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Measure of a substance's tendency towards ionic conduction
Ionic conductivity (denoted by λ) is the movement of ions through a solid material, a phenomenon central to solid-state ionics. It is denoted by λ and
Ionic conductivity (solid state)
Ionic_conductivity_(solid_state)
Topics referred to by the same term
Ionic conductivity may refer to: Conductivity (electrolytic), electrical conductivity due to an electrolyte separating into ions in solution Ionic conductivity
Ionic_conductivity
Topics referred to by the same term
non-polar liquids Ionic conductivity (solid state), electrical conductivity due to ions moving position in a crystal lattice Hydraulic conductivity, a property
Conductivity
Battery with solid electrodes and a solid electrolyte
ionic/electronic conductivity of these solid electrolytes when combined with electrodes to become one of the first records of a practical solid-state
Solid-state_battery
Type of rechargeable battery
ionic conductivity while significantly improving safety compared to traditional LIBs. The core of a semi-solid-state battery is the semi-solid-state electrolyte
Semi-solid-state_battery
Ethiopian-American chemist
impedance spectroscopy. Ionic conductivity is closely tied to the crystal structure of and structural transitions in the conducting solid. Crystal growth, structure
Sossina_M._Haile
Chemical compound involving ionic bonding
source of most transport phenomena within an ionic crystal, including diffusion and solid state ionic conductivity. When vacancies collide with interstitials
Salt_(chemistry)
conventional liquid electrolyte systems. However, enhancing ionic conductivity in solid electrolytes remains a significant challenge. Key research areas
Energy_materials
Branch of electrochemistry
Solid-state ionics is the study of ionic–electronic mixed conductor and fully ionic conductors (solid electrolytes) and their uses. Some materials that
Solid-state_ionics
State of matter
Solid is a state of matter in which atoms are closely packed and are difficult to move past each other. Solids resist compression, expansion, or external
Solid
Type of chemical bonding
like those for ionic compounds, are simple ratios of the component atoms represented by a formula unit. Examples of network solids include diamond with
Network_solid
Fuel cell that produces electricity by oxidization
electrolyte thickness, and σ {\displaystyle \sigma } – ionic conductivity. The ionic conductivity of the solid oxide is defined as follows: σ = σ 0 ⋅ e − E R
Solid_oxide_fuel_cell
Classification of bondings
covalent solids (sometimes called simply "covalent solids") Ionic bonding, which forms ionic solids Metallic bonding, which forms metallic solids Weak inter
Bonding_in_solids
Measure of the ability of a solution containing electrolytes to conduct electricity
and reliable way of measuring the ionic content in a solution. For example, the measurement of product conductivity is a typical way to monitor and continuously
Conductivity_(electrolytic)
Branch of physics focused on matter in the solid state
Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as solid-state chemistry, quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism
Solid-state_physics
Belgian–American scientist
a has a room temperature ionic conductivity of 0.4 mS cm−1, which rivals the conductivity of the best sodium sulfide solid electrolytes to date In 2022
Gerbrand_Ceder
Fast-ion-conductor material
electrolyte. Solid-state electrolytes are solids with high ionic conductivity, comparable to those of molten salts. Solid-state electrolytes have applications in
Beta-alumina solid electrolyte
Beta-alumina_solid_electrolyte
Type of solid ionic conductor electrolyte
solid-state electrolyte (SSE) is a solid ionic conductor and electron-insulating material and it is the characteristic component of the solid-state battery
Solid-state_electrolyte
Measure of a substance's ability to resist or conduct electric current
In physics, electrical resistivity and electrical conductivity are two intrinsic properties of materials that measure a material's local, intrinsic ability
Electrical resistivity and conductivity
Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity
Ceramic with room temperature stable cubic crystal structure
suited for application as solid electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. For low dopant concentrations, the ionic conductivity of the stabilized zirconias
