler_transform
Method in signal processing
frequency bins Overlap–add method Circular convolution#Example Rabiner and Gold, Fig 2.35, fourth trace. Shifting the undesirable edge effects to the
Overlap–save_method
Software application of the concept of reversible computing
and overflow / underflow conditions. More complex operations such as circular shift (swap being a special case), and certain classes of random number generation
Reverse_computation
1995 edition of the Fortran programming language standard
CSHIFT Circular shift EOSHIFT End-off shift TRANSPOSE Transpose of an array of rank two
Fortran_95_language_features
Change in data distribution between training and deployment in machine learning
patterns invalid over time.[circular reference] A key challenge for deploying machine learning systems is dataset shift, in particular in dynamic environments
Dataset_shift
Polyhedron with 54 faces
truncated dodecadodecahedron are all the triples of numbers obtained by circular shifts and sign changes from the following points (where φ = 1 + 5 2 {\displaystyle
Truncated_dodecadodecahedron
Equivalence class in mathematics
is because the beads can be linearly ordered in n! ways, and the n circular shifts of such an ordering all give the same necklace. Similarly, the number
Necklace_(combinatorics)
Variation in resonant frequency of identical atomic nuclei in a magnetic field
chemical shift is the resonant frequency of an atomic nucleus relative to a standard in a magnetic field. Often the position and number of chemical shifts are
Chemical_shift
aij = an−i+1,n−j+1. Circulant matrix A matrix where each row is a circular shift of its predecessor. Conference matrix A square matrix with zero diagonal
List_of_named_matrices
A circular economy is an alternative way countries manage their resources, in which usage of products in the traditional linear make, use, and dispose
China's_circular_economy
Modular smartphone series
SHIFT-OS or ShiftOS. There are two different operating systems. The SafetyNet based SHIFT-OS-G/ShiftOS-G with Google services or the AOSP-based ShiftOS
Shiftphone
list of topics on mathematical permutations. Alternating permutation Circular shift Cyclic permutation Derangement Even and odd permutations—see Parity
List_of_permutation_topics
Type of proof technique
{\displaystyle p} words that can be transformed into each other by circular shifts; these sets are called necklaces. Therefore, A p − A = p ⋅ {\displaystyle
Double counting (proof technique)
Double_counting_(proof_technique)
Radical shift in Western cosmology
the Sun. Driven by a desire [citation needed] for a more perfect (i.e. circular) description of the cosmos than the prevailing Ptolemaic model - which
Copernican_Revolution
Optical phenomenon
of circularly or elliptically polarized light undergoes a small sideways shift when refracted or totally internally reflected. The sideways shift is perpendicular
Imbert–Fedorov_effect
\mathrm {GF} (2)=\{0,1\}.} Now we can square elements by doing a left circular shift, α 2 = Φ ( a 2 , a 1 , a 0 ) = ( a 1 , a 0 , a 2 ) {\displaystyle \alpha
Normal_basis
Topics referred to by the same term
multi-simulation game which uses soft-body physics ROtate Right, a common circular shift instruction in assembly language Ruby on Rails, a server side web application
Ror_(disambiguation)
Family of lightweight block ciphers
sizes and number of rounds: Let S j {\displaystyle S^{j}} notate a left circular shift by j {\displaystyle j} bits. The key schedule is mathematically described
Simon_(cipher)
Scientific phenomenon
D. C.; Moon, P. B. (1961). "Absence of Doppler Shift for Gamma Ray Source and Detector on Same Circular Orbit". Proc. Phys. Soc. 77 (2): 350–352. Bibcode:1961PPS
Relativistic_Doppler_effect
Phenomenon in quantum physics
The Bloch–Siegert shift is a phenomenon in quantum physics that becomes important for driven two-level systems when the driving gets strong (e.g. atoms
Bloch–Siegert_shift
Construction providing a total order on a free monoid
{\displaystyle w\in A^{*}} is conjugate to a Hall word. That is, there exists a circular shift of w {\displaystyle w} that is a Hall word. Equivalently, there exists
Hall_word
Physical effect in general relativity
approximately 1 × 10−8 or the equivalent of a 3 m/s radial Doppler shift. For an object in a (circular) orbit, the gravitational redshift is of comparable magnitude
Gravitational_redshift
Mechanical analog computer
rules exist in a diverse range of styles and generally appear in a linear, circular or cylindrical form. Slide rules manufactured for specialized fields such
