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Highly polymorphic DNA region
A hypervariable region (HVR) is a location within a sequence where polymorphisms frequently occur. It is used in two contexts: In the case of nucleic acids
Hypervariable_region
Topics referred to by the same term
loci Hypervariable locus, a locus with many alleles; especially those whose variation is due to variable numbers of tandem repeats Hypervariable region (HVR)
Hypervariable
Part of the variable chains in immunoglobulins and T cell receptors
H3-rules are empirical rules to build models of CDR3. Framework region Hypervariable region Osajima T, Suzuki M, Neya S, Hoshino T (September 2014). "Computational
Complementarity-determining region
Complementarity-determining_region
regions and three of which are hypervariable regions. The framework region makes up about 85% of the variable region. Located on the tips of the Y-shaped
Framework_region
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
recognized in hypervariable-only samples by the following essential mutations: Hypervariable region 1: 16224C, 16234T, 16311C, 16519C Hypervariable region 2: 073G
Haplogroup_K1a1b1a_(mtDNA)
Protein family
the hypervariable region, are extremely variable in sequence and account for the high variation in antigenicity of Streptococcus strains. This region binds
M_protein_(Streptococcus)
RNA component
sections of the 16S sequence across different taxa. Although no hypervariable region can accurately classify all bacteria from domain to species, some
16S_ribosomal_RNA
Topics referred to by the same term
British Columbia, Canada Hotham Valley Railway, in Western Australia Hypervariable region, a location within nuclear or mitochondrial DNA Hypoxic ventilatory
HVR
Species of virus
interactions hepatitis C has with the immune system. A hypervariable region, the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) can be found on the E2 glycoprotein. HVR1 is
Hepatitis_C_virus
Region in northern Pakistan
mtDNA) for determination of maternal affinities, diversity in the hypervariable region and availability of haplogroups, in different tribes. "Races and
Hazara_region
Non-coding region of the mitochondrial DNA
found that mutations in the control region of mtDNA have been linked with aging as well. D-loop Hypervariable region McBride, Heidi M.; Neuspiel, Margaret;
MtDNA_control_region
Matrilineal most recent common ancestor of all living humans
1999). "Substitution rate variation among sites in mitochondrial hypervariable region I of humans and chimpanzees". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 16
Mitochondrial_Eve
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
up the GTPase domain, and the remaining amino acids are part of a hypervariable region ending at the C-terminus in a CAAX motif (C – cysteine, A – aliphatic
RHEB
Proposed cause of autoimmunity
example, the QKRAA sequence is an amino acid motif in the third hypervariable region of HLA-DRB1*04:01. This motif is also expressed on numerous proteins
Molecular_mimicry
Protein-coding gene in humans
Hagmann J (September 2000). "Structure and function of the C-terminal hypervariable region of K-Ras4B in plasma membrane targetting and transformation". Oncogene
KRAS
Mummified Inca girl sacrifice
Andes. Researchers also identified a unique genetic sequence within Hypervariable Region 2 (HV2) that was not present in the mitochondrial DNA databases available
Mummy_Juanita
Protein found in humans
contains at its C-terminus a 21 residue hypervariable region between human, mouse, and hamster receptors. This region was shown to confer specificity to receptor
Syncytin-1
Commercial genetic testing company
[citation needed] FamilyTreeDNA's first mtDNA tests were for HVR1 (hypervariable region 1) of the mtDNA.[citation needed] Eventually, they added a Plus test
FamilyTreeDNA
zone Hybridoma Hydrogen bond Hydroxyapatite Hypermorph Hyperploid Hypervariable region Hypomorph Hypoploid Hypostatic gene Ichthyosis Identical twin Identity
Index_of_genetics_articles
Port city in southern Iraq
Muften; Al-Badran, Adnan Issa (11 April 2020). "Mitochondrial DNA (hypervariable region I) diversity in Basrah population - Iraq". Genomics. 112 (5): 3560–3564
Basra
Genetic study of ancient Neanderthal DNA
Krainitzki, H.; Pääbo, S. (1999). "DNA sequence of the mitochondrial hypervariable region II from the Neandertal type specimen". Proceedings of the National