Yttria-stabilized_zirconia
three major types of conductivity measurements used: Specific conductivity, a measurement that indicates the total dissolved solids in an aqueous solution
Degas_conductivity
Forms which matter can take
zero electrical resistivity, and therefore perfect conductivity. This is a distinct physical state which exists at low temperature, and the resistivity
State_of_matter
Salt in the liquid state
Conversely, when an ionic liquid is cooled, it often forms an ionic solid—which may be either crystalline or glassy. The ionic bond is usually stronger
Ionic_liquid
Solid consisting of discrete molecules
together other solids: metallic (metallic bonding, 400–500 kJ mol−1), ionic (Coulomb’s forces, 700–900 kJ mol−1), and network solids (covalent bonds
Molecular_solid
Substance whose dissolved ions conduct electricity
Retrieved 20 August 2010. Yang H, Wu N (2022). "Ionic conductivity and ion transport mechanisms of solid-state lithium-ion battery electrolytes: A review"
Electrolyte
Particle, atom or molecule with a net electrical charge
a conducting solution, dissolving an anode via ionization. Ions in a solid ionic lattice can be released into solution by the process of dissolution of
Ion
Chemical compound
with the chemical formula Bi2O3. It has seen extensive study for its ionic conductivity, but its most mature use is as a colorant in pyrotechnics. Bismuth
Bismuth(III)_oxide
Solid conductor with highly mobile ions
or crystals), the ionic conductivity σi can have any value, but it should be much larger than the electronic one. Usually, solids where σi is on the
Fast_ion_conductor
Solid material with highly ordered microscopic structure
Torrence V. Johnson -- Elsevier 2014 Page 632 "12.5: Network Covalent Solids and Ionic Solids". Chemistry LibreTexts. 2015-01-18. Retrieved 2025-10-11. Science
Crystal
Ceramic electrolyte
oxidation state) or on reduction in CO or H2. The high concentration and mobility of the oxide ion vacancies results in a high ionic conductivity in this
Gadolinium-doped_ceria
Chemical compound
and has been applied as a solid electrolyte in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Typical values of ionic conductivity in LAGP at room temperature
Lithium aluminium germanium phosphate
Lithium_aluminium_germanium_phosphate
Fabrication process for joining materials
thermoplastics) using chemicals to melt materials being bonded without heat, and solid-state welding processes which bond without melting, such as pressure, cold
Welding
Electric-conducting material with near-optimal ion transport
"Crystal Structures and Ionic Conductivities of Ternary Derivatives of the Silver and Copper Monohalides". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 165 (2): 363–371
Advanced_superionic_conductor
Lithium-stuffed garnet material
investigation for its use in solid-state electrolytes in lithium-based battery technologies. LLZO has a high ionic conductivity and thermal and chemical stability
LLZO
reactivity of naked fluoride in liquid electrolytes, low fluoride ionic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes at room temperature, and volume expansion of
Fluoride_battery
high proton conductivity values of 2.2×10−2 S cm−1 at 240 °C, and CsHSO4 boasts a proton conductivity of 4×10−2 S cm−1 at 200 °C. The solid acid "superprotonic"
Solid_acid_fuel_cell
Models for electric current flow
decreases mobility. Starting with Ohm's law and using the definition of conductivity, it is possible to derive the following common expression for current
Charge_transport_mechanisms
Category of chemical elements
melting points and conductivity. Nonmetals show considerable physical diversity, ranging from colourless gases to lustrous solids. Their physical states
Nonmetal
Polymer matrix capable of ion conduction
dendrite formation. Higher shear moduli polymer electrolytes have lower ionic conductivity due to their increased stiffness impeding polymer chain mobility and
Polymer_electrolytes
Electron in the outer shell of an atom's energy levels
considered. Metallic elements generally have high electrical conductivity when in the solid state. In each row of the periodic table, the metals occur to the
Valence_electron
ionic liquid immobilized by an inorganic or a polymer matrix. The material has the quality of maintaining high ionic conductivity while in the solid state
Ion_gel