Slide_rule
Digital modulation scheme
Amplitude and phase-shift keying (APSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by modulating both the amplitude and the phase of a carrier wave
Amplitude and phase-shift keying
Amplitude_and_phase-shift_keying
Data structure with nodes pointing to the next node
queue), a circular structure allows one to handle the structure by a single pointer, instead of two. A circular list can be split into two circular lists
Linked_list
Methods of constructing magic squares
to shift two cells to the right. In the previous examples, for the Greek square, the second row can be obtained from the first row by circularly shifting
Constructions of magic squares
Constructions_of_magic_squares
Square of numbers with equal row, column and diagonal totals
middle. Next, the 1st and 2nd column of the middle pan-magic square is circularly shifted to the right to obtain a new pan-magic square on the right. A bordered
Magic_square
Type of prime number
A circular prime is a prime number with the property that the number generated at each intermediate step when cyclically permuting its (base 10) digits
Circular_prime
Optical polarization device
(such as the special case of converting from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light and vice versa.) Waveplates are constructed out of a birefringent
Waveplate
Logical fallacy
A quantifier shift is a logical fallacy in which the quantifiers of a statement are erroneously transposed during the rewriting process. The change in
Quantifier_shift
Sound changes affecting each other
/i/ while /i/ in the same position is deleted. Synchronic chain shifts may be circular. An example of this is Xiamen tone or Taiwanese tone sandhi:[better source needed]
Chain_shift
Optical filter device
reflections. The common types of polarizers are linear polarizers and circular polarizers. Polarizers can also be made for other types of electromagnetic
Polarizer
Species of lizard
Kinyongia adolfifriderici chameleon. It is more commonly known as the circular-scaled chameleon. The habitat for Kinyongea gyrolepis has been heavily
Kinyongia_gyrolepis
Algorithm in image processing
1995) smooth the circular histogram, and apply Otsu's method. The histogram is cyclically rotated so that the selected threshold is shifted to zero. Otsu's
Circular_thresholding
stretch. LD is very similar to Circular Dichroism (CD), but with two important differences. (i) CD spectroscopy uses circularly polarized light whereas LD
Linear_dichroism
Country in East Asia
passenger services, with Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA) operating a circular route around the island and Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR) running high
Taiwan
Taiwanese phone accessories company
replacement cycles and low recycling rates. This shift marked the beginning of RHINOSHIELD's focus on circular design and plastic lifecycle management. RHINOSHIELD's
Rhinoshield
Property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation
the phase shift is exactly ±90°, and the amplitudes are the same, then circular polarization is produced (fourth and fifth figures). Circular polarization
Polarization_(waves)
Integral expressing the amount of overlap of one function as it is shifted over another
evaluated for all values of shift, producing the convolution function. The choice of which function is reflected and shifted before the integral does not
Convolution
Mathematical technique
two-dimensional space. Assume a circular window centered at C {\displaystyle C} and having radius r {\displaystyle r} as the kernel. Mean-shift is a hill climbing
Mean_shift
16-bit minicomputer series
be swapped. Shifts were 17-bit circular, with the carry bit "to the left" of the most significant bit. In other words, when a left shift was performed
Data_General_Nova
Arch shape common in ancient Roman architecture
used, thus creating a stilted arch and horseshoe arch respectively. These "shifts and dodges" were immediately dropped once the pointed arch with its malleable
Semicircular_arch
obstacles remain. The circular electronics partnership is a group of companies that have committed to creating a circular economy. A circular "operating system"
Environmental impact of Big Tech
Environmental_impact_of_Big_Tech
housing showcase. 11 June: The London Transport Executive introduces a Circular Tour of London using double-decker buses for the Festival. 15 June: The
