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Amount of DNA contained in a genome
Genome size is the total amount of DNA contained within one copy of a single complete genome. It is typically measured in terms of mass in picograms (trillionths
Genome_size
All genetic material of an organism
Bacterial genome size Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources DNA methylation Genome Browser Genome Compiler Genome topology Genome-wide association
Genome
Central North American species of penstemon
species. However, genome size was relatively unknown for the species, which can be important for taxonomy. Scientists estimated the genome size for 40% of the
Penstemon_digitalis
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
Genome size varies greatly between species. The smallest—the ssDNA circoviruses, family Circoviridae—code for only two proteins and have a genome size
Virus
Genome of bacteria
genomes are generally smaller and less varied in size between species when compared with genomes of eukaryotes. Bacterial genomes can range in size anywhere
Bacterial_genome
All genes of all strains in a clade
species with a closed pan-genome, very few genes are added per sequenced genome (after sequencing many strains), and the size of the full pangenome can
Pan-genome
Sequencing all the DNA of an individual at once
Whole genome sequencing (WGS), also known as full genome sequencing or just genome sequencing, is the process of determining the entirety of the DNA sequence
Whole_genome_sequencing
Process by which a genome changes in structure or size over time
Genome evolution is the process by which a genome changes in structure (sequence) or size over time. The study of genome evolution involves multiple fields
Genome_evolution
Chromosomal crossover resulting in gene duplication or deletion
increase of genome size, and as unequal crossing over is the main mechanism for gene duplication, unequal crossing over contributes to genome size evolution
Unequal_crossing_over
Species of rotifer
Haploid '1C' genome sizes in the Brachionus plicatilis species complex range at least from 0.056 to 0.416 pg. The complete mitochondrial genome of B. plicatilis
Brachionus_plicatilis
Amount of DNA contained in a haploid nucleus
the terms C-value and genome size are used interchangeably; however, in polyploids the C-value may represent two or more genomes contained within the same
C-value
Family of insects
insects. Genome size is a fundamental characteristic of an organism. Ants have been found to have tiny genomes, with the evolution of genome size suggested
Ant
List of largest organisms on Earth
according to various aspects of an organism's size, such as: mass, volume, area, length, height, or even genome size. Some organisms group together to form a
Largest_organisms
Genus of carnivorous plants
25-fold range in genome size among its species and notably includes some of the smallest known plant genomes. For example, the genome of G. nigrocaulis
Genlisea
Phylum of pseudocoelomate invertebrates
starfish, and tardigrades. The genome size of a bdelloid rotifer, Adineta vaga, was reported to be around 244 Mb. The genomes of Monogononts seem to be significantly
Rotifer
Species of pathogenic bacterium found in water
patients who have higher levels of iron. The genome size of V. vulnificus is approximately 5.3 Mbp. The genome is organized into two circular replicons,
Vibrio_vulnificus
Genus of rotifers
mother. Haploid '1C' genome sizes in Brachionus species range at least from 0.056 to 0.416 pg. The complete mitochondrial genome of B. plicatilis sensu
Brachionus
Field of biological research
analysis begins with a simple comparison of the general features of genomes such as genome size, number of genes, and chromosome number. Table 1 presents data
Comparative_genomics
Overview of the genome of Apples
whole genome sequence (WGS) for a double-haploid strain of the Golden Delicious variety of apple was published. This new sequence revealed a genome size of
Apple_genome
Apicomplexa life cycle
may help explain the elevated mutation rates in pathogens with reduced genome size. Trematode life cycle stages Jadwiga Grabda (1991). Marine fish parasitology:
Apicomplexan_life_cycle
Study of changes in DNA and RNA over time
little evidence to suggest that genome size is under strong widespread selection in multicellular eukaryotes. Genome size, independent of gene content,
Molecular_evolution
The Animal Genome Size Database is a catalogue of published genome size estimates for vertebrate and invertebrate animals. It was created in 2001 by Dr
Animal_Genome_Size_Database
Species of seed-bearing shrub
Ephedra nevadensis. The 1C genome size of Ephedra antisyphilitica has been estimated at 38.34pg, which is the largest genome reported for any gymnosperm
Ephedra_antisyphilitica
DNA sequences with no known biological function
that the human genome could not contain more than 40,000 genes and that less than 10% of the genome was functional. The size of genomes in various species
Junk_DNA
Genus of bacteria
specific and acquired by lateral gene transfer. The genomes of lactobacilli are highly variable, ranging in size from 1.2 to 4.9 Mb (megabases). Accordingly,
Lactobacillus
Virus of bacteria
antibacterial agents or the delivery of therapeutic genes. The genomes of corynephages can vary widely in size. They typically range from about 15,000 to 100,000