Lithium-ion battery using a polymer electrolyte
to form a semi-solid structure. GPEs combine the safety and mechanical advantages of solid electrolytes with the high ionic conductivity of liquid electrolytes
Lithium_polymer_battery
Type of electrolyte
electrolyte, typically a solid electrolyte, in which H+ are the primary charge carriers. Acid solutions exhibit proton-conductivity, while pure proton conductors
Proton_conductor
Chemical compound
Skaarup, Steen; Hooper, Alan (October 1983). "Ionic conductivity of pure and doped Li3N". Solid State Ionics. 11 (2): 97–103. doi:10.1016/0167-2738(83)90045-0
Lithium_nitride
and forms a solid layer called the solid electrolyte interphase, which is electrically insulating, yet provides significant ionic conductivity, behaving
Lithium-ion battery components
Lithium-ion_battery_components
Type of fuel cell
(LSCMS) is also being researched as a cathode material due to its high ionic conductivity. However, the rare-earth element introduces a significant materials
Solid_oxide_electrolyzer_cell
Energy change upon the formation of one mole of ionic solid
Enthalpy of melting Enthalpy change of solution Heat of dilution Ionic conductivity Kapustinskii equation Madelung constant Atkins; et al. (2010). Shriver
Lattice_energy
Chemical element with metallic and nonmetallic properties
Dependence of its Electrical Conductivity on Pressure. II', Physics of the Solid State, translation of the journal Solid State Physics (Fizika tverdogo tela)
Metalloid
Laboratory device used for electrochemistry
gelification agent is required as the filter paper provides a solid medium for conduction. The conductivity of this kind of salt bridge depends on a number of factors:
Salt_bridge
significant conduction ionically and electronically. Due to the mixed conduction, a formally neutral species can transport in a solid and therefore mass storage
Mixed_conductor
Complex oxide molecules that contain five or more metal ions
transport. Their multi-element composition enables improved electronic conductivity and ionic diffusion, which are critical for high-performance battery electrodes
High_entropy_oxide
Electrically insulating substance able to be polarised by an applied electric field
are important for explaining various phenomena in electronics, optics, solid-state physics and cell biophysics. Although the term insulator implies low
Dielectric
Metal–air electrochemical cell
main drawback of the solid-state battery design is the low conductivity of most glass-ceramic electrolytes. The ionic conductivity of current lithium fast
Lithium–air_battery
Type of electrolytic capacitor
distinguished into two species, non-solid and solid electrolytes. Non-solid electrolytes are a liquid medium whose conductivity is ionic. The oxide layer may be destroyed
Tantalum_capacitor
Niobium mineral of A2B2O7 general formula
luminescence, ionic conductivity, nuclear waste immobilization, high-temperature thermal barrier coatings, automobile exhaust gas control, catalysts, solid oxide
Pyrochlore
Physical and chemical properties of pure water
Kenneth R. (2005-01-01). "The Fundamental Conductivity and Resistivity of Water". Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters. 8 (1): E16–E19. doi:10.1149/1
Properties_of_water
Process by which heat is transferred within an object
covalent or ionic bonds) have free-moving electrons that transfer thermal energy rapidly. The electron fluid of a conductive metallic solid conducts heat
Thermal_conduction
Type of capacitor
two species, “non-solid” and “solid” electrolytes. As a liquid medium which has ion conductivity caused by moving ions, non-solid electrolytes can easily
Electrolytic_capacitor
Nanotechnology
side, it is able to rectify ionic current as an ionic diode. An ionic bipolar transistor is built by combining two ionic diodes and forming a PNP junction
Nanofluidic_circuitry
Frozen water; the solid state of water
Ice is water that is frozen into a solid state, typically forming at or below temperatures of 0 °C, 32 °F, or 273.15 K. It occurs naturally on Earth,
Ice
Type of molten salt battery
above 150 °C. Also such elevated temperature increases the ionic conductivity of beta-alumina solid electrolyte. Due to the thermal management reasons, ZEBRA
ZEBRA_battery
Quasiparticle of mechanical vibrations
Surface acoustic wave Surface phonon Thermal conductivity Vibration Simon, Steven H. (2013). The Oxford solid state basics (1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University
