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Interferometry examines the general interference phenomena between pairs of signals in order to gain useful information about the subsurface. Seismic
Seismic_interferometry
Generic name for a relatively persistent vibration of the ground
buildings, and dams; seismic studies of subsurface structure at many scales, often using the methods of seismic interferometry; Environmental monitoring
Seismic_noise
Measurement method using interference of waves
Interferometry is a technique which uses the interference of superimposed waves to extract information. Interferometry typically uses electromagnetic waves
Interferometry
Innermost part of Earth, a solid ball of iron-nickel alloy
"Support for equatorial anisotropy of Earth's inner-inner core from seismic interferometry at low latitudes". Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
Earth's_inner_core
Scientific study of earthquakes and propagation of elastic waves through a planet
interstellar bodies in general Seismic interferometry Seismic loading Seismic migration – Measurement process Seismic noise – Generic name for a relatively
Seismology
American geophysicist and seismologist
filtering seismic exploration data, eventually developing the field of time series analysis and seismic interferometry, modelling the propagation of seismic waves
Jon_Claerbout
Stratovolcano in Iceland
H. (2019). "Imaging Torfajökull's magmatic plumbing system with seismic interferometry and phase velocity surface wave tomography". Journal of Geophysical
Bárðarbunga
Volcano in Iceland
H. (2019). "Imaging Torfajökull's magmatic plumbing system with seismic interferometry and phase velocity surface wave tomography". Journal of Geophysical
Torfajökull
Vibration measurement using boreholes
In geophysics, vertical seismic profile (VSP) is a technique of seismic measurements used for correlation with surface seismic data. The defining characteristic
Vertical_seismic_profile
Geodesy and remote sensing technique
amplitude and the absolute phase of the return signal data. In contrast, interferometry uses differential phase of the reflected radiation, either from multiple
Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar
Interferometric_synthetic-aperture_radar
Instrument that records seismic waves by measuring ground motions
less noisy and gives better records of some seismic waves.[citation needed] The foundation of a seismic station is critical. A professional station is
Seismometer
New Zealand statistician
David R. Brillinger. His thesis was on statistical modelling for seismic interferometry and was titled Rūaumoko, after the god of earthquakes, volcanoes
Ross_Ihaka
space Fault Fold Oil and gas Joint Fracture Groundwater Seismology Seismic Interferometry Inversion Green's function Sleeman, Reinoud. "Ambient Earth noise
Subsurface mapping by ambient noise tomography
Subsurface_mapping_by_ambient_noise_tomography
German fibre optic sensing company
for distributed acoustic sensing data using a seafloor cable and seismic interferometry". Earth, Planets and Space. 74 (1): 92. doi:10.1186/s40623-022-01652-z
AP_Sensing
Imaging technique used in seismology
Seismic tomography or seismotomography is a technique for imaging the subsurface of the Earth using seismic waves. The properties of seismic waves are
Seismic_tomography
Earthquake in central Albania
months later, this seismic event highlighted vulnerabilities in the region's building infrastructure and prompted reviews of seismic safety protocols.
