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Type of particle beam
Atomic beam is special case of particle beam; it is the collimated flux (beam) of neutral atoms. The imaging systems using the slow atomic beams can use
Atomic_beam
Laser-cooled atoms in flight
An atomic fountain is a neutral atomic trap that measures an atomic hyperfine transition by pushing a cloud of laser-cooled atoms vertically and allowing
Atomic_fountain
Hypothetical type of weapon
A particle-beam weapon uses a high-energy beam of atomic or subatomic particles to damage the target by disrupting its atomic and/or molecular structure
Particle-beam_weapon
Stream of charged, or less frequently neutral particles
anticipated to be produced in the foreseeable future. Electron beam Ion beam Astrophysical jet Atomic beam Accelerator neutrino "LHC the guide FAQ | CERN". home
Particle_beam
Clock that monitors the resonant frequency of atoms
1930s, the American physicist Isidor Isaac Rabi built equipment for atomic beam magnetic resonance frequency clocks. The accuracy of mechanical, electromechanical
Atomic_clock
Using helium atoms to image solid surfaces
beam to resolve atomic structure, the wavelength of the matter wave would need be at least λ {\displaystyle \lambda } = 1 Å, and therefore the beam energy
Scanning_helium_microscopy
Danish physicist and educator (born 1959)
Lene Vestergaard Hau, J. A. Golovchenko, and Michael M. Burns, A new atomic beam source: The "candlestick" Lene Vestergaard Hau, Michael M. Burns, and
Lene_Hau
Cooling technique in atomic physics
counter-propagating laser beams whose frequencies (and energy) are less than the atoms' laser-cooling transition. Standard cooling transitions are atomic transitions
Laser_cooling
Instrument for slowing and cooling a beam of hot atoms
In atomic physics, a Zeeman slower is a scientific instrument that is commonly used in atomic physics to slow and cool a beam of hot atoms to speeds of
Zeeman_slower
American military veteran and television personality
The CW reality show In Harm's Way. He is the current spokesperson for Atomic Beam flashlight. Part of a family with a strong tradition in the United States
Hunter_Ellis
Quantum mechanics principle
which are called paronic states. Later, K. Deilamian et al. used an atomic beam spectrometer to search for the paronic state 1s2s 1S0 calculated by Drake
Pauli_exclusion_principle
Device for producing coherent EM waves in the sub-visible spectrum
two hyperfine