Corynebacteriophage
Concept in genetics
biochemical pathways. A good model for a minimal genome is Mycoplasma genitalium, due to its very small genome size. Most genes that are used by this organism
Minimal_genome
DNA that does not code for proteins
nuclear genome (100.7 Mb) compared to most plants. It likely evolved from an ancestral genome that was 1,500 Mb in size. The bladderwort genome has roughly
Non-coding_DNA
Genus of giant crustaceans
body size is often presented as an example of abyssal gigantism. Genetic studies into the species have found that it has an exceptionally large genome, which
Alicella
Ecological concept
species, areas of the genome that have more genes and/or less genetic recombination tend to have lower effective population sizes, because of the effects
Effective_population_size
Region of often-methylated DNA with a cytosine followed by a guanine
There is generally an inverse correlation between genome size and number of CpG islands, as larger genomes typically have a greater number of transposable
CpG_site
Genus of giant virus possessing a large double-stranded DNA genome
physical size of any known viral genus, behind Pithovirus, Klothovirus casanovai, and Megaklothovirus. Pandoraviruses have double stranded DNA genomes, with
Pandoravirus
Family of fruit bats
ISBN 978-3-11-056067-1. Smith, J. D. L.; Gregory, T. R. (2009). "The genome sizes of megabats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) are remarkably constrained". Biology
Megabat
Subfamily of viruses in the family Coronaviridae
viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. The genome size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26
Coronavirus
Genus of flowering plants in family Liliaceae
fleshy scales, resembling those of lilies. They are known for their large genome size and genetically are very closely related to lilies. They are native to
Fritillaria
Statistics used in genome assembly
Note that N50 is calculated in the context of the assembly size rather than the genome size. Therefore, comparisons of N50 values derived from assemblies
N50, L50, and related statistics
N50,_L50,_and_related_statistics
"sequenced" eukaryotic genomes contains all the eukaryotes known to have publicly available complete nuclear and organelle genome sequences that have been
List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes
List_of_sequenced_eukaryotic_genomes
Species of conifer
Pinus to have its complete genome sequenced. In March 2014, it was the organism with the largest sequenced genome size. Its genome, with 22 billion base pairs
Pinus_taeda
having a smaller genome size with less non-coding DNA and fewer non-essential genes. There is a lot of variation in prokaryotic genome size, with the smallest
Streamlining_theory
Viral parasites of giant viruses
counterparts can have genomes as large as 1–2 Mbp (megabasepairs). Some of the largest genomes of virophages are similar to the genome size of an adenovirus
Virophage
Genetic segments that can enhance their own transmission at the expense of other genes
recognized to affect a wide swath of biological processes, ranging from genome size and architecture to speciation. Observations of what is now referred
Selfish_genetic_element
List of microorganisms
determined according to various aspects of organism size, including volume, mass, height, length, or genome size. Given the incomplete nature of scientific knowledge
Smallest_organisms
is a diploid organism having a haploid genome size of 15.9 Gb, it has 4.9x as much DNA as does a human genome (3.2 Gb). Other species in the genus Allium
Onion_test
genomes are among the smallest genomes of eukaryotes. The sizes of fungal genomes range from less than 10 Mbp to hundreds of Mbp. The average genome size
Fungal_genome
Species of fly
terrestrial animal native to the continent. It also has the smallest known insect genome as of 2014, with only 99 million base pairs (Mbp) of nucleotides and about
Belgica_antarctica
Lab technique in biology and chemistry
detection Diagnosis of health disorders such as blood cancers Measuring genome size A flow cytometry analyzer is an instrument that provides quantifiable
Flow_cytometry
This list of sequenced animal genomes contains animal species for which complete genome sequences have been assembled, annotated and published. Substantially
List of sequenced animal genomes
List_of_sequenced_animal_genomes
Genus of flowering plants
; Brown, S C; Nadot, S (2005). "Evolution of genome size across some cultivated Allium species". Genome. 48 (3): 511–520. doi:10.1139/g05-017. ISSN 0831-2796
Allium
Genus of cnidarians
vulgaris). The genomes of cnidarians are usually less than 500 Mb (megabases) in size, as in the green hydras, which has a genome size of approximately
Hydra_(genus)
larger genomes can be seen when comparing genome size and genome content across eukaryotic taxa. There is a positive correlation between genome size and
Evolution of biological complexity
Evolution_of_biological_complexity
Very large DNA virus
their smallest dimension (making them visible by light microscopy) and a genome size greater than 200-300 kb pairs. All known giant viruses belong to the
Giant_virus
Topics referred to by the same term
Genome size Genome project Genomics All pages with titles containing Genome This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Genome.
