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Mirror-like wave reflection
Specular reflection, or regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface. The law of reflection states that a
Specular_reflection
Reflection with light scattered at random angles
one angle as in the case of specular reflection. An ideal diffuse reflecting surface is said to exhibit Lambertian reflection, meaning that there is equal
Diffuse_reflection
"Bouncing back" of waves at an interface
Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves. The law of reflection says that for specular reflection (for example at a mirror)
Reflection_(physics)
Visual appearance of specular reflections
Specularity is the visual appearance of specular reflections. In computer graphics, it means the quantity used in three-dimensional (3D) rendering which
Specularity
Shading algorithm in computer graphics
{\displaystyle k_{\text{s}}} , which is a specular reflection constant, the ratio of reflection of the specular term of incoming light, k d {\displaystyle
Phong_reflection_model
Shiny visual appearance of an object
(diffuse reflection, haze and transmission) Specularly reflected from it (gloss) Variations in surface texture directly influence the level of specular reflection
Gloss_(optics)
Bright spot of light that appears on shiny objects when illuminated
scene. The term specular means that light is perfectly reflected in a mirror-like way from the light source to the viewer. Specular reflection is visible only
Specular_highlight
Property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation
It involves measuring the polarization state of light following specular reflection from such a surface. This is typically done as a function of incidence
Polarization_(waves)
Simulation of reflective surfaces
metallic specular reflection is typically tinted by the metal and has little or no diffuse component, whereas non-metallic specular reflection is usually
Reflection (computer graphics)
Reflection_(computer_graphics)
Interpolation technique for surface shading
than Gouraud shading when applied to a reflection model with small specular highlights such as the Phong reflection model. The most serious problem with
Phong_shading
2011 EP by Between the Buried and Me
tasked with planting human souls on a new planet. The first track, "Specular Reflection", opens with Prospect 1 after the events of "Swim to the Moon" (The
The Parallax: Hypersleep Dialogues
The_Parallax:_Hypersleep_Dialogues
Device for examining the eye
Specular reflection, or reflected illumination is just like patches of reflection seen on sunlit lake water surface. To achieve specular reflection,
Slit_lamp
Optical component which splits light into several beams
to direct transmission for a transmissive diffraction grating or specular reflection for a reflective grating is called the zero order, and is denoted
Diffraction_grating
Hydrocarbon lakes on Titan, a moon of Saturn
reflected sunlight from the surface of any liquid bodies, but no specular reflections were initially observed. The possibility remained that liquid ethane
Lakes_and_rivers_of_Titan
Instrument for measuring specular reflection gloss
glossmeter (also gloss meter) is an instrument which is used to measure specular reflection gloss of a surface. Gloss is determined by projecting a beam of light
Glossmeter
Branch of physics that studies light
positions and magnifications. Reflections can be divided into two types: specular reflection and diffuse reflection. Specular reflection describes the gloss of
Optics
Object that reflects an image
which they strike the mirror (incident light). This property, called specular reflection, distinguishes a mirror from objects that diffuse light, breaking
Mirror
Shading algorithm in computer graphics
surfaces (specular reflections on surfaces facing the viewer), α ′ = 4 α {\displaystyle \alpha ^{\prime }=4\,\alpha } will result in specular highlights
Blinn–Phong_reflection_model
Reflection which reverses the direction of a wave, particle, or signal
diffuse reflection due to scattering, as opposed to specular reflection as from a mirror, although specular backscattering can occur at normal incidence with
Backscatter
Spectroscopy technique
both specular and diffusely back-scattered light. The word reflection often implies a particular physical process, such as specular reflection. The use
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Diffuse_reflectance_spectroscopy
Lake on Titan
Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observed a specular reflection in 5 μm infrared light off Jingpo Lacus at 71° N, 337° W. (This has
Jingpo_Lacus
Angle of incidence for which all reflected light will be polarized
direction in which the light is predicted to be specularly reflected, the dipoles point along the specular reflection direction and therefore no light can be
Brewster's_angle
Model for determining radiant energy reflected off diffuse surfaces
surface at a grazing angle. Lambertian reflection from polished surfaces is typically accompanied by specular reflection (gloss), where the surface luminance
Lambertian_reflectance
Equations of light transmission and reflection
polarised light Reflection loss Specular reflection Schlick's approximation Snell's window X-ray reflectivity Plane of incidence Reflections of signals on
Fresnel_equations
Capacity of an object to reflect light
surfaces can be divided into those that give specular reflection and those that give diffuse reflection. For specular surfaces, such as glass or polished metal
Reflectance
Lighting formula in 3D computer graphics
the specular reflection of light from a non-conducting interface (surface) between two media. According to Schlick’s model, the specular reflection coefficient
Schlick's_approximation
2026 video game
ray traced global illumination and ray traced specular reflections. The resolution of ray traced reflections is increased on PlayStation 5 Pro. PlayStation
Assassin's Creed Black Flag Resynced
Assassin's_Creed_Black_Flag_Resynced
Topics referred to by the same term
Reflection or reflexion may refer to: Reflection (physics), a common wave phenomenon Specular reflection, mirror-like reflection of waves from a surface
Reflection
3D imaging technique
first to include simple specular reflections. Computer vision followed a similar course with photometric stereo. Specular reflections were among the first
Photometric_stereo
Simulation of light in computer graphics
these reflections. Instead, specular lighting creates bright spots on objects based on the intensity of the specular lighting component and the specular reflection
Computer_graphics_lighting
Upcoming video game
illumination for diffuse lighting and specular reflections on rough surfaces on consoles with additional specular reflections on mirror-like surfaces on PC.
