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Proposed ultra-lightweight design for a space telescope
A Fresnel imager is a proposed ultra-lightweight design for a space telescope that uses a Fresnel array as primary optics instead of a typical lens. It
Fresnel_imager
Compact composite lens
detector's sensitivity in that direction. Fresnel imager Fresnel zone plate Lenticular lens Linear Fresnel reflector Prism lighting J. Wells (3 April
Fresnel_lens
Near-field diffraction
domain. Fraunhofer diffraction Fresnel integral Fresnel zone Fresnel number Augustin-Jean Fresnel Ridged mirror Fresnel imager Arago spot Euler spiral Born
Fresnel_diffraction
Optical property
coarse criterion based on Fresnel number. Fraunhofer distance Fresnel diffraction Fresnel imager Fresnel integral Fresnel zone Near and far field Talbot
Fresnel_number
Device used to focus light using diffraction
open-source zone-plate image generator is available. Arago spot Diffraction grating Fresnel imager Fresnel lens Fresnel number Fresnel zone antenna Photon
Zone_plate
French optical physicist (1788–1827)
Fresnel diffraction Elliptical polarization Fresnel (unit of frequency) Fresnel–Arago laws Fresnel equations Fresnel imager Fresnel integral Fresnel lantern
Augustin-Jean_Fresnel
Equations of light transmission and reflection
The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel coefficients) describe the reflection and transmission of light (or electromagnetic radiation in general) when incident
Fresnel_equations
History of research by Augustin-Jean Fresnel
The French civil engineer and physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788–1827) made contributions to several areas of physical optics, including to diffraction
Fresnel's_physical_optics
Special function defined by an integral
The Fresnel integrals S(x) and C(x), and their auxiliary functions F(x) and G(x) are transcendental functions named after Augustin-Jean Fresnel that are
Fresnel_integral
Research institute in optics and photonics located in Marseille, France
Fresnel Institute The Fresnel Institute (French: Institut Fresnel) is a research laboratory dedicated to optics and photonics located in Marseille, France
Fresnel_Institute
Interference phenomenon of waves
diffraction Fiber diffraction Fraunhofer diffraction equation Fresnel imager Fresnel number Fresnel zone Kikuchi lines Point spread function Precession electron
Diffraction
Historically important optical effect
spot, Poisson spot, or Fresnel spot is a bright point that appears at the center of a circular object's shadow due to Fresnel diffraction. This spot played
Arago_spot
Instrument that makes distant objects appear magnified
with lenses to form an image. A Fresnel imager is a proposed ultra-lightweight design for a space telescope that uses a Fresnel lens to focus light. Beyond
Telescope
Convex lens used to magnify images
single lens but is much thinner. This arrangement is known as a Fresnel lens. Fresnel lenses are used as magnifiers, for example for reading printed text
Magnifying_glass
Optical prism
A Fresnel rhomb is an optical prism that introduces a 90° phase difference between two perpendicular components of polarization, by means of two total
Fresnel_rhomb
X-ray imaging space telescope
Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA) (also known as EP-WXT-pathfinder) is a wide-field X-ray imaging space telescope built by Chinese Academy of Sciences
Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy
Lobster_Eye_Imager_for_Astronomy
Biform lighthouse lens design (1885–1920s)
Hyper-radial or hyperradiant Fresnel lenses are Fresnel lenses used in lighthouses. They are larger than "first-order" lenses, having a focal length (radius)
Hyperradiant_Fresnel_lens
X-ray space telescope
field of view. "Lobster-eye" optics was first tested by the Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA) mission, launched in 2022. WXT consists of 12 lobster-eye
Einstein_Probe
Type of particle beam
neutral atoms. The imaging systems using the slow atomic beams can use the Fresnel zone plate (Fresnel diffraction lens) of a Fresnel diffraction mirror
Atomic_beam
Complete reflection of a wave
Augustin-Jean Fresnel, in 1823, added to the evidence in favor of the wave theory of light. The phase shifts are used by Fresnel's invention, the Fresnel rhomb