Genome_(disambiguation)
Percentage of guanine and cytosine in DNA or RNA molecules
GC-content dynamics across 33 mammalian genomes: Relationship with life-history traits and chromosome sizes". Genome Research. 20 (8): 1001–1009. doi:10.1101/gr
GC-content
Oxygen-delivering blood cell and the most common type of blood cell
TR (2001). "The bigger the C-value, the larger the cell: genome size and red blood cell size in vertebrates". Blood Cells, Molecules & Diseases. 27 (5):
Red_blood_cell
Model plant species in the family Brassicaceae
showing a genome size of approximately 61 Mbp. It was the first plant genome to be sequenced, completed in 2000 by the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative
Arabidopsis_thaliana
Branch of virology
utilized due to the typically small genome size and existing reverse transcription machinery present. The genome size of RNA viruses generally ranges from
Synthetic_virology
loci in different individuals. genome instability genome size The total amount of DNA contained within one copy of a genome, typically measured by mass (in
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(0–L)
Change in the heritable traits of populations
different genome sizes. The hypothesis of Lynch regarding genome size relies on mutational biases toward increase or decrease in genome size. However, mutational
Evolution
Breed of goat
Animal Sciences University (CVASU). The genome analysis of Black Bengal Goat has shown that its genome size is about 3.04 gb of which around 31.85% are
Black_Bengal_goat
Subfamily of aquatic plants
smallest genome size (150 MB, similar to Arabidopsis thaliana), while the most derived genus, Wolffia, contains plants with the largest genome size (1,500 MB)
Lemnoideae
Virus classification system made by David Baltimore
alternative splicing, whether the virus's genome is segmented, the size and structure of the virus's genome, the host range of viruses, whether the virus
Baltimore_classification
Measure of the completeness of DNA sequencing
pairs expressed as a multiple of genome size. Genomic coverage, the percentage of all base pairs or loci of the genome covered by sequencing. Even though
Coverage_(genetics)
Genus of bacteria
growth, employing the pathways that use the least amount of energy. The genomes of many of Cyanothece species have been sequenced, ranging from 4.79 to
Cyanothece
Species of plant
chromosomal rearrangements after polyploidy have contributed to variation in genome size in Poa annua. It has a slightly creeping, fibrous, rootstock. The stem
Poa_annua
Evolutionary theory
maintain a large (>6 Mb) genome encoding thousands of proteins. Plastids and mitochondria exhibit a dramatic reduction in genome size when compared with their
Symbiogenesis
Collection of the total genomic DNA from a single organism
vector also considering the ideal insert size to find the desired number of clones necessary for full genome coverage. Genomic libraries are commonly
Genomic_library
Šiljak-Yakovlev S (1998) Genome size and base composition of seven Quercus species: inter- and intra-population variation. Genome, 41: 162–168. Doležálková
List of organisms by chromosome count
List_of_organisms_by_chromosome_count
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
annotated using FINDER. The genome size, and the number of genes it encodes varies widely between organisms. The smallest genomes occur in viruses, and viroids
Gene
Genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae
Paula J. Rudall, Michael F. Fay, and Mark W. Chase. 2006. "Phylogeny, genome size, and chromosome evolution of Asparagales". Aliso 22(Monocots: Comparative
Agapanthus
Species of beetle
chromosome. The genome size of this species is estimated to be around 238 to 345 Mb which is significantly smaller than the median genome size of 760 Mb for
Drugstore_beetle
Lightly packed form of chromatin that is enriched in genes
along with the nucleus, possibly as a mechanism to handle increasing genome size. Euchromatin is composed of repeating subunits known as nucleosomes,
Euchromatin
Parasitic crustacean of fish
larger than female genome size due to erosion of the W-chromosome in the heterozygotic female. Available data suggest that the genome sizes of salmon lice
Salmon_louse
Evolution
with the expected reduction in genome size, and incorporation of genes into the host genome, tertiary plastid genome consists of about 14 genes. These
Plastid_evolution
This list of sequenced plant genomes contains plant species known to have publicly available complete genome sequences that have been assembled, annotated
List of sequenced plant genomes
List_of_sequenced_plant_genomes
Species of fish
the animal and is possibly among the causes of such a large genome. Genome § Genome size "Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitzinger 1837 (South American lungfish)"
South_American_lungfish
Species of fungus
C. albicans cells mate when they are in the opaque form. The diploid genome size is approximately 29 Mb, and up to 70% of the protein coding genes have
Candida_albicans
Species of bacteria