Timeline of London (20th century)
Timeline_of_London_(20th_century)
Overview of the events of 2020 in science
unexplained astronomical objects that, at radio wavelengths, are highly circular and brighter along their edges. The observed ORCs are bright at radio wavelengths
April–June_2020_in_science
Study of circular causal processes
Cybernetics is the transdisciplinary study of circular causal processes such as feedback and recursion, where the outcomes of actions return as inputs
Cybernetics
Senator of the Philippines
director-general, the highest-ranked PNP officer. He issued Command Memorandum Circular No. 16-2016, or Project Double Barrel, formalizing the nationwide drug
Ronald_dela_Rosa
Fallacy regarding hypocrisy
quantificational logic Existential Illicit conversion Proof by example Quantifier shift Syllogistic fallacy Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise Negative
Tu_quoque
Primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time
Seidelmann 2009, pp. 217, 227–231. McCarthy & Seidelmann 2009, p. 209. "Circular T". International Bureau of Weights and Measures. Archived from the original
Coordinated_Universal_Time
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
narrowly averted a global conflict. Under Leonid Brezhnev, prosperity shifted toward stagnation, although relations with the US eased. In 1985, Mikhail
Soviet_Union
National Football League franchise in Tampa, Florida
uniform featured a patch commemorating the club's 30th season. In 2014, a circular patch was worn with the initials "MG", after the death of owner Malcolm
Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers
American multinational technology company
in the middle of California's Silicon Valley, at Apple Park, a massive circular groundscraper building with a circumference of one mile (1.6 km). The building
Apple_Inc.
Tibeto-Burman language
During this period, the Burmese alphabet began employing cursive-style circular letters typically used in palm-leaf manuscripts as opposed to the square
Burmese_language
Concept in mathematics
form uv and vu as conjugate: the conjugates of a word are thus its circular shifts. Two words are conjugate in this sense if they are conjugate in the
Free_monoid
Malaysian governmental sustainable development strategy
This shift, known as the Malaysia Green Transition, aims to decarbonize various sectors, promote renewable energy sources, and establish a circular economy
Malaysian_Green_Transition
CIRCULAR SHIFT
CIRCULAR SHIFT
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : from a Germanic personal name, either a short form of compound names such as Billard, or else a byname Bill(a), from Old English bil ‘sword’, ‘halberd’ (or a Continental cognate). (Bill as a short form of William was not used until the 17th century.)English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of pruning hooks and similar implements, from Middle English bill, from Old English bil ‘sword’, with the meaning shifted to a more peaceful agricultural application (see Biller 5).
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord vishnus weapon, Circular
Male
Greek
(Αἴολος) Greek name AIOLOS means "sparkling; quick-shifting; quick-moving." In mythology, this is the name of the god of winds.Â
Female
Finnish
Finnish myth name from the Kalevala, possibly LOUHI means "trance." Louhi was a queen of Pohjola, and a witch with the ability to shape-shift and cast powerful magic spells.Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English persone, parsoun ‘parish priest’, ‘parson’ (Old French persone, from Latin persona ‘person’, ‘character’), hence a status name for a parish priest or perhaps a nickname for a devout man. The reasons for the semantic shift from ‘person’ to ‘priest’ are not certain; the most plausible explanation is that the local priest was regarded as the representative person of the parish. The phonetic change from -er- to -ar- was a regular development in Middle English.Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish names.Americanized spelling of Swedish Pärsson, Persson (see Persson).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English smoc, smok ‘smock’, ‘shift’, hence a metonymic occupational name for someone who made or sold such garments, or a nickname for someone who habitually wore a smock (the usual everyday working garment of a peasant).
Male
Scandinavian
Scandinavian name derived from Old Norse hamr, HEMMING means "shape." The name may have originated as a byname for a "shape-shifter" or "werewolf."
