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Disulfide-rich ring peptides found in plants
In biochemistry, cyclotides are small, disulfide-rich peptides isolated from plants. Typically containing 28–37 amino acids, they are characterized by
Cyclotide
Species of legume
conducted. Clitoria ternatea produces a class of cyclic peptides known as cyclotides, which exhibit potent insecticidal properties. These naturally occurring
Clitoria_ternatea
Protein structural motif
the growth factor cystine knot (GFCK) and the cyclic cystine knot (CCK; cyclotide). Types include a) cyclic mobius, b) cyclic bracelet and c) acyclic inhibitor
Inhibitor_cystine_knot
Peptide chains which contain a circular sequence of bonds
two cysteines, the neurotransmitter oxytocin being a notable example. Cyclotides are a family of cysteine-rich peptides characterized by six conserved
Cyclic_peptide
Molecular biology technique
individual residues on structure and activity in the prototypic cyclotide kalata B1. Cyclotides display a wide range of pharmaceutically important bioactivities
Alanine_scanning
Protein structural motif
knot (ICK), common in spider and snail toxins Cyclic cystine knot, or cyclotide The growth factor cystine knot was first observed in the structure of
Cystine_knot
Species of flowering plant
kaempferol. V. tricolor is one of many viola plant species containing cyclotides. These small peptides have proven to be useful in drug development due
Viola_tricolor
Group of related peptides
extracts. Cliotides belong to a larger classification of peptides, the cyclotides. Preliminary studies show that cliotides display a variety of biochemical
Cliotide
Genus of flowering plants
Most violas tested and many other plants of the family Violaceae contain cyclotides. Viola odorata is used as a source for scents in the perfume industry
Viola_(plant)
Malaysian rice dish from Kelantan
Jackson; David J. Craik (28 May 2019). "Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea), a Cyclotide-Bearing Plant With Applications in Agriculture and Medicine". Frontiers
Nasi_kerabu
Species of gastropod
be infected with pathogenic Angiostrongylus cantonensis in 2009. Crude cyclotide extracts from both Oldenlandia affinis and Viola odorata plants showed
Pomacea_canaliculata
Species of flowering plant in the family Violaceae
of disturbed and cultivated areas. Viola arvensis was shown to contain cyclotides, a class of peptides found in plants. The peptide cycloviolacin O2 in
Viola_arvensis
Plants used to treat Animal & Human Illnesses
W, et al. (August 2010). "Isolation and characterization of cytotoxic cyclotides from Viola tricolor". Peptides. 31 (8): 1434–40. doi:10.1016/j.peptides
List of plants used in herbalism
List_of_plants_used_in_herbalism
Molecules connected due to their topology
examples have been found in biological systems including: cystine knots, cyclotides or lasso-peptides such as microcin J25 which are proteins, and a variety
Mechanically interlocked molecular architectures
Mechanically_interlocked_molecular_architectures
Species of flowering plant
20–61 cm (8–24 in). The plant contains the alkaloid violin, about 30 cyclotides, and triterpenoids, mostly as constituents of the essential oil.[citation
Viola_odorata
Genus of flowering plants
Göransson, Ulf (2010-01-01). "Cyclotide proteins and precursors from the genus Gloeospermum: Filling a blank spot in the cyclotide map of Violaceae". Phytochemistry
Gloeospermum
German sculptor
structure. Cycloviolacin, sculpture of cycloviolacin Kalata, sculpture of the cyclotide kalata B1 Melittin, sculpture of melittin Nanos, sculpture of microcin
Julian_Voss-Andreae
Class of enzymes
PMID 18086282. Craik DJ (February 2012). "Host-defense activities of cyclotides". Toxins. 4 (2): 139–56. doi:10.3390/toxins4020139. PMC 3317112. PMID 22474571
Asparagine_endopeptidase
Interlocked molecular structure resembling a dumbbell
found in naturally occurring peptides, including: cystine knot peptides, cyclotides or lasso-peptides such as microcin J25. The earliest reported synthesis
Rotaxane
Species of flowering plant
endangered species conservation and for somaclonal variation-enhanced cyclotide biosynthesis. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 120, 179–190 (2015). doi.org/10
Viola_uliginosa
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens, named for ketazocine
Gattringer J, Emser FS, Freissmuth M, et al. (August 2021). "Plant-Derived Cyclotides Modulate κ-Opioid Receptor Signaling". Journal of Natural Products. 84
Κ-opioid_receptor
Genus of flowering plants
body pain in fever and malaria. Both hedyotide B1 and B2 belong to the cyclotide superfamily which was known to be an important part of plant innate defense
Hedyotis
Membrane proteins that adhere temporarily to membranes with which they are associated
bacteriostatic. Defensins Insect defensins Plant defensins, including Cyclotides and thionins Defensins are a type of antimicrobial peptide; and are an
Peripheral_membrane_protein
Class of chemical compounds
characterized cyclotides, which are between 28 - 37 amino acids in size. Cyclotides are plant natural products and the different cyclotides appear to be
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides
Ribosomally_synthesized_and_post-translationally_modified_peptides
acids,1 disulfide), conotoxin cVc1.1 (22 amino acids, 2 disul-fides) and cyclotide kB1 (29 amino acids, 3 disulfides). Using X-ray diffraction, it was found
Racemic_crystallography
Species of flowering plant
parturition in livestock. Researchers found that the plant contained novel cyclotides, but further research is needed on the efficacy of these extracts. Ojo
Rinorea_dentata
Species of flowering plant
rubbed with other herbs in butter to make a massage oil. Several unique cyclotides have been isolated from this species, that have cytotoxic properties and
Viola_abyssinica
David J. (2004-05-25). "Thermal, Chemical, and Enzymatic Stability of the Cyclotide Kalata B1: The Importance of the Cyclic Cystine Knot". Biochemistry. 43
U7-ctenitoxin-Pn1a
Cellular and molecular physiologist
during labour. Her work has also investigated the use of plant-derived cyclotides as well as modifications to the natural hormone oxytocin to serve as templates
Susan_Wray
Antimicrobial peptide
system of countless organisms. Plant AMPs such as defensins, thionins, and cyclotides have been investigated as alternatives to conventional antibiotics, especially
Guavanin_2
cyclosporins MeSH D12.644.641.235.300 – cyclosporine MeSH D12.644.641.243 – cyclotides MeSH D12.644.641.252 – dactinomycin MeSH D12.644.641.270 – daptomycin
List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.644)
CYCLOTIDE
CYCLOTIDE
CYCLOTIDE
CYCLOTIDE
Girl/Female
Tamil
Desired
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Protection; Shelter
Girl/Female
Latin American Spanish Turkish
Beloved.
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, German, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
Kind and Friendly; Kind; Gentle
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Protector of the Lotus
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, French, Latin
Blind; From the Roman Clan Name Caecilius
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Love; Affection; Friendliness
Boy/Male
Tamil
Moist
Girl/Female
Sikh
Ray of light, Brightness
Girl/Female
Teutonic German
Strong.
CYCLOTIDE
CYCLOTIDE
CYCLOTIDE
CYCLOTIDE
CYCLOTIDE