Metro_2039
1665 painting by Johannes Vermeer
it looks more like polished tin than pearl on the grounds of the specular reflection, the pear shape and the large size of the earring. The identity of
Girl_with_a_Pearl_Earring
specular reflection. This kind of reflection is especially strong for metal surfaces. Models that describe the perceived brightness due to specular reflection
List of common shading algorithms
List_of_common_shading_algorithms
Model of optics describing light as geometric rays
the air causes the light rays to bend creating the appearance of specular reflections in the distance (as if on the surface of a pool of water). Material
Geometrical_optics
Aesthetic quality of blur in the out-of-focus parts of an image
is often most visible around small background highlights, such as specular reflections and light sources, which is why it is often associated with such
Bokeh
Concept in linear algebra
normal to. In geometric optics, specular reflection can be expressed in terms of the Householder matrix (see Specular reflection § Vector formulation). Note
Householder_transformation
Sparkling sunlight reflections off water
create a momentary glitter. Light reflects from smooth surfaces by specular reflection. A rippled but locally smooth surface such as water with waves will
Sun_glitter
Physical phenomenon
surface. Such scattering can be diffuse rather than specular, so this component of the reflection is easy to distinguish. To reduce this part of the physical
Quantum_reflection
Rubbing a surface to make it smooth
a chemical treatment, leaving a clean surface with a significant specular reflection (still limited by the index of refraction of the material according
Polishing
Taking measurements using photography
color ranges and values representing such quantities as albedo, specular reflection, metallicity, or ambient occlusion from photographs of materials
Photogrammetry
Reflected duplication of an object
perpendicular to the mirror surface. As an optical effect, it results from specular reflection off from surfaces of lustrous materials, especially a mirror or water
Mirror_image
Multi-platform game engine by Square Enix
including HDR lighting Lighting, including refraction, reflection, diffuse reflection, specular reflection, volumetric lighting, per-pixel lighting, and per-pixel
Luminous_Engine
be detected from the sunlight reflected off their surface, but no specular reflections were initially observed. Near Titan's south pole, an enigmatic dark
Geology_of_Titan
Angle in geometric optics
for almost any other surface is significantly more difficult. (See specular reflection.) It is sometimes more useful to refer to the angle between the beam
Angle_of_incidence_(optics)
How matter appears by virtue of interaction with light
distribution of the reflected light.) Specular gloss Distinctness of image gloss Sheen Reflection haze, H (for a specified specular angle), the ratio of (light)
Visual_appearance
2012 video game
limits and add new engine effects such as texture bump mapping, specular reflection and 3D skyboxes. The game uses entirely custom assets and includes
Cry_of_Fear
Gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium
directions. This type of reflection is referred to as "diffuse reflection", and it is typically characterized by wide variety of reflection angles. Most objects
Attenuation
Astronomical technique
because the normal rules of specular reflection do not apply to reflective gratings operated far from the non-dispersive reflection angle. Echelle grating
Slitless_spectroscopy
Texture mapping technique
the purposes of lighting, through mimicking a phenomenon called specular reflection. Since the visible image of an object is the light bouncing off of
Normal_mapping
Device reflecting neutral atoms
transition of the particle to the half-space with absorbers, causing specular reflection. At large separation L {\displaystyle ~L~} between thin ridges
Atomic_mirror
Material with the ability to reflect neutrons; used to control fission reactions
reflects neutrons. This refers to elastic scattering rather than to a specular reflection. Neutron reflectors include graphite, beryllium, steel, tungsten
Neutron_reflector
Function of four real variables that defines how light is reflected at an opaque surface
reflection simulations. Multiple versions and modifications exist. Phong reflectance model, a phenomenological model akin to plastic-like specularity
Bidirectional reflectance distribution function
Bidirectional_reflectance_distribution_function
Near-field diffraction
diffraction at closely spaced periodical ridges (ridged mirror) causes the specular reflection; this effect can be used for atomic mirrors. Some of the earliest
Fresnel_diffraction
Group of rendering algorithms used in 3D computer graphics
diffuse inter-reflection exclusively, which is a very important part of global illumination; however, some also model indirect specular reflections, refraction