Total_internal_reflection
Method of microscopic imaging
pattern, a Fresnel diffraction pattern or, in the case of Fourier ptychography, an image. The "ptycho" convolution in a Fourier ptychographic image derived
Ptychography
Concept in optics
ray and wave-normal directions are the same, and Fresnel's modification makes no difference. Fresnel also admitted that, had he not felt constrained by
Plane_of_polarization
Region of a magnetic material in which the magnetization has uniform direction
domain structures down to the nanoscale. Most common techniques include Fresnel mode, Foucault mode and low-angle electron diffraction (LAD) in parallel
Magnetic_domain
Camera part
either a ground glass or Fresnel lens, found in a system camera that allows the user of the camera to preview the framed image in a viewfinder. Often,
Focusing_screen
Medical intervention
transducer, after reaching a distance from the transducer (near zone length or Fresnel zone), the beam width narrows to half of the transducer width, and after
Medical_ultrasound
Device that projects a transparent image
optical quality (since the sharpness of the image does not depend on it), a Fresnel lens is employed. The Fresnel lens is located at (or is part of) the glass
Overhead_projector
Lensless computational imaging method
not limited to, plane-wave DCI, Bragg CDI, ptychography, reflection CDI, Fresnel CDI, and sparsity CDI. Ptychography builds on CDI by introducing spatial
Coherent_diffraction_imaging
Reflections of objects from the structure of the eye
generally known as glint. The brightness of the Purkinje images can be determined using Fresnel's equation: Intensity (brightness) = ( n ′ − n ) 2 / ( n
Purkinje_images
1959 35mm single-lens reflex camera
cornerstone of the world's first professional caliber 35mm SLR system." [imaging.nikon.com/history/chronicle/history-f/ Debut of Nikon F - Design philosophy
Nikon_F
Imaging systems using changes in phase
by recording several images at different detector-sample distances and using algorithms based on the linearization of the Fresnel diffraction integral
Phase-contrast_X-ray_imaging
Angle of incidence for which all reflected light will be polarized
reflected is described by the Fresnel equations, and depends on the incoming light's polarization and angle of incidence. The Fresnel equations predict that
Brewster's_angle
Transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light
tuned over many orders of magnitude by a micrometric screw. Biprism (or Fresnel biprism): two prisms joined at their bases, forming a wide vertex angle
Prism_(optics)
Experiment measuring the speed of light in moving water
seemingly supported the partial aether-drag hypothesis of Augustin-Jean Fresnel. Over half a century passed before a satisfactory explanation of Fizeau's
Fizeau_experiment
Indirectly forming images from measurements using algorithms
including conventional CDI, Bragg CDI, Fresnel CDI, reflection or grazing-incidence CDI, coherent modulation imaging, and holographic CDI. Bragg CDI is especially
Computational_imaging
Polarization state
terms were coined by Augustin-Jean Fresnel, in a memoir read to the French Academy of Sciences on 9 December 1822. Fresnel had first described the case of
Circular_polarization
Historic lighthouse in California, United States
by a smaller beacon) and officially retired the Fresnel lens from regular duty. The First order Fresnel lens is no longer lit to celebrate special occasions
Pigeon_Point_Lighthouse
Headland on the near side of the Moon
28°38′N 4°45′E / 28.63°N 4.75°E / 28.63; 4.75 Promontorium Fresnel (Latin for "Cape Fresnel") is a headland on the near side of the Moon. It is located
Promontorium_Fresnel
Electronic sensor that measures infrared light
infrared energy onto the sensor. Each individual facet is a Fresnel lens. Multi-Fresnel lens type of PIR PIR motion detector housing with cylindrical
Passive_infrared_sensor
Wave phenomenon
of the wavelength. Numerical approximations may be used, including the Fresnel and Fraunhofer approximations. Because diffraction is the result of addition
Diffraction_from_slits
Proposed concept lunar orbiter
