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Signaling proteins released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens
Interferons (IFNs, /ˌɪntərˈfɪərɒn/ IN-tər-FEER-on) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several
Interferon
InterPro Family
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a family of dimerized soluble cytokine cytokines in the type II class of interferons. In humans, IFN-γ is the only type II
Interferon_gamma
Cytokine
The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses
Interferon_type_I
Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) is a class of medication that includes three different drugs as of 2012: Peginterferon alfa-2a Peginterferon alfa-2b Peginterferon
Pegylated_interferon
Cytokine in the interferon family
Interferon beta-1a (also interferon beta 1-alpha) is a cytokine in the interferon family used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). It is produced by mammalian
Interferon_beta-1a
Pharmaceutical drug
Interferon alfa (INN) or HuIFN-alpha-Le, trade name Multiferon, is a pharmaceutical drug composed of natural interferon alpha (IFN-α), obtained from the
Interferon_alfa
Type of medical test
An interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) is a medical test used in the diagnosis of some infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)
Interferon gamma release assay
Interferon_gamma_release_assay
Category of small signaling proteins
receptors on the surface of target cells. Cytokines include chemokines, interferons, interleukins, lymphokines, and tumour necrosis factors, but generally
Cytokine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon regulatory factor 3, also known as IRF3, is an interferon regulatory factor. IRF3 is a member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor
IRF3
Cytokine in the interferon family
Interferon beta-1b is a cytokine in the interferon family used to treat the relapsing-remitting and secondary-progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS)
Interferon_beta-1b
Pharmaceutical drug
Pegylated interferon alfa-2a, sold under the brand name Pegasys among others, is medication used to treat hepatitis C and hepatitis B. For hepatitis C
Peginterferon_alfa-2a
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), also known as transmembrane protein 173 (TMEM173) and MPYS/MITA/ERIS is a regulator protein that in humans is encoded
Stimulator of interferon genes
Stimulator_of_interferon_genes
Protein family
Interferon regulatory factors (IRF) are proteins which regulate transcription of interferons (see regulation of gene expression). Interferon regulatory
Interferon_regulatory_factors
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon regulatory factor 7, also known as IRF7, is a member of the interferon regulatory factor family of transcription factors. IRF7 encodes interferon
IRF7
Pharmaceutical drug
Interferon alfa-2b is an antiviral or antineoplastic drug. It is a recombinant form of the protein Interferon alpha-2 that was originally sequenced and
Interferon_alfa-2b
Pharmaceutical drug
Pegylated interferon alfa-2b is a drug used to treat melanoma, as an adjuvant therapy to surgery. Also used to treat hepatitis C (typically, in combination
Peginterferon_alfa-2b
Heterodimeric receptor
The interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR) is a virtually ubiquitous membrane receptor which binds endogenous type I interferon (IFN) cytokines. Endogenous human
Interferon-alpha/beta receptor
Interferon-alpha/beta_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon regulatory factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF1 gene. Interferon regulatory factor 1 was the first member of the interferon
IRF1
Gene that can be expressed in response to stimulation by interferon
An interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) is a gene that can be expressed in response to stimulation by interferon. Interferons bind to receptors on the surface
Interferon-stimulated_gene
Interferon tau (IFNτ, IFNT) is a Type I interferon made of a single chain of amino acids. IFN-τ was first discovered in ruminants as the signal for the
Interferon_tau
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) also known as interferon consensus sequence-binding protein (ICSBP), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the
IRF8
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1) also known as CD119 (Cluster of Differentiation 119), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNGR1 gene. The
Interferon_gamma_receptor_1
Protein found in humans
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a 17 kDa secreted protein that in humans is encoded by the ISG15 gene. ISG15 is induced by type I interferon
ISG15
Monoclonal antibody
It binds to the type I interferon receptor, blocking the activity of type I interferons such as interferon-α and interferon-β.[medical citation needed]
Anifrolumab
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon lambda 4 (gene symbol: IFNL4) is one of the most recently discovered human genes and the newest addition to the interferon lambda protein family
Interferon_lambda_4
Disease that damages the myelin sheaths around nerves
Natalizumab and interferon beta-1a (Rebif) may reduce relapses compared to both placebo and interferon beta-1a (Avonex) while Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron)
Multiple_sclerosis
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