Neanderthal_genetics
Observation in evolutionary biology
saturation occurs most rapidly on fast-evolving sequences, such as the hypervariable region of mitochondrial DNA, or in short tandem repeats such as on the Y-chromosome
Genetic_saturation
Realm of viruses
prophage contains a hypervariable region that prevents superinfection of the same cell with other microviruses that have similar hypervariable regions. Microviruses
Volvereviria
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
proximity during rapid prehistoric population expansions, standard hypervariable region (HVR) sequencing often fails to resolve the exact ancestral origins
Haplogroup_T_(mtDNA)
Human infectious disease
position : the hypervariable region evolved faster (4.55×10−3 substitutions per site per year) than the hepatitis delta antigen coding region (2.60×10−3 substitutions
Hepatitis_D
Human disease
(1998). "Comparison of the rate of sequence variation in the hypervariable region of E2/NS1 region of hepatitis C virus in normal and hypogammaglobulinemic
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
different from Rab11a. High sequence diversity in the C-terminal hypervariable region is responsible for variable membrane targeting between these proteins
RAB11B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
100% match in their effector-binding region. The two isoforms mainly differ in the C-terminal hypervariable region, which contains multiple sites for post-translational
RALA
Intermolecular and intramolecular interactions between protein and carbohydrate moieties
have the similar structure except the hypervariable region which is called the antigen binding site. This region is constituted by the combination of various
Protein–carbohydrate interaction
Protein–carbohydrate_interaction
Overview of and topical guide to immunology
Regions Paratope Complementarity-determining region (CDRs) Hypervariable region Framework region Fab Region Fc Region Polyclonal B cell response Cell-mediated
Outline_of_immunology
Theories on the ancient Italian civilization
Etruscans were a native population. The study extracted and typed the hypervariable region of mitochondrial DNA of 14 individuals buried in two Etruscan necropoleis
Etruscan_origins
DNA-based genetic test
mitochondrial Haplogroup determination test based on mutations in Hypervariable Region 1 and 2 may establish whether a person's direct female line belongs
Genealogical_DNA_test
Archaological dating based on mutation rate
1999), "Substitution rate variation among sites in mitochondrial hypervariable region I of humans and chimpanzees", Mol. Biol. Evol., 16 (10): 1357–68
Human mitochondrial molecular clock
Human_mitochondrial_molecular_clock
DNA analysis of Jewish populations
research by M. Thomas et al. that was based on studying only the hypervariable region 1 (HVS-I) seemed to show that about 26%-27% of Moroccan Jews descend
Genetic_studies_of_Jews
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
lipase-like (CELL) gene is ubiquitously expressed and contains a hypervariable region". Genomics. 17 (2): 416–22. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1341. PMID 7691717
Bile_salt-dependent_lipase
Austronesian language spoken in southern Thailand and in western Burma
(2009). "Origins of the Moken Sea Gypsies Inferred from Mitochondrial Hypervariable Region and Whole Genome Sequences". Journal of Human Genetics. 54 (2): 86–93
Moken_language
Species of lichen
Peltigera by a distinct molecular characteristic: the absence of the hypervariable region in the ITS1 (ITS1-HR), which is present in all other currently recognized
Peltigera_islandica
structure probing experiments. Downstream of this pseudoknot lies the hypervariable region (HVR), which is supported by many covarying base pairs in alphacoronaviruses
Coronavirus_3′_UTR
Technique used for species identification and phylogenetic studies
already been developed, mainly targeting the 18S rRNA. Using the V4 hypervariable region of the ribosomal small subunit DNA (SSU rDNA), DNA-based identification
Algae_DNA_barcoding
Baicharoen S, Hirai Y, Srikulnath K, Kongprom U, Hirai H (2016). "Hypervariability of Nucleolus Organizer Regions in Bengal Slow Lorises, Nycticebus bengalensis
Nucleolus_organizer_region
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