Spektr-M (2035) Proposed Arcus Astro-1 Telescope AstroSat-2 EXCEDE Fresnel Imager FOCAL GSST-PMM HabEx HWO Hypertelescope ILO-1 iWF-MAXI JEM-EUSO LUCI
Dark_Ages_Radio_Explorer
1972 35mm single-lens reflex camera
Minolta focusing screens for X-1/XK/XM Type Image Field Center focusing aid Notes P Ground matte Fresnel Split-image rangefinder, 4 mm diameter Suitable for
Minolta_X-1
Response of an optical system to a point source of light
Huygens–Fresnel principle, Fraunhofer diffraction) that the field radiated by a planar object (or, by reciprocity, the field converging onto a planar image)
Point_spread_function
Refractive property of materials
one of the strongest birefringences. In the 19th century, Augustin-Jean Fresnel described the phenomenon in terms of polarization, understanding light
Birefringence
1971 35mm single-lens reflex camera
Type K screen had central 3 mm split image rangefinder and 1 mm microprism collar focusing aids on a matte/Fresnel background plus a 12 mm etched circle
Nikon_F2
spectrum Fresnel (frequency) Fresnel Imager Fresnel diffraction Fresnel equations Fresnel mirror Fresnel number Fresnel rhomb Fresnel zone Fresnel–Arago
Index_of_physics_articles_(F)
Optical filter device
states are relative to the direction of a surface (usually found with Fresnel reflection), they are usually termed s and p. This distinction between
Polarizer
Lighthouse in New York, United States
68 metres) high. The current light is a 31⁄2 order bivalve (clamshell) Fresnel lens. On April 12, 1792, construction on the lighthouse was authorized
Montauk_Point_Light
"Bouncing back" of waves at an interface
equations for a light ray striking a boundary allows the derivation of the Fresnel equations, which can be used to predict how much of the light is reflected
Reflection_(physics)
FD-mount 35mm single-lens reflex camera
the through-the-lens (TTL) image disappears from the viewfinder, and a different meter display appears below the TTL image, which indicates which shutter
Canon_New_F-1
Failure of a lens to focus all colors on the same point
"phase fresnel" or PF), and 800 mm f/11, 600 mm f/11, and 400 mm f/4 models by Canon (branded as "diffractive optics" or DO). They produce sharp images with
Chromatic_aberration
Regions of an electromagnetic field
the far-field region is commonly taken to exist at distances, when the Fresnel parameter S {\displaystyle S} is larger than 1: S = 4 λ D 2 r > 1 , for
Near_and_far_field
Imaging technology for x-ray or gamma sources
telescopes. Image modulation by apertures is, therefore, often used instead. The pinhole camera is the most basic form of such a modulation imager, but its
Coded_aperture
English polymath (1773–1829)
Young's work was subsequently supported by the work of Augustin-Jean Fresnel. Young belonged to a Quaker family of Milverton, Somerset, where he was
Thomas_Young_(scientist)
Lighthouse in Pennsylvania, United States
to an automated red flashing light in 1995, at which time the 4th order Fresnel lens was sent to the Erie Maritime Museum. In 2021, the lighthouse was
Erie_Harbor_North_Pier_Light
Light rays follow quickest paths
(whatever the ray direction). So in this case, Fresnel does not attempt to trace the complete ray path. Next, Fresnel considers a ray refracted from a point-source
Fermat's_principle
Dispersive optical device
based on the theory of plane waves and an improved model based on the Fresnel diffraction theory was developed by Xiao and Weiner in 2004. VIPA devices
Virtually_imaged_phased_array
Mirror-like wave reflection
angle of incidence, and with increasing absorptivity at the boundary. The Fresnel equations describe the physics at the optical boundary. Reflection may
Specular_reflection
Optical device which transmits and refracts light
development of lighthouses in terms of cost, design, and implementation. Fresnel lens were developed that considered these constraints by featuring less
Lens
Geometry definition file format
Reflection: Ray trace on 5. Reflection: Fresnel on and Ray trace on 6. Transparency: Refraction on, Reflection: Fresnel off and Ray trace on 7. Transparency:
Wavefront_.obj_file
Rendering method
for use in a wide variety of rendering algorithms for generating digital images. On a spectrum of computational cost and visual fidelity, ray tracing-based
Ray_tracing_(graphics)
Branch of physics that studies light