2019_Shijak_earthquake
Faults in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan
data following the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes, using various types of interferometry, has identified further fault segments within the Aso Caldera, the two
Futagawa-Hinagu_fault_zone
Volcano on Ross Island, Antarctica
volcano, Antarctica imaged by high-resolution active-source seismic tomography and coda interferometry". Journal of Geophysical Research. 118 (3): 1067–1078
Mount_Erebus
French seismologist
high-precision space geodesy (GPS and InSAR radar interferometry) and a pioneer in its applications to measure seismic deformations at the boundaries of tectonic
Éric_Calais
French geophysicist
effects' is widely used. It introduced the joint use of seismic data and radar interferometry in a non-linear inversion of the slip evolution during a
Michel_Campillo
Imaging by sections or sectioning using a penetrative wave
tomography Ocean acoustic tomography Sonar OAT Optical coherence tomography Interferometry OCT Optical diffusion tomography Absorption of light ODT Optical projection
Tomography
Research to predict volcanic activity
forecasting and prediction have processes based on past and present data. Seismic activity (earthquakes and tremors) always occurs as volcanoes awaken and
Prediction of volcanic activity
Prediction_of_volcanic_activity
Largest known active magmatic body
that it has decreased over the past decade. Various techniques, such as seismic, gravity, and electromagnetic measurements have been used to image the
Altiplano-Puna_Magma_Body
European space mission to measure gravitational waves
observatory. It aims to measure gravitational waves directly by using laser interferometry. The LISA concept features three spacecraft arranged in an equilateral
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna
Physics of the Earth and its vicinity
positions of two or more points can be determined using very-long-baseline interferometry. Gravity measurements became part of geodesy because they were needed
Geophysics
the theory and art of seismic exploration. He is a pioneer of computer-modelling wave propagation and of seismic interferometry, examining the structure
Meanings of minor-planet names: 156001–157000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_156001–157000
Intracontinental strike-slip fault in Tibet
average slip rate along the Haiyuan Fault is 3.2–9 mm/yr. The Tianzhu seismic gap is a 260 km (160 mi) long, unruptured segment on the western end of
Haiyuan_Fault
The angular diameters of stars can be measured directly using stellar interferometry. Other methods can use lunar occultations or from eclipsing binaries
List_of_largest_stars
Gravitational wave observatory site
United States with the aim of detecting gravitational waves by laser interferometry. Two additional, smaller gravitational wave observatories are now operational:
LIGO
Location used for observing terrestrial or celestial events
and Chajnantor in Chile. A related discipline is Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI).[citation needed] Since the mid-20th century, a number of astronomical
Observatory
Submarine volcanic eruption near the Canary Islands
Islands) and National Geographic Institute's seismic monitoring station located in Valverde. The seismic monitoring network was increased in density on
2011–12_El_Hierro_eruption
British geologist and geophysicist
the Seismic Discrimination Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Between 1977 and 1981 he was a visiting scientist in the Seismic Discrimination
James_Jackson_(geophysicist)
American volcanologist (1949–1980)
deformation monitoring networks around volcanoes now consist of InSAR (interferometry), surveys of networks of GPS monuments, microgravity surveys in which
David_A._Johnston
Cancelled Canadian Mars lander and rover mission
targeted utilizing a combination of Doppler radar and very long baseline interferometry. This data would processed by a high-resolution orbital model that utilizes
Northern_Light_(spacecraft)
Earthquakes in the Northwest Territories, Canada
Machine Ristau, Johannes (1999). Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry in the Study of the Nahanni Earthquake Region (PDF) (MSc thesis). University
1985_Nahanni_earthquakes
Gravitational wave detector in Germany
Additionally, some new estimates of the level of holographic noise in interferometry show that it must be much smaller in magnitude than was claimed by Hogan
GEO600
Italian tsunami
gas and ash emissions from the summit craters. On 30 December 2002, the seismic network recorded two large collapses of a huge portion of the Sciara del
2002_Stromboli_tsunami
Natural hazard involving ground movement
investigation of landslides by space-borne synthetic aperture radar interferometry". Geo-Spatial Information Science. 27 (3): 602–623. Bibcode:2024GSIS