100% match in their effector-binding region. The two isoforms mainly differ in the C-terminal hypervariable region, which contains multiple sites for post-translational
RALB
Italian scientist and entrepreneur
(1998). "Towards a solution for hepatitis C virus hypervariability: mimotopes of the hypervariable region 1 can induce antibodies cross-reacting with a large
Riccardo_Cortese
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMC 1794682. PMID 17260966. Amarasinghe C, Jin JP (Jun 2015). "N-Terminal Hypervariable Region of Muscle Type Isoforms of Troponin T Differentially Modulates the
Troponin T, fast skeletal muscle
Troponin_T,_fast_skeletal_muscle
DNA and genealogical research institution
of the D-loop of mtDNA: HVR1, HVR2 and HVR3 which is called the Hypervariable region. Mutations in these areas of mtDNA are extremely rare and have likely
Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation
Sorenson_Molecular_Genealogy_Foundation
Archaeological site in Marche, Italy
multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis comparing the mtDNA of the first hypervariable region in the Novilaran population to samples of Italians who lived in 1833
Novilara_necropolis
Species of lichen
sister species P. aubertii, by a unique internal transcribed spacer 1 hypervariable region (ITS1-HR). The close genetic relationship with P. aubertii was corroborated
Peltigera_hydrophila
American virologist
virus infection in chimpanzees by hyperimmune serum against the hypervariable region 1 of the envelope 2 protein. Proceedings of the National Academy
Robert_Purcell_(virologist)
Protein(s) forming a major part of an organism's immune system
as the FV region. It is the subregion of Fab that binds to an antigen. More specifically, each variable domain contains three hypervariable regions –
Antibody
Genus of viruses
mutation rate and inter-strain homologous recombination within a hypervariable region that is located in the vp2 gene. At approximately 3,200 bp in length
Avibirnavirus
Cave and archaeological site in Russia
individual, dubbed Okladnikov 2. The mtDNA sequences of the HVR I (hypervariable region I) from Okladnikov 2 confirmed that the individual was Neanderthal
Okladnikov_Cave
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMID 26296490. S2CID 41713544. Amarasinghe C, Jin JP (Jun 2015). "N-Terminal Hypervariable Region of Muscle Type Isoforms of Troponin T Differentially Modulates the
Troponin T, slow skeletal muscle
Troponin_T,_slow_skeletal_muscle
Method of species identification using a short section of DNA
different organismal groups using barcoding. The most commonly used barcode region for animals and some protists is a portion of the cytochrome c oxidase I
DNA_barcoding
Subgroup of a haplogroup in genetics
single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the hypervariable regions and the coding region of mitochondrial DNA. They are named with the capital
Subclade
Species of epiphytic orchid
(pp. 1-24). Kishor, R., & Sharma, G. J. (2018). The use of the hypervariable P8 region of trn L (UAA) intron for identification of orchid species: Evidence
Phalaenopsis inscriptiosinensis
Phalaenopsis_inscriptiosinensis
Immune response chemical interaction
that recognizes and binds to an antigen. The rest of the V region between the hypervariable regions are called framework regions. Each V domain has four
Antigen-antibody_interaction
Southern subregion of South America
Jorquera, H; Cifuentes, L; Armanet, L (30 June 2002). "Frequency of the hypervariable DNA loci D18S849, D3S1744, D12S1090 and D1S80 in a mixed ancestry population
Southern_Cone
Cushitic ethnic group native to the Horn of Africa
generated so far is limited to the analysis of the first hypervariable segment (HVS-1) of the control region (CR). Therefore, this study aimed on the investigation
Somalis
Gene in the species Homo sapiens
the beta-sandwich is connected by a series of loops, which define a hypervariable loop system, that may have a role in determining the specificity of
Immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1
Immunoglobulin_heavy_constant_alpha_1
British geneticist (born 1950)
PMC 3909909. PMID 24490906. Jeffreys, A.; Wilson, V.; Thein, S. (1985). "Hypervariable 'minisatellite' regions in human DNA". Nature. 314 (6006): 67–73. Bibcode:1985Natur
Alec_Jeffreys
Turkic ethnic group