Phonon
Electrical conductivity with exactly zero resistance
state. The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates that superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of perfect conductivity
Superconductivity
Describes the range of energies of an electron within the solid
In solid-state physics, the electronic band structure (or simply band structure) of a solid describes the range of energy levels that electrons may have
Electronic_band_structure
Class of solid materials
NASICON is an acronym for sodium (Na) super ionic conductor, which usually refers to a family of solids with the chemical formula Na1+xZr2SixP3−xO12,
NASICON
Singaporean Materials Scientist
crystal cathode for low-cost solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries. This new cathode has a much higher electronic conductivity compared to elemental sulfur
Shyue_Ping_Ong
Solutions of Lewis or Brønsted acids and bases
has thus far been hindered by relatively high viscosities and low ionic conductivities. Additionally, lack of understanding of the relationship between
Deep_eutectic_solvent
Type of battery
However, ionic electrolytes are less conductive, reducing power density. Reducing anode/cathode separation can offset the limited conductivity, but causes
Aluminium-ion_battery
Quantity in solid state thermodynamics
voltmeter measure?". Solid State Ionics. 95 (3–4): 327–328. doi:10.1016/S0167-2738(96)00542-5. Sah, Chih-Tang (1991). Fundamentals of Solid-State Electronics.
Fermi_level
Assembly of molecules or ions
Anderson; P. A. Lee; M. Saitoh (1973). "Remarks on giant conductivity in TTF-TCNQ". Solid State Communications. 13 (5): 595–598. Bibcode:1973SSCom..13.
Charge-transfer_complex
Substance with high latent heat of melting or solidifying
(ΔHfus), Specific heat (cp) (of solid and liquid phase), Density (ρ) (of solid and liquid phase) and thermal conductivity. The thermal properties of representative
Phase-change_material
German chemist (1901–1977)
honoured in a Solid State Ionics symposium commemorating his 100th birthday in 2001, where he was described as the father of solid-state chemistry. Wagner
Carl_Wagner
Family of solids
materials, with ionic conductivities on the order of 10−3 S/m or 10−2 S/m. LISICONs can be used as the solid electrolyte in lithium-based solid-state batteries
LISICON
Chemical element with atomic number 47 (Ag)
lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and reflectivity of any metal. Silver is found in the Earth's
Silver
Tabular arrangement of the chemical elements
distinguished by the temperature dependence of their electrical conductivity: a metal's conductivity lowers as temperature rises (because thermal motion makes
Periodic_table
Quasiparticle form phonon and photon coupling
phonon polariton is a type of quasiparticle that can form in a diatomic ionic crystal due to coupling of transverse optical phonons and photons. They
Phonon_polariton
German physical chemist
resonance (NMR) relaxation measurements and broadband conductivity spectroscopy to study ionic transport processes. He is the author or co-author of over
H._Martin_R._Wilkening
Chemical compound
Norby, Truls (2006). "High-temperature proton conductivity in acceptor-doped LaNbO4". Solid State Ionics. 177 (13–14): 1129–1135. doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2006
Lanthanum_niobate
Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen
ions. Pure water has a low electrical conductivity, which increases with the dissolution of a small amount of ionic material such as common salt. Liquid
Water
Chemical element with atomic number 2 (He)
higher heat conductivity, like aluminium or copper. One industrial application for helium is leak detection. Because helium diffuses through solids three times
Helium
Heat from a current in an electric conductor
product's electrical conductivity is a function of temperature, frequency, and product composition. This may be increased by adding ionic compounds, or decreased
Joule_heating
electrolyte towards anode or cathode materials ignores the voltage and the ionic conductivity, which are also important. Maan Hayyan; Farouq S. Mjalli; Mohd Ali
Electrochemical_window
Quasiparticle in condensed matter physics
1381. Klinger MI (1963). "Quantum theory of non-steady-state conductivity in low mobility solids". Physics Letters. 7 (2): 102–104. Bibcode:1963PhL...