Landslide
Science of materials that compose the interior of planets
provides information that allows interpretation of surface measurements of seismic waves, gravity anomalies, geomagnetic fields and electromagnetic fields
Mineral_physics
Classification systems for mass movement of rock and regolith
Huangtupo landslide in the Three Gorges region (China) constrained by radar interferometry". Geophysical Journal International. 197 (1): 213–232. Bibcode:2014GeoJI
Landslide_classification
Earthquake in Iran
(SE Iran) earthquake: precise source parameters from satellite radar interferometry". Geophysical Journal International. 159 (3): 917–922. Bibcode:2004GeoJI
2003_Bam_earthquake
Star system in the Centaurus constellation
Centauri AB were among the listed "Tier-1" target stars for NASA's Space Interferometry Mission (S.I.M.). Detecting planets as small as three Earth-masses or
Alpha_Centauri
Shear zone in East Africa
; Derauw, D. (21 September 1998). "Combination of spaceborne radar interferometry (DEM) and Landsat TM imageries contributing to recent tectonic and geology
Aswa_Dislocation
Magnitude 8.0 earthquake in China
Daguangbao mega-landslide (China) using Sentinel-1 TOPS time series interferometry". Remote Sensing of Environment. 186: 501–513. Bibcode:2016RSEnv.186
2008_Sichuan_earthquake
Country in Southeast Asia and Oceania
"Earthquake fault of the 26 May 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake observed by SAR interferometry". Earth, Planets and Space. 61 (7). Springer Nature Link: e29–e32. Bibcode:2009EP&S
Indonesia
Volcanic eruption in Iceland
Grímsvötn volcanic system. However, not all scientists are of this opinion, as seismic studies are consistent with a 10 km (6.2 mi) lateral dike intrusion at
1996_eruption_of_Gjálp
Seismic faults in Washington State
Sound region is not just potentially seismic, it is actively seismic. Mapping from the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network shows that the bulk of the earthquakes
Puget_Sound_faults
Representation or reproduction of an object's form
in addition to amplitude, enabling techniques such as holography and interferometry. Non-coherent imaging systems, including conventional photography, fluorescence
Imaging
"Shallow creep on the Haiyuan Fault (Gansu, China) revealed by SAR Interferometry" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 117: B06401. doi:10.1029/2011JB008732
Zhongwei-Tongxin_fault
Natural satellite orbiting Earth
Slade, M.A. (June 4, 1999). "Topography of the Lunar Poles from Radar Interferometry: A Survey of Cold Trap Locations" (PDF). Science. 284 (5420): 1658–1660
Moon
Volcano in New Zealand
"Monitoring of phreatic eruptions using Interferometry on Retrieved Cross-Correlation Function from Ambient Seismic Noise: Results from Mt. Ruapehu, New
Mount_Ruapehu
American Civil Engineer
international expert in the fields of earthquake engineering, seismic soil liquefaction, and seismic displacement analysis of ground failures. Kayen's research
Robert_Kayen
Geological state that may lead to widespread damage or risk
particular constitute a fast-growing sector of research as they involve seismic, tectonic, volcanic processes now occurring at higher frequency, and often
Geological_hazard
Glacier in Switzerland
test-bed for early-warning technology. Continuous GPS, radar interferometry and automatic seismic arrays installed since 1998 detect precursory acceleration
Allalin_Glacier
Alloy of nickel and iron with low coefficient of thermal expansion
field—can induce linear strains. In ultra-precision applications such as interferometry or semiconductor lithography, these magnetically induced expansions
Invar
Smooth curve outlining the extremes of an oscillating signal
(2005). "§2.2.9 Relation between the phase and group velocity vectors". Seismic Ray Theory. Cambridge University Press. p. 35. ISBN 0521018226. G Bastard;
Envelope_(waves)
Earthquake in Tajikistan
on this structure. Based on observations of ground rupture from SAR interferometry, the earthquake ruptured a 79 km section of the Sarez–Karakul fault
2015_Tajikistan_earthquake
Measurement of the strength of a gravitational field
Y. Chung and S. Chu "High-precision gravity measurements using atom interferometry" Metrologia 38(1), pp. 25 - 61 (2001) - DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10
Gravimetry
Earthquake in Mexico
7.2 earthquake. By the distribution of aftershocks and using radar interferometry, the main shock rupture was found to have occurred on a previously unmapped
2010 Baja California earthquake
2010_Baja_California_earthquake
Earthquake in Iran
and UNICEF. Qeshm Island is part of the Simply Folded Belt, the most seismically active part of the Zagros fold and thrust belt. Similar to most earthquakes