Male
Welsh
Welsh Arthurian legend name of a Knight of the Round Table best remembered as the lover of Esyllt (French: Tristan and Iseult). But the earliest texts hint at a character who was far more than just a lover; he was a master of deception and had the ability to shape-shift, a definite attribute of a trickster. In the Cymric Trioedd, Esyllt is his uncle's wife; with the help of the swineherd, Drystan arranges for a secret tryst with her, but Arthur shows up unexpectedly wanting to steal some of his uncle's swine, and Drystan somehow outwits the Forever King.     The name has been associated with Latin tristis "sad," referring to the tragic fate of the young "lover." It has been linked with Pictish drust of unknown DRYSTAN means, and Celtic drest, "riot, tumult." The latter comes closest to fitting his true character; compare with Old English þr�st/þrÃste: "bold, daring, rash, audacious," and even "shameless."Â
Male
Greek
Variant spelling of Greek Aiolos, AEOLOS means "sparkling; quick-shifting; quick-moving."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Turnham in East Yorkshire or Turnham Green in West London, both of which are so named from an Old English trun ‘circular’, probably denoting a U-shaped bend in a river, + hamm ‘water meadow’ or hÄm ‘homestead’.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Circular; Resembles a Wheel
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a servant, Middle English ladde. The word first appeared in the 13th century, with the meaning ‘servant’ or ‘man of humble birth’, the modern meaning of ‘young man’, ‘boy’ being a later shift.Most American bearers of this name trace their ancestry to a certain Daniel Ladd, who emigrated from London to Ipswich, MA, in 1634.
Surname or Lastname
English (Essex, Cambridgeshire)
English (Essex, Cambridgeshire) : possibly a variant of Trendall, a topographic name for someone who lived by a well, earhwork, stone circle, or other circular feature, from Middle English trendel, trandle ‘circle’ (Old English trendel).Possibly an altered spelling of South German Tröndle, a variant of Trendle, a nickname for a tearful person, from Träne ‘tear’ + the diminutive suffix -l.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord vishnus weapon, Circular
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Circular; Resembles a Wheel
CIRCULAR SHIFT
CIRCULAR SHIFT
Male
Greek
Variant spelling of Greek Artemas, ARTEMUS means "gift of Artemis."
Boy/Male
English
Follower.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Son of Krishna or Subhadra
Girl/Female
Indian
Leader; Independent; Original; Creative; Determined; Courage; Initiative
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
One who helps
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Mythological, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Son of Anjani; Name of Hanuman; Lord Hanuman
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu
Name of Lord Shiva
Male
English
Pet form of English Moses, MOE means "drawn out."
Girl/Female
Swedish
Ing's lily.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Warrior
CIRCULAR SHIFT
CIRCULAR SHIFT
CIRCULAR SHIFT
CIRCULAR SHIFT
CIRCULAR SHIFT
a.
Circular; illogical.
a.
Circular; suitable to rotation.
a.
A circular letter, or paper, usually printed, copies of which are addressed or given to various persons; as, a business circular.
a.
Perfect; complete.
v. i.
To move circularly; to form a circle; to circulate.
n.
Circular motion in a direction contrary to some other circular motion.
a.
A sleeveless cloak, cut in circular form.
v. t.
To cause to pass from place to place, or from person to person; to spread; as, to circulate a report; to circulate bills of credit.
a.
Nearly circular.
a.
Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic; hence, mean; inferior. See Cyclic poets, under Cyclic.
n.
A circular dance.
a.
In the form of, or bounded by, a circle; round.
n.
A circular projecting portion.
a.
Round; circular; spherical.
a.
Spherical; orbicular; orblike; circular.
adv.
In a circular manner.
n.
A small circular saw.
a.
repeating itself; ending in itself; reverting to the point of beginning; hence, illogical; inconclusive; as, circular reasoning.
a.
Addressed to a circle, or to a number of persons having a common interest; circulated, or intended for circulation; as, a circular letter.
n.
The quality or state of being circular; a circular form.