and is a defining biochemical signature of the genus Myxococcus. The genome size and composition are consistent with other members of the Myxococcus/Pyxidicoccus
Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis
Myxococcus_llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis
Species of flowering plant
Brown, S.; Siljak-Yakovlev, S.; Bertrand, H.; Lambert, C. (2001-07-01). "Genome size variation and species relationships in the genus Hydrangea". Theoretical
Hydrangea_quercifolia
Genus of cycads in the family Zamiaceae
Lindström (2016) measured genome size in 71 species of Zamia and found support for three geographical groupings. Variation in genome size of Zamia species is
Zamia
Genus of carnivorous plants
substitution and the dynamic evolution of genome size (via double strand breaks). The dramatic shift in genome size and high mutation rates may have allowed
Utricularia
This list of sequenced algal genomes contains algal species known to have publicly available complete genome sequences that have been assembled, annotated
List of sequenced algae genomes
List_of_sequenced_algae_genomes
Genus of bacteria
Analysis of the genome sequences of Prochlorococcus strains show that 1,273 genes are common to all strains, and the average genome size is about 2,000
Prochlorococcus
Species of mite
the family Tetranychidae or spider mites. Its genome was fully sequenced in 2011, and was the first genome sequence from any chelicerate. T. urticae was
Tetranychus_urticae
Subspecies of ape
of humans, 15% of the human genome was found to be more like that of the gorilla. In addition, 30% of the gorilla genome "is closer to human or chimpanzee
Western_lowland_gorilla
Species of freshwater amoeboid
projections called pseudopods. P. dubium reportedly has one of the largest genome size of any organism known, though the authors of a 2004 study suggest treating
Polychaos_dubium
Number of sets of chromosomes of a cell
eukaryotic genome-scale or genome size databases and other sources which may list the ploidy levels of many organisms: Animal genome size database Protist
Ploidy
Species of bacterium
were sequences and analyzed, finding the following information: The genome size of the five different strains of V. harveyi ranges from 5.88 to 6.18
Vibrio_harveyi
Species of fungus
produce industrial citric acid (CA). The A. niger ATCC 1015 genome was sequenced by the Joint Genome Institute in a collaboration with other institutions. Completed
Aspergillus_niger
Genome resulting from the mating of closely related species
Eukaryote hybrid genomes result from interspecific hybridization, where closely related species mate and produce offspring with admixed genomes. The advent
Eukaryote_hybrid_genome
Species of flowering plant in the grape vine family
vinifera, with a genome size of 986 Mbp, encoding 58,912 predicted protein-coding genes. For comparison, the human genome only encodes about 20,000
Vitis_vinifera
Science of genes, heredity and variation
to edit the DNA of non-viable human embryos using CRISPR. Bacterial genome size Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources Eugenics Embryology Genetic
Genetics
Phylum of bacteria
as molecular characteristics including guanine-cytosine content and genome size. Many organisms within the Spirochaetota phylum cause prevalent diseases
Spirochaete
Study of genetic variants in different individuals
In genomics, a genome-wide association study (GWA study, or GWAS), is an observational study of a genome-wide set of genetic variants in different individuals
Genome-wide_association_study
Species of plant in the family Poaceae
2011 obtain genome size estimates and transposable element (TE) content by high-throughput sequencing. They find ~50% difference in size and that divergence
Zea_luxurians
Species of flowering plant with edible fruits
sole member of the genus to have 2N=14 chromosomes. In 2009, the cucumber genome was sequenced. A study of genetic recombination during meiosis provided
Cucumber
Species of legume
model plant for genome studies in legumes, particularly in reference to rhizobial and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Small genome size of about 470 Mb
Lotus_japonicus
Moth mainly used in the production of silk
The genome of the domestic silk moth is mid-range with a genome size around 432 million base pairs. A notable feature is that 43.6% of the genome are
Bombyx_mori
Observation that in many real-life datasets, the leading digit is likely to be small
introduction. The number of open reading frames and their relationship to genome size differs between eukaryotes and prokaryotes with the former showing a
Benford's_law
Synthetic genome is a synthetically built genome whose formation involves either genetic modification on pre-existing life forms or artificial gene synthesis
Synthetic_genomes
Subfamily of orchids
Suda, Jan (May 2013). "Genome size variation in Orchidaceae subfamily Apostasioideae: filling the phylogenetic gap: Genome Size in Apostasioideae". Botanical
Apostasioideae
GENOME SIZE
GENOME SIZE
Boy/Male
African, American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Jamaican, Latin, Portuguese, Swiss
Of Holy Name; Sacred
Girl/Female
French German
Of the race of women.