electric and magnetic vectors. The Huygens–Fresnel equation is one such model. This was derived empirically by Fresnel in 1815, based on Huygens' hypothesis
Optics
Far-field diffraction
an imaging lens. In contrast, the diffraction pattern created near the diffracting object and (in the near field region) is given by the Fresnel diffraction
Fraunhofer_diffraction
Recording to reproduce a three-dimensional light field
produce the "images" of the object. Atomic holography has evolved out of the development of the basic elements of atom optics. With the Fresnel diffraction
Holography
Australian punk rock band
The name came from Fresnel rhomb, which is a prism-like device invented by the 19th century French engineer Augustin-Jean Fresnel. Because we thought
Frenzal_Rhomb
Escarpment on the Moon
Rimae Fresnel is a 90km-long arcuate escarpment on the Moon at 28°00′N 4°00′E / 28.0°N 4.0°E / 28.0; 4.0. Both the escarpment and the nearby Promontorium
Rimae_Fresnel
Phenomenon wherein objects appear to move about their true positions in the sky
aberration became a major motivation for the aether drag theories of Augustin Fresnel (in 1818) and G. G. Stokes (in 1845), and for Hendrik Lorentz's aether
Aberration_(astronomy)
Fourth solo album by Peter Gabriel
image is of Gabriel's face, based on an experimental videotape recorded by Poynter and heavily distorted through the use of flexible mirrors, Fresnel
Peter_Gabriel_(1982_album)
Mixed reality headset
and Touch Plus controllers as the Quest 3. Unlike the Quest 3, it uses Fresnel lenses instead of pancake lenses, and is thus thicker in length. Its displays
Meta_Quest_3S
Visible effect of polarised light
the xanthophyll pigment found in the macula lutea. As described by the Fresnel laws, the behavior and distribution of oblique rays in the cylindrical
Haidinger's_brush
Type of camera
between 0.65 and 1), which is the region of near-field diffraction (or Fresnel diffraction), the pinhole focuses the light slightly, and the resolution
Pinhole_camera
Branch of optics
photovoltaics. When compared to "traditional" imaging optics (such as parabolic reflectors or fresnel lenses), the main advantages of nonimaging optics
Nonimaging_optics
Underwater phenomenon due to Snell's Law
incident light at low grazing angles is reflected rather than refracted (see Fresnel equations). Refraction is very sensitive to any irregularities in the flatness
Snell's_window
Computer graphics technique
Diffusion Translucency and transparency Conservation of energy Metallicity Fresnel reflection Subsurface scattering PBR is also often extended into volume
Physically_based_rendering
French microscopist
National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), and the director of the Fresnel Institute in Marseille (France) also affiliated with the Mosaic advanced
Sophie_Brasselet
Earth shield to reduce sunlight
science fiction author Gregory Benford calculated that a concave rotating Fresnel lens 1000 kilometres across, yet only a few millimeters thick, floating
Space_sunshade
Lighthouse in Georgia, United States
tower was added to the site in 1822 to form a range. Both towers received Fresnel lenses in 1857, with the lower front tower being equipped with a 4th order
Tybee_Island_Light
19th-century lighthouse in Pacific Grove, California
States. Automated in 1975, Port Pinos retains its original third order Fresnel lens, but is surrounded today by the Pacific Grove Municipal Golf Links
Point_Pinos_Lighthouse
Theorem in electromagnetism
equivalence principle. Being a more rigorous reformulation of the Huygens–Fresnel principle, it is often used to simplify the analysis of radiating structures
Surface_equivalence_principle
Study of classical optics using Fourier transforms
or superposition, of plane waves. It has some parallels to the Huygens–Fresnel principle, in which the wavefront is regarded as being made up of a combination
Fourier_optics
contains a Fresnel lens, eight spherical mirrors, and a camera with 16 multianode photomultiplier tubes, uses the atmospheric Cherenkov imaging technique
Track Imaging Cherenkov Experiment
Track_Imaging_Cherenkov_Experiment
Instant camera model
(including one Fresnel reflector) of unusual, aspheric shapes set at odd angles to create an erect image on the film and an erect aerial image for the viewfinder