2005_Qeshm_earthquake
Reconstruction of a filtered signal
representation of the terahertz image. When performing image synthesis in radio interferometry, a specific kind of radio astronomy, one step consists of deconvolving
Deconvolution
Subdiscipline of measurement and signature intelligence
techniques address many of the limiting factors associated with SAR interferometry, such as atmospheric induced distortions. UHF and VHF SAR have begun
Radar_MASINT
Italian radar observation satellite system
applied to defense and security assurance in Italy and other countries, seismic hazard analysis, environmental disaster monitoring, and agricultural mapping
COSMO-SkyMed
Function used in signal processing
report). Max Planck Institute (MPI) für Gravitationsphysik / Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy. 395068.0. Retrieved 2013-02-10. Also
Window_function
Volcano on eastern Umnak Island in the central-eastern Aleutian Islands of Alaska
Jeffrey T.; Meyer, David J. (10 May 2000). "Synthetic aperture radar interferometry of Okmok volcano, Alaska: Radar observations". Journal of Geophysical
Mount_Okmok
First planet from the Sun
not shed much further light on Mercury, but radio astronomers using interferometry at microwave wavelengths, a technique that enables removal of the solar
Mercury_(planet)
Device used to measure gravitational waves
resonant antennas has occurred. A more sensitive detector uses laser interferometry to measure gravitational-wave induced motion between separated 'free'
Gravitational-wave observatory
Gravitational-wave_observatory
Stratovolcano in Bolivia
rate due to the Altiplano–Puna magma body observed with Sentinel-1 interferometry". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 491: 43–47. Bibcode:2018E&PSL
Uturuncu
Instrument for detecting planets
spectrum.[citation needed] Planet-detection is in some cases limited by the seismic pulsations of the star observed rather than by limitations of the instrument
High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher
High_Accuracy_Radial_Velocity_Planet_Searcher
Landslide in Sichuan, China
assessment of 2017 catastrophic Xinmo landslide (China) by spaceborne SAR interferometry". Landslides. 16 (6): 1189–1199. doi:10.1007/s10346-019-01152-4. hdl:10045/89476
2017_Sichuan_landslide
Area of research in signal processing
a set of sensors that are spatially separated, e.g. radio antenna and seismic arrays. The sensors used for a specific problem may vary widely, for example
Array_processing
Instrument for sensing microscopic vibrations of a surface
M; Dillier, N; Fisch, U (2001). "Evaluation of eardrum laser doppler interferometry as a diagnostic tool" (PDF). The Laryngoscope. 111 (3): 501–7. doi:10
Laser_Doppler_vibrometer
Motion of Earth's rotational axis relative to its crust
observed routinely by space geodesy methods such as very-long-baseline interferometry, lunar laser ranging and satellite laser ranging. The annual component
Polar_motion
Magnitude 5.9 earthquake in southern Iran
Uplift associated with the earthquake has been measured using SAR interferometry. The results are consistent with a fault that did not reach the surface
2008_Qeshm_earthquake
In 2014 the team led by Professor Ashwin Seshia published results on a seismic-grade resonant MEMS accelerometer. Expanding on this in 2017-18, the team
MEMS_gravimeters
Professor of Aeronautics (born 1956)
emphasis on the use of high speed visible and IR diagnostics and laser interferometry for the study of thermal fatigue, catastrophic failure and dynamic localization
Ares_J._Rosakis
Earthquake in Java, Indonesia
"Earthquake fault of the 26 May Yogyakarta earthquake observed by SAR interferometry", Earth, Planets and Space, 61 (7): e29–e32, doi:10.1186/BF03353189
2006_Yogyakarta_earthquake
Large ice stream, fastest melting glacier in Antarctica
extremely remote, but scientists have surveyed the ice with radar, GPS, and seismic sensors. Most of the data about the glacier has been gathered from aerial
Pine_Island_Glacier
also collaborated with the Environmental Agency on Persistent Scatter Interferometry (PSI) in London, which attracted national media coverage for revealing
Viridien_Satellite_Mapping
Earthquake in Northwestern Albania
part of Albania is dominated by active thrust tectonics. The region is seismically active, with several M ≥ 6 earthquakes in the last hundred years. In
2019_Albania_earthquake
Volcanic field in the Andes mountain range, Chile
and the global scientific community after it was detected by radar interferometry. Between January 2006 and January 2007 uplift of 18 cm/year (7.1 in/year)
Laguna_del_Maule_(volcano)
Volcanic dome between Chile and Argentina
volcanic complex system based on satellite wide swath and image mode interferometry: The Lazufre system, central Andes". Remote Sensing of Environment.