Polaron
Brand name for a chemical product
Its proton conductivity up to 0.2 S/cm depending on temperature, hydration state, thermal history and processing conditions. The solid phase and the
Nafion
Group of highly reactive chemical elements
alkali metals having very large atomic and ionic radii, as well as very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Their chemistry is dominated by the loss
Alkali_metal
Free-moving particle which carries an electric charge
charge carriers in melted ionic solids (see e.g. the Hall–Héroult process for an example of electrolysis of a melted ionic solid). Proton conductors are
Charge_carrier
Hypothetical charge of an atom if all its bonds to different atoms were fully ionic
the oxidation state, or oxidation number, is the hypothetical charge of an atom assuming all of its bonds to other atoms are fully ionic. It describes
Oxidation_state
Chemical compound
7.95 g/mol, it is the lightest ionic compound. LiH is diamagnetic and an ionic conductor with an electric conductivity gradually increasing from 2×10−5 Ω−1cm−1
Lithium_hydride
Solid conductive electrolyte
that has a 10-fold better conductivity along the chains than does MnO2, and has a 100-fold better conductivity than non-solid electrolytes. The first Al-e-caps
Polymer_capacitor
High-temperature fuel cells
carbonate is used due to its higher ionic conductivity but is limited to 62% due to its lower gas solubility and ionic diffusivity of oxygen. In addition
Molten_carbonate_fuel_cell
Measure of the electric polarizability of a dielectric material
components (or, equivalently, conductivity, σ, when accounted for in the latter). A perfect conductor has infinite conductivity, σ = ∞, while a perfect dielectric
Permittivity
Battery with a calcium electrode
carbonates and ionic liquids. Most recently, a poly(vinyl imidazole) electrolyte demonstrated one of the highest conductivities for Ca2+ to date. Solid electrolytes
Calcium_battery
material is a mixed ionic electronic conductor with comparatively high electronic conductivity (200+ S/cm) and good ionic conductivity (0.2 S/cm). It is
Lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite
Lanthanum_strontium_cobalt_ferrite
or semimetallic conductivity. The common oxide of arsenic (As2O3) is acidic but weakly amphoteric. Antimony is a silver-white solid with a blue tint
Properties of nonmetals (and metalloids) by group
Properties_of_nonmetals_(and_metalloids)_by_group
commercialize. While the material has good ionic conductivity it possesses poor intrinsic electronic conductivity. This combination makes nanophase compositions
Research in lithium-ion batteries
Research_in_lithium-ion_batteries
Model in solid-state physics
In solid-state physics, the Poole–Frenkel effect (also known as Frenkel–Poole emission) is a model describing the mechanism of trap-assisted electron
Poole–Frenkel_effect
Model of electrical conduction
model Arnold Sommerfeld Electrical conductivity springer, ed. (2009). ""Free" Electrons in Solids". Free electrons in solid. pp. 135–158. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-93804-0_6
Drude_model
British chemist and materials scientist
Hopping Rates and Carrier Concentrations in Ionic Conductors by a New Analysis of AC Conductivity". Solid State Ionics. 8 (2): 159. doi:10.1016/0167-2738(83)90079-6
Anthony_R._West
Class of solid chemical substances
the key issues, such as conductivity, stability in electrochemical processes. A few COFs possess the stability and conductivity necessary to perform well
Covalent_organic_framework
Equation in Brownian motion
the expressions of electric ionic mobilities of the cations and anions from the expressions of the equivalent conductivity of an electrolyte the Nernst–Einstein
Einstein relation (kinetic theory)
Einstein_relation_(kinetic_theory)
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IONIC CONDUCTIVITY-SOLID-STATE
IONIC CONDUCTIVITY-SOLID-STATE
IONIC CONDUCTIVITY-SOLID-STATE
IONIC CONDUCTIVITY-SOLID-STATE
IONIC CONDUCTIVITY-SOLID-STATE
IONIC CONDUCTIVITY-SOLID-STATE
IONIC CONDUCTIVITY-SOLID-STATE
IONIC CONDUCTIVITY-SOLID-STATE
IONIC CONDUCTIVITY-SOLID-STATE
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