The interferon-gamma receptor (IFNGR) protein complex is the heterodimer of two chains: IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. It binds interferon-γ, the sole member of interferon
Interferon-gamma_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon lambda 3 encodes the IFNL3 protein. IFNL3 was formerly named IL28B, but the Human Genome Organization Gene Nomenclature Committee renamed this
Interferon_lambda_3
Veterinary medication
Recombinant feline interferon omega (RFeIFN-ω), sold under the brand name Virbagen Omega among others, is a recombinant version of a cat interferon alpha. It is
Recombinant feline interferon omega
Recombinant_feline_interferon_omega
Non-profit organization
The International Cytokine & Interferon Society (sometimes abbreviated as ICIS, often referred to as The Cytokine Society) [1] is a non-profit organization
International Cytokine & Interferon Society
International_Cytokine_&_Interferon_Society
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNA1 gene. Leukocyte interferon is produced predominantly by B lymphocytes. Immune interferon
Interferon_alpha-1
Type II cytokine receptor
Interferon-lambda receptor (IFNLR), formerly known as the interleukin-28 receptor (IL28R), is a type II cytokine receptor found largely in epithelial cells
Interferon-lambda_receptor
Type of immune cell in the blood
type of immune cell that are known to secrete large quantities of type 1 interferon (IFNs) in response to a viral infection. They circulate in the blood and
Plasmacytoid_dendritic_cell
Genus of viruses
orthohantaviruses also encodes the non-structural protein NS that inhibits interferon production in host cells. The untranslated regions at the ends of the
Hantavirus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon regulatory factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF2 gene. IRF2 encodes interferon regulatory factor 2, a member of the interferon
IRF2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon-stimulated gene 20 kDa protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ISG20 gene. It belongs to the ISG family of proteins, which are
ISG20
Component of the innate immune system
The cGAS–STING pathway (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase - stimulator of interferon genes) is a component of the innate immune system that functions to detect the
CGAS–STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway
CGAS–STING_cytosolic_DNA_sensing_pathway
Transmembrane proteins
bind and respond to the class II cytokines, which includes all types of interferons and members of the interleukin-10 family These receptors are characterized
Type_II_cytokine_receptor
Group of anti-viral cytokines
The type III interferon group is a group of anti-viral cytokines that in humans consists of a singular family, IFN-λ (lambda). Their function is similar
Interferon_type_III
Protein-coding gene
Interferon kappa or IFN-kappa is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNK gene. Through different clinical studies, Interferon kappa has been assumed
IFNK
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon-alpha/beta receptor alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNAR1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane
IFNAR1
Swiss virologist and immunologist
co-discovered and identified interferon in 1957 through their research at the National Institute for Medical Research. Interferon, a group of proteins involved
Jean_Lindenmann
Viral pulmonary disease of humans
hantaviruses also encodes the non-structural protein NS that inhibits interferon production in host cells. The untranslated regions at the ends of the
Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon omega-1 is a protein that is encoded by the IFNW1 gene. Interferon omega-1 (IFN-ω) is a subtype of the Interferon type I family. The Interferon
IFNW1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFITM2 gene. IFITM1 is a member of the IFITM family (Interferon-induced
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 2
Interferon-induced_transmembrane_protein_2
Family of intracellular transcription factors
involved in type II interferon signalling, and bind to the GAS (Interferon-Gamma Activated Sequence) promoter to induce expression of interferon stimulated genes
STAT_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Gamma-interferon-inducible protein Ifi-16 (Ifi-16) also known as interferon-inducible myeloid differentiation transcriptional activator is a protein that
IFI16
Pharmaceutical drug
Interferon alpha-n3 (Alferon-N) is a medication consisting of purified natural human interferon alpha proteins used for the treatment of genital warts
Interferon_alpha-n3
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Interferon alpha-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNA2 gene. Human interferon alpha-2 (IFNα2) is a cytokine belonging to the family of
IFNA2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon regulatory factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF5 gene. The IRF family is a group of transcription factors that are involved
IRF5
Humanized monoclonal antibody
specifically targets interferon beta (IFN-β). Dazukibart functions by neutralizing interferon beta-1 (IFNB1), a type I interferon that plays a critical
Dazukibart
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 18 (USP18), also known as UBP43, is a type I interferon receptor repressor and an isopeptidase. In humans, it is encoded by the
USP18
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
IFI17 [interferon-induced protein 17], 9-27 [Interferon-inducible protein 9-27] and Leu13. IFITM1 is a member of the IFITM family (Interferon-induced