Girl/Female
Teutonic
Strong with a spear.
Female
English
Variant spelling of Latin Lenora, LENORE means "foreign; the other."
Girl/Female
Greek American French
Light.
Male
English
Short form of English Eugene, GENE means "well born."
Girl/Female
Celtic, Christian, German, Welsh
Race of Women; White Wave; White and Smooth; Soft
Female
English
Pet form of English Eugenia, GENIE means "well born." This is also a pet form of English Genevieve, probably meaning "race of women."
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Genny, probably GENNIE means "race of women."
Girl/Female
Latin Greek
Daughter of Cebren.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname, sometimes ironic, from Middle English, Old French gentil ‘well born’, ‘noble’, ‘courteous’ (Latin gentilis, from gens ‘family’, ‘tribe’, itself from the root gen- ‘to be born’).
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Latin
Light; Pity; Foreign
Male
English
English form of French Jérôme, JEROME means "holy name."
Male
Hawaiian
Hawaiian form of Greek Hieronymos, KELOME means "holy name."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Groom.
Surname or Lastname
French (Jérôme) and English
French (Jérôme) and English : from the medieval
personal name Jérôme (French), Jerome (English),
from Greek HierÅnymos (see Hieronymus). This achieved
some popularity in France and elsewhere, being bestowed in honor of St
Jerome (?347–420), creator of the Vulgate, the standard Latin
version of the Bible.English (of Norman origin) : from a personal
name, Gerram, composed of the Germanic elements gÄr, gÄ“r ‘spear’ + hraban ‘raven’.A Jerome is recorded in Montreal in 1655 with the secondary
surnames Beaune and Leblanc. Another bearer of the name,
from Brittany, is recorded in Montreal in 1705 with the secondary
surname
Boy/Male
Australian, French, German, Greek, Jamaican
Sacred Name; Holy Name
Boy/Male
Latin American Greek
Holy name.
Girl/Female
British, English, Greek
Born of Zeus
Girl/Female
Australian, French, German
Of the Race of Women; Juniper
GENOME SIZE
GENOME SIZE
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sidhdesh | ஸீதà¯à®¤à¯‡à®·Â
Lord Shiva name
Boy/Male
British, English
Born Free
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Acquirer; Earner
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
Calm; With Good Heart
Boy/Male
Hindu
Without sound, Quiet, Silent
Girl/Female
Muslim
Granting
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Son of Goddess
Girl/Female
Indian
Virtuous, Outstanding, Superior, Cultured and refined
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Greek
Good.
GENOME SIZE
GENOME SIZE
GENOME SIZE
GENOME SIZE
GENOME SIZE
superl.
Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh, or stern; mild; meek; bland; amiable; tender; as, a gentle nature, temper, or disposition; a gentle manner; a gentle address; a gentle voice.
n.
To infect with venom; to envenom; to poison.
n.
Wine mixed with honey; mead,
superl.
Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or disturbing; easy; soothing; pacific; as, a gentle touch; a gentle gallop .
p. p.
of Become
n.
A dwarf; a goblin; a person of small stature or misshapen features, or of strange appearance.
n.
A monomial.
superl.
Not wild, turbulent, or refractory; quiet and docile; tame; peaceable; as, a gentle horse.
a.
Having a kind or gentle disposition.
n.
Renown.
n.
An imaginary being, supposed by the Rosicrucians to inhabit the inner parts of the earth, and to be the guardian of mines, quarries, etc.
a.
Of or pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy.
v. t.
To mark out plainly; to signify by a visible sign; to serve as the sign or name of; to indicate; to point out; as, the hands of the clock denote the hour.
n.
A small owl (Glaucidium gnoma) of the Western United States.
n. pl.
A suborder of soft-rayed fresh-water fishes of which the blackfish of Alaska (Dallia pectoralis) is the type.
a.
Having numerous or conspicuous veins; veiny; as, a venose frond.
superl.
A compellative of respect, consideration, or conciliation; as, gentle reader.
n.
A brief reflection or maxim.
n.
Renown.
n. sing. & pl.
A native or inhabitant of Genoa; collectively, the people of Genoa.