Polaroid_SX-70
intersection test with the view frustum, allowing trivial rejection. Fresnel According to Fresnel equations, surfaces show more specular reflections when viewed
Glossary_of_computer_graphics
Use of prisms to improve lighting
sheet. A prism sheet is somewhat like a linear Fresnel lens, but each ridge may be identical. Unlike a Fresnel lens, the light is not intended to be focused
Prism_lighting
Near-field diffraction effect
{2a^{2}}{\lambda }}.} The number of Fresnel zones N F {\displaystyle N_{\text{F}}} that form first Talbot self-image of the grating with period p {\displaystyle
Talbot_effect
1971 35mm single-lens reflex camera
eye-level and waist-level positions. It also allowed the entire finder image to be viewed from 60 millimeters away and was suggested for use when wearing
Canon_F-1
353–390. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-416013-2.00008-7. ISBN 978-0-12-416013-2. Fresnel number Archived 2011-10-01 at the Wayback Machine S.W. RIENSTRA, 2015,
List of dimensionless quantities
List_of_dimensionless_quantities
Optical setup to obtain interference pattern by reflection
nature of light, beyond those provided by Thomas Young and Augustin-Jean Fresnel. In the experiment, light from a monochromatic slit source reflects from
Lloyd's_mirror
Types of lighting in photography and filmmaking
appearance of the shadow depends on the lighting instrument. For example, Fresnel lights can be focused such that their shadows can be "cut" with crisp shadows
Hard_and_soft_light
Change in optical properties of a material due to stress
diagnosis was confirmed in a direct refraction experiment by Augustin-Jean Fresnel. Experimental frameworks were developed at the beginning of the twentieth
Photoelasticity
Recognition of events from videos or sensors
different Fresnel zones, the signal path formed by the reflection of the human body changes, and if people move vertically through Fresnel zones, the
Activity_recognition
Lens mount
— Fisheye lenses producing either a circular image on the film plane/imager or a partially circular image. Can be as wide as 220° or typically 180°. Fisheye
Nikon_F-mount
Locus of points at equal phase in a wave
classical physics, the diffraction phenomenon is described by the Huygens–Fresnel principle treating each point in a propagating wavefront as a source of
Wavefront
Optical coating that reduces reflection
light without the coating than a lower-index lens (a consequence of the Fresnel equations). It is also generally easier and cheaper to coat high index
Anti-reflective_coating
Lighthouse
the lighting apparatus over several centuries of use. In 1840 a rotating Fresnel lens was installed; the system was formally inaugurated in January 1841
Lighthouse_of_Genoa
Reflector that has the shape of a paraboloid
light from a lantern into a beam, before being replaced by more efficient Fresnel lenses in the 19th century. In 1888, Heinrich Hertz, a German physicist
Parabolic_reflector
History of physical crystallography to 1895
crystals could be classified as isotropic, uniaxial or biaxial. Augustin-Jean Fresnel was a significant researcher in the whole field of crystal optics, and
Physical crystallography before X-rays
Physical_crystallography_before_X-rays
Optical component which splits light into several beams
principles of diffraction were discovered by Thomas Young and Augustin-Jean Fresnel. Using these principles, Fraunhofer was the first to use a diffraction
Diffraction_grating
Object that reflects an image
individual dielectric-coatings is a function of Snell's law known as the Fresnel equations, determined by the difference in refractive index between layers
Mirror
Rotation of the plane of linearly polarized light as it travels through a chiral material
vapors of organic substances such as turpentine. In 1822, Augustin-Jean Fresnel found that optical rotation could be explained as a species of birefringence:
Optical_rotation
Passenger cargo ship sunk during WWII
Diamant, D'Iberville, Dunkerque, Dupleix, Eurydice, Foch, Foudroyant, Fresnel, Galatée, Gerfaut, Guépard, Henri Poincaré, Jean de Vienne, Kersaint, L'Adroit
SS_Tilawa
travel, tourism, insurance
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