IFITM1
Diagnostic tools for latent tuberculosis infection
An interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) is a diagnostic tool for indicating a latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). IGRAs are surrogate markers of Mycobacterium
Quantiferon
Mammalian protein found in humans
pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that can mediate induction of a type-I interferon (IFN1) response. RIG-I is an essential molecule in the innate immune system
RIG-I
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNB1 gene. The natural and recombinant protein forms have antiviral, antibacterial, and
IFNB1
Pharmaceutical drug
Interferon alfacon-1 is a interferon drug that is used to treat hepatitis C infections. In chronic hepatitis C, multiple phase II and III trials showed
Interferon_alfacon-1
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MX1 gene. In mice, the interferon-inducible Mx protein is responsible
MX1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon gamma receptor 2 also known as IFN-γR2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IFNGR2 gene. This gene (IFNGR2) encodes the non-ligand-binding
Interferon_gamma_receptor_2
Human protein and coding gene
Protein kinase RNA-activated also known as protein kinase R (PKR), interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase, or eukaryotic translation
Protein_kinase_R
Family of intracellular tyrosine kinases
responses to some cytokines, such as interferon-gamma. JAK1 and JAK2 are involved in type II interferon (interferon-gamma) signalling, whereas JAK1 and
Janus_kinase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon-alpha/beta receptor beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNAR2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane
IFNAR2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) also known as MUM1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF4 gene. IRF4 functions as a key regulatory transcription
IRF4
transmission of data. The Interferon System is composed of a family of cytokines. Type-I Interferons, IFN-α/β, and Type-III Interferons, IFN-λ play key roles
Viral strategies for immune response evasion
Viral_strategies_for_immune_response_evasion
Cell lineage used in cell cultures
become senescent. Vero cells are interferon-deficient; unlike normal mammalian cells, they do not secrete interferon alpha or beta when infected by viruses
Vero_cell
Immune response that does not involve antibodies
produce interferon gamma. Interferon gamma and IL-12 promote differentiation toward TC1 cells. T-bet activation is required for both interferon gamma and
Cell-mediated_immunity
Medical condition
intraventricular interferon alfa, amantadine, ribavirin, and others. Immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG) is also used. Isoprinosine is sometimes combined with interferon alfa
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Subacute_sclerosing_panencephalitis
Species of virus
2009). "Mechanisms of evasion of the type I interferon antiviral response by flaviviruses". Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research. 29 (9): 521–30. doi:10
Dengue_virus
Human gene
The interferon-induced protein 44-like gene (i.e., IFI44L gene, also known as the GS3686, TLDC5B, and C1orf29 gene https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18035986)
IFI44L
Protein family
molecular biology, the interferon gamma receptor (IFNGR1) family is a family of proteins which includes several eukaryotic and viral interferon gamma receptor
Interferon gamma receptor (IFNGR1) family
Interferon_gamma_receptor_(IFNGR1)_family
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), also known as interferon-gamma inducing factor is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IL18 gene. The protein encoded by
Interleukin_18
Medical condition
mutations associated with slightly milder neurological impairments, lower interferon activity, and longer lifespan. RNASEH2 is employed in genome surveillance
Aicardi–Goutières_syndrome
Slovak immunologist (born 1933)
soluble mediators that regulate the immune system (cytokines), including interferon and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Vilček was born in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Jan_Vilček
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon alpha-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNA4 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000236637 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl
IFNA4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFIT1 gene. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000067297
IFIT1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5 is a gene that encodes a membrane protein thought to play a role in bone mineralization. The gene is located
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5
Interferon-induced_transmembrane_protein_5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon alpha-inducible protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFI6 gene. This gene was first identified as one of the many genes induced
IFI6
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
kinase 1 (TBK1). This causes the phosphorylation and the transport of the interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7 (IRF3 and IRF7) into the cell's nucleus. Once
MDA5
ELISpot assay used for tuberculosis diagnosis
assay used for tuberculosis diagnosis, which belongs to the group of interferon gamma release assays. The test is manufactured by Oxford Immunotec in