Lazufre
accurately measure temperature and pressure. Acoustic interferometry can be used to measure seismic velocities through a material or to infer density of
Anvil_press
Data acquisition method for earth sciences
radar technique (SAR Interferometry, also called InSAR) provides land displacement measurement up to cm scale. SAR interferometry is a technology utilizing
Remote_sensing_in_geology
assessment of 2017 catastrophic Xinmo landslide (China) by spaceborne SAR interferometry". Landslides. 16 (6): 1189–1199. Bibcode:2019Lands..16.1189D. doi:10
List_of_landslides
2010 earthquake centered in Yushu, Qinghai, China
80 km has been derived from a study of ground rupture backed up by SAR interferometry. Three fault segments have been identified, the most northwesterly of
2010_Yushu_earthquake
Proposed ESA mission to Venus
radiometry and scatterometry, (5) surface polarimetry, (6) repeat pass interferometry opportunities. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's instrument selected by
EnVision
Branch of astronomy using gravitational waves
violent cosmic events. Gravitational waves are now detected using laser interferometry, which measures tiny changes in the length of two perpendicular arms
Gravitational-wave_astronomy
Earthquake in Afghanistan
right-lateral strike-slip Harirud (or Herat) Fault, which is far less seismically active than the Chaman Fault that runs through the east of the country
January 2022 Afghanistan earthquakes
January_2022_Afghanistan_earthquakes
Device that measures magnetism
by measuring the piezoelectricity of the cantilever, or by optical interferometry off the surface of the cantilever. Faraday force magnetometry uses the
Magnetometer
Aspect of relativity in physics
Archived 2016-02-16 at the Wayback Machine The idea of using laser interferometry for gravitational wave detection was first mentioned by Gerstenstein
Gravitational_wave
Inhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation Interference (wave propagation) Interferometry Internal wave Inverse scattering transform Ion acoustic wave Irradiance
Index_of_wave_articles
System that detects unauthorised entry
sensing technologies may be used, including Rayleigh scattering or interferometry. If the cable is disturbed, the light will change and the intrusion
Security_alarm
Stratovolcano in the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes
"Insight into ground deformations at Lascar volcano (Chile) from SAR interferometry, photogrammetry and GPS data: Implications on volcano dynamics and future
Lascar_(volcano)
coatings — Measurement of coating thicknesses — Fizeau multiple-beam interferometry method ISO 3869:2017 Agglomerated cork — Expansion joint fillers — Specifications
List of ISO standards 3000–4999
List_of_ISO_standards_3000–4999
leading astronomer in development and application of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) in galactic structure imaging and measurements; member of National
List of California Institute of Technology people
List_of_California_Institute_of_Technology_people
Device for measuring a physical quantity
radiation. Camera EMF meter Interferometer used in the wide field of interferometry Microwave power meter Optical power meter Photographic plate Photomultiplier
List_of_measuring_instruments
European space telescope that operated between 2006 - 2014
Archive – Online astronomical exoplanet catalog and data service Space Interferometry Mission – Cancelled NASA space telescope Terrestrial Planet Finder –
CoRoT
Ice-covered stratovolcano on Unalaska island in the Aleutian islands, Alaska, U.S.
interferometric coherence characteristics revealed by satellite radar interferometry at Makushin Volcano, Alaska: 1993–2000" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical
Makushin_Volcano
Lake under a glacier
West Antarctic Ice Sheet through three-dimensional satellite radar interferometry". Geophysical Research Letters. 32 (3) 2004GL021387: L03501. Bibcode:2005GeoRL
Subglacial_lake
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