Global_illumination
Model in physics
S2CID 122480. Torrance, K. E.; Sparrow, E. M. (1967). "Theory for off-specular reflection from roughened surfaces". J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57 (9): 1105–1114. Bibcode:1967JOSA
Oren–Nayar_reflectance_model
Chemical element with atomic number 24 (Cr)
of chromium at 20 °C is 125 nanoohm-meters. Chromium has a high specular reflection in comparison to other transition metals. In infrared, at 425 μm
Chromium
Producing images of 3D scenes
game. Ray tracing Simulates the bouncing paths of light caused by specular reflection and refraction, requiring a varying number of ray casting operations
Rendering_(computer_graphics)
Device that transmits and receives radio waves
is that of specular reflection, and the receiver sees both the real antenna and an image of the antenna under the ground due to reflection. But if the
Antenna_(radio)
Surface analytical technique
X-ray reflectivity (sometimes known as X-ray specular reflectivity, X-ray reflectometry, or XRR) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used in chemistry
X-ray_reflectivity
Optical coating that reduces reflection
photoresist, and help reduce standing waves, thin-film interference, and specular reflections. Solar cells are often coated with an anti-reflective coating. Materials
Anti-reflective_coating
Idealised system for theoretical analysis
alternates between free motion (typically as a straight line) and specular reflections from a boundary. When the particle hits the boundary it reflects
Dynamical_billiards
often made in specular reflection mode, where the angle of the incident beam is equal to the angle of the reflected beam. The reflection is usually described
Neutron_reflectometry
Mirror with a curved reflecting surface
ray has the same angle to the axis, but on the opposite side (See Specular reflection). A second ray can be drawn from the top of the object, parallel
Curved_mirror
Rendering method
computing Path tracing Phong shading Progressive meshes Shading Specular reflection Tessellation Per-pixel lighting Shirley, Peter (July 9, 2003). Realistic
Ray_tracing_(graphics)
Method of environment mapping in computer graphics
real-time reflections. Accelerated in hardware, cube environment mapping will free up the creativity of developers to use reflections and specular lighting
Cube_mapping
Optical illusion caused by bending of light
enhancing the illusion that the sky image seen in the distance is a specular reflection on a puddle of water or oil acting as a mirror. While the aero-dynamics
Mirage
Largest hydrocarbon lake on Titan
portion of Kraken Mare with a rugged coastline and numerous islands Specular reflection off Jingpo Lacus in the Kraken Mare region, observed by Cassini on
Kraken_Mare
Electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of particles
perfectly specular or a diffuse manner. In a specular reflection, the angles of reflection and incidence are equal. In diffuse reflection, radiation
Thermal_radiation
Multipath radio propagation model
equation ITU-R P.525 Link budget Ray tracing (physics) Reflection (physics) Specular reflection Six-rays model Ten-rays model Jakes, W.C. (1974). Microwave
Two-ray ground-reflection model
Two-ray_ground-reflection_model
Common examples include the reflection of light, sound, and water waves. The law of reflection says that for specular reflection the angle at which the wave
Glossary_of_physics
Optical Phenomenon
the perfectly reflecting surface, or specular reflection (Latin speculum, a mirror), in which the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence." The
Lambert's_cosine_law
Transparent non-crystalline solid material
the look of glassware more brilliant and causing noticeably more specular reflection and increased optical dispersion. Lead glass has a high elasticity
Glass
Optical phenomenon
wavelength, and the angle of incidence. It is among the most studied non-specular reflection phenomena in optics. Acoustic analog of the Goos–Hänchen effect is
Goos–Hänchen_effect
Spacecraft end-of-life orbit
coefficient, whose value is between 1 (for absorption) and 2 (for specular reflection), A {\displaystyle A} is its aspect area, m {\displaystyle m} is
Graveyard_orbit
Fishing tool
spoon. The spoon lure is mainly used to attract predatory fish by specular reflection of light, as well as the turbulences it creates when moving in water
Spoon_lure
Measure of a civilization's evolution
energy used by the Type III civilization. On the other hand, the specular reflection system of the radiation could be detected by the shadow it casts
Kardashev_scale
Type of diffraction grating
θ B − α {\displaystyle \beta =2\theta _{B}-\alpha } , similar to specular reflection from a tilted surface. Blazed gratings can also be realized as transmission
Blazed_grating
Species of flowering plant in the family Commelinaceae