T-SPOT.TB
Chemical compound
recognized synthetic, small molecular weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer. It is used as an antiviral drug in some countries which do not
Tilorone
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon lambda receptor 1 is a subunit for the interferon lambda receptor encoded by the IFNLR1 gene. It was formerly known as interleukin 28 receptor
Interferon_lambda_receptor_1
Infectious disease
weakened immune systems. There are three principal tests for TB: the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), the tuberculin skin test, and the nucleic
Tuberculosis
Enzyme found in humans
ribonuclease 4 or 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-dependent ribonuclease, is an interferon (IFN)-induced ribonuclease which, upon activation, destroys all RNA within
Ribonuclease_L
Hemorrhagic fever caused by ebolaviruses
cells' ability to produce and respond to interferon proteins such as interferon-alpha, interferon-beta, and interferon gamma. The VP24 and VP35 structural
Ebola
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon regulatory factor 6 also known as IRF6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF6 gene. This gene encodes a member of the interferon
IRF6
Mammalian protein found in humans
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) also known as Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) or small-inducible cytokine B10 is an 8.7 kDa protein
CXCL10
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 (commonly termed IFIT2) is a protein that in humans is directed to be produced by the IFIT2
IFIT2
Mammalian protein found in humans
promoter region has a response element to IRF-1, the interferon regulatory factor. Type I interferons can also upregulate PD-L1 on murine hepatocytes, monocytes
PD-L1
Medical condition
a complete deficiency in the interferon-gamma receptor have significant elevations in plasma concentrations of interferon-gamma, which can be measured
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease
Mendelian_susceptibility_to_mycobacterial_disease
Medication
Interferon alfa 2a Interferon alfa 2b Interferon alfa n1 Interferon alfacon-1 Interferon alpha-n3 Interferon beta (IFN-β) (IFNB1, IFNB3) Interferon beta
Ruxolitinib
Chronic disease caused by bacterial infection
Some notable reagents include recombinant interleukin-2 and recombinant interferon-gamma reagents. Additionally, they have been key and have been useful
Leprosy
Frequently fatal immune reaction
syndrome in cases of COVID-19. Due to the increased levels of cytokines and interferons in patients with severe COVID-19, both have been investigated as potential
Cytokine_storm
Pharmaceutical drug classification
Pegbovigrastim L03AB01 Interferon alfa natural L03AB02 Interferon beta natural L03AB03 Interferon gamma L03AB04 Interferon alfa-2a L03AB05 Interferon alfa-2b L03AB06
ATC_code_L03
Group of clinically similar illnesses caused by species of hantaviruses
immune response and evade interferon-mediated antiviral signaling pathways in various ways, including by inhibiting interferon activation, inhibiting the
Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Hantavirus_hemorrhagic_fever_with_renal_syndrome
Medical condition
opportunistic pathogens. People with this condition have increased levels of anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies. These particular immune system proteins mistakenly
Adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome
Adult-onset_immunodeficiency_syndrome
immune response to viral infection. The encoded protein is induced by interferons and uses adenosine triphosphate in 2'-specific nucleotidyl transfer reactions
OAS1
Erythropoietin receptor agonist
Interferon alfa 2a Interferon alfa 2b Interferon alfa n1 Interferon alfacon-1 Interferon alpha-n3 Interferon beta (IFN-β) (IFNB1, IFNB3) Interferon beta
Cibinetide
Scottish virologist (1921–1967)
he co-discovered interferon with Swiss virologist Jean Lindenmann. He served as the head of the Laboratory for Research on Interferon at the National Institute
Alick_Isaacs
Sendai virus, virus of rodents
cells. Type I and type II interferons have anticancer activity (see the "Function" section in the "Interferon" article). Interferons can promote expression
Murine_respirovirus
Transcription factor and coding gene in humans
Specifically STAT1 can be activated by several ligands such as Interferon alpha (IFNα), Interferon gamma (IFNγ), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Platelet Derived
STAT1
INTERFERON
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INTERFERON
Boy/Male
Muslim
It was the name of the tabiee, Abu Salih
Biblical
judgment; striving
Girl/Female
Tamil
Love
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Punjabi, Sikh
Sugarcane
Surname or Lastname
English (Norfolk)
English (Norfolk) : from Middle English gode ‘good’ + body ‘person’, ‘creature’, apparently a nickname for a good person. Reaney, however, notes that the expression was used as a polite term of address, and the surname may therefore have arisen as a nickname for someone who habitually used this expression.
Male
Dutch
, defender of man.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
One with Modest Character
Boy/Male
Indian
Submitting himself to God
Male
Irish
(pronounced yo-wen) Ancient Irish Gaelic name, derived from the word iúr, EÓGHAN means "born of yew."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Blue Lotus
INTERFERON
INTERFERON
INTERFERON
INTERFERON
INTERFERON