contribution to Azerbaijan. A 2001 study which looked into the first hypervariable segment of the MtDNA suggested that "genetic relationships among Caucasus
Azerbaijanis
many other bacteria revealed conserved and hypervariable domains reminiscent of conserved and hypervariable sequences found in allorecognition molecules
Multicopy_single-stranded_DNA
Genus of gram-negative bacteria
A characteristic of most Campylobacter genomes is the presence of hypervariable regions, which can differ greatly between different strains. Studies
Campylobacter
Indigenous people in Sri Lanka
Eurasian haplogroups." One phylogenetic study on mitochondrial DNA hypervariable segments HVI and part of HVII showed the Vedda to be "genetically distinct
Vedda
Repeating sequences of 2–13 base pairs of DNA
PMC 5785450. PMID 28949426. Jeffreys AJ; Wilson V; Thein SL (1985). "Hypervariable 'minisatellite' regions in human DNA". Nature. 314 (6006): 67–73. Bibcode:1985Natur
Microsatellite
Probe which tests for biological molecules
AgBPs are constituted by a set of hypervariable (or randomized) residue positions, located in a unique sub-region of the protein, and supported by a
Biosensor
Topics referred to by the same term
expectations and their reality. Complementarity-determining region, one of six hypervariable loops which determine the antigen specificity of a given antibody
CDR
Species of bird
are only weakly differentiated with regard to mtDNA D-loop and hypervariable control region sequences and microsatellite genotyping. As they nonetheless
Rock_partridge
Human mitochondrial DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
HV10 H Defining mutation C/T at location 16298 in segment I one of the hypervariable segment is labeled as HV0 as of 2012. The percentage of people that
Haplogroup_HV
Protein complex on the surface of T cells that recognizes antigens
β-chain each have three hypervariable or complementarity-determining regions (CDRs). There is also an additional area of hypervariability on the β-chain (HV4)
T-cell_receptor
Repeating segment of DNA (10-60 base pairs)
(G)) and pyrimidines (cytosine (C) and thymine (T)).[citation needed] Hypervariable minisatellites have core units 9–64 bp long and are found mainly at
Minisatellite
Form of immunotherapy
crystallizable region) part of the molecule. The Fab fragments contain the variable domains, which consist of three antibody hypervariable amino acid domains
Monoclonal_antibody_therapy
Whitechapel murder victim (1842–1888)
alleged DNA match was based on one of seven small segments taken from the hypervariable regions within the DNA. The segment contained a sequence variation described
Catherine_Eddowes
Antibodies from non-human species made nearly identical to human ones
dubbed "Campath-1" was developed to bind CD52 using a mouse system. The hypervariable loops of Campath-1 (that contain its CDRs and thereby impart its ability
Humanized_antibody
Genus of flowering plants
Robertson J (January 2003). "Short tandem repeat (STR) DNA markers are hypervariable and informative in Cannabis sativa: implications for forensic investigations"
Cannabis
Post-translational modification
of Rab proteins varies in length and sequence and is referred to as hypervariable. Thus Rab proteins do not have a consensus sequence, such as the CAAX
Prenylation
error-prone reverse transcriptase is responsible for generating these hypervariable regions in target proteins (Mutagenic retrohoming). In mutagenic retrohoming
Diversity-generating retroelement
Diversity-generating_retroelement
Technique used to identify individuals via DNA characteristics
nucleotide substitutions in the first and second hypervariable segments of the human mtDNA control region". International Journal of Legal Medicine. 109
DNA_profiling
Migrations of Indo-Aryans into the Indian subcontinent
S.; Saha, A.; Rai, E.; Bhat, A.; Bamezai, R. (2005), "Human mtDNA hypervariable regions, HVR I and II, hint at deep common maternal founder and subsequent
Indo-Aryan_migrations
Disulfide-rich ring peptides found in plants
cyclotide architecture comprises a conserved core onto which a series of hypervariable loops is displayed suggest that cyclotides may be able to target many
Cyclotide
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Gorvel JP, Stelzer E, Simons K, Gruenberg J, Zerial M (October 1991). "Hypervariable C-terminal domain of rab proteins acts as a targeting signal". Nature
RASEF
Subsystem of the immune system
PMID 19840170. Dong Y, Taylor HE, Dimopoulos G (July 2006). "AgDscam, a hypervariable immunoglobulin domain-containing receptor of the Anopheles gambiae innate
Adaptive_immune_system
Malaysian haematologist
Sciences 2026 – Warren Alpert Foundation Prize Thein, Swee Lay (1985). "Hypervariable 'minisatellite'regions in human DNA". Nature. 314 (6006): 67–73. Bibcode:1985Natur
Swee_Lay_Thein
Species of bacterium
dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis of human origin, and its hypervariability in the 5'-terminal region forms the basis for categorization into separate emm-types
Streptococcus_dysgalactiae
Cellular mechanism in B cells
mutations occur mostly at "hotspots" in the DNA, which are concentrated in hypervariable regions. These regions correspond to the complementarity-determining
Somatic_hypermutation
Cascade of intracellular and molecular events for transmission/amplification of signals
crystallizable region). An analysis of multiple V region sequences by Wu and Kabat identified locations within the V region that were hypervariable and which
Signal_transduction
Field of anthropology
the boundary has changed. Such recombinant changes in the non-recombinant region of Y are extremely rare.[citation needed] Mitochondrial DNA became an area
Molecular_anthropology
Archaeological horizon of Neolithic Europe
additional sample each from Austria and Hungary. Although the full hypervariable segment I (HVSI) sequences were not published, the study identified
Linear_Pottery_culture
Species of virus
serotypes described, the 11th in 2004. AAV capsid proteins contain 12 hypervariable surface regions, with most variability occurring in the threefold proximal
Adeno-associated_virus
British biologist and professor
Nucleotide Substitutions in the First and Second Hypervariable Segments of the Human mtDNA Control Region', International Journal of Legal Medicine 109 (1996)
Erika_Hagelberg
Spanish). 130 (8). doi:10.4067/S0034-98872002000800006. "Frequency of the hypervariable DNA loci D18S849, D3S1744, D12S1090 and D1S80 in a mixed ancestry population
Demographics of the Southern Cone
Demographics_of_the_Southern_Cone
Era of prehistory prior to Copper & Bronze ages in each region
is Chikhi. In his 1998 study, utilising polymorphic loci from seven hypervariable autosomal DNA loci, an autocorrelation analysis produced a clinal pattern
Neolithic_Europe
DNA located in mitochondria
is usually accomplished on human mitochondrial DNA by sequencing the hypervariable control regions (HVR1 or HVR2), and sometimes the complete molecule
Mitochondrial_DNA
Vietnamese breed of dog
DIVERSITY OF PHU QUOC RIDGEBACK DOGS BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL DNA HYPERVARIABLE-1 REGION". Journal of Biotechnology. 14 (1A): 245–253. Quan, Q.D.; Nguyen
Phu_Quoc_Ridgeback
Lake system in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
is a key factor underlying the system's distinctive environmental hypervariability. Lake St Lucia comprises three distinct sub-basins, each with differing
Lake_St._Lucia
but the residues at the 12th and 13th positions are hypervariable (these two amino acids are also known as the repeat variable diresidue
Transcription activator-like effector
Transcription_activator-like_effector
Species of bacterium
gene is approximately 1,550 base pairs long. Its gene contains four hypervariable regions, indicating that it synthesises many antigenically different
Orientia_tsutsugamushi
Patterns of nucleic acids that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome
"Meiotic recombination hotspots: shaping the genome and insights into hypervariable minisatellite DNA change". Current Topics in Developmental Biology.
Repeated_sequence_(DNA)
Class of enzyme complexes
of Rab proteins varies in length and sequence and is referred to as hypervariable. Thus Rab proteins do not have a consensus sequence, such as the CAAX
Rab_geranylgeranyltransferase
Immunological process
chain. Each chain has a variable (V) region and a constant (C) region. The V regions each contain 3 hypervariable regions that make up the antigen-binding
Antigen_processing
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMID 15780842. Dong Y, Taylor HE, Dimopoulos G (July 2006). "AgDscam, a hypervariable immunoglobulin domain-containing receptor of the Anopheles gambiae innate
DSCAM
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