smooth and transparent cuticle which reflects light as a mirror does (specular reflection). Beneath this glossy surface lies a special layer of cells which
Pollia_condensata
Modular arithmetic concept
25 March 2019. Feldman, Eliot (July 1995). "A reflection grating that nullifies the specular reflection: A cone of silence". J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 98 (1):
Primitive_root_modulo_n
2018 racing video game
simulated HDR rendering and pixel shaders, as seen on the sky and specular reflections on the road surface. Pictured is a gameplay still featuring the W
Asphalt_Legends
Computer graphics method
light (which is usually noisier). More complex algorithms denoise specular reflection separately (since it varies differently with pixel location), and
Path_tracing
Depicting depth with levels of darkness
entire face. If a specular highlight doesn't fall on the representative point, it is missed entirely. Consequently, the specular reflection component is usually
Shading
On reflection in a spherical mirror
a circle and making equal angles with the normal at that point (specular reflection). It belongs to geometrical optics (in which light is modeled using
Alhazen's_problem
diffraction mirror) is a kind of atomic mirror, designed for the specular reflection of neutral particles (atoms) coming at a grazing incidence angle
Ridged_mirror
Protocols for safe use, design and implementation of laser technology
depending on the strength of the laser. A diffuse reflection is generally not hazardous, but specular reflections can be just as dangerous as direct exposures
Laser_safety
Computer graphics techniques for reusing samples during rendering
for the current pixel. This is especially valuable when rendering specular reflection, where a small change in position or surface normal can cause a large
Spatiotemporal reservoir resampling
Spatiotemporal_reservoir_resampling
Diffraction using small incidence angles
1103/physrevlett.101.177601. ISSN 0031-9007. Shimizu, Fujio (2001). "Specular Reflection of Very Slow Metastable Neon Atoms from a Solid Surface". Physical
Grazing_incidence_diffraction
Device used to measure the amount of light
neutral test cards are far from perfectly diffuse reflectors, and specular reflections can cause increased reflected-light meter readings that, if followed
Light_meter
Methods to reduce sound pressure
paneling are often used to reflect sound upwards into the sky. If a specular reflection from a hard flat surface is giving a problematic echo, an acoustic
Soundproofing
Part of the Chinese constellation system
The twenty-eight mansions of the Chinese astronomy (specular reflection, north at the top, east is on the left)
Twenty-Eight_Mansions
rejection. Fresnel According to Fresnel equations, surfaces show more specular reflections when viewed at near-grazing incidence. This effect is often simulated
Glossary_of_computer_graphics
Bright light which impairs vision
of the viewer. Afterimage Lens flare Lyot stop Over-illumination Specular reflection Visual comfort probability Selective yellow Osterhaus, Werner (2005)
Glare_(vision)
Line or vector perpendicular to a curve or a surface
an optical medium at a given point. In reflection of light, the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are respectively the angle between the
Normal_(geometry)
Two-pass global illumination rendering algorithm
radiance contribution. Specular reflection can be, in most cases, calculated using ray tracing procedures (as it handles reflections well). The contribution
Photon_mapping
Modelling the appearance of paint coatings
literature related to diffuse-reflection infrared Fourier-transform (DRIFT) spectra, "particularly specular reflection" is often identified as a culprit
Kubelka–Munk_theory
Geometry definition file format
using Kd. # white Kd 1.000 1.000 1.000 The specular color is declared using Ks, and weighted using the specular exponent Ns. # black (off) Ks 0.000 0.000
Wavefront_.obj_file
"experimental proof of the specular reflection of accidental as well as essential light, a complete formulation of the laws of reflection, and a description of
Science and technology in the Ottoman Empire
Science_and_technology_in_the_Ottoman_Empire
Variety of glass in which lead replaces the calcium content
consequently much greater "sparkle" by increasing specular reflection and the range of angles of total internal reflection. Ordinary glass has a refractive index
Lead_glass
Multiple diffraction of waves
refraction and specular reflection of the waves at the interface to the crystal and delivers the refractive index off the Bragg reflection. It also corrects
Dynamical theory of diffraction
Dynamical_theory_of_diffraction
Method of biometric identification
Further subroutines detect and exclude eyelids, eyelashes, and specular reflections that often occlude parts of the iris. The set of pixels containing
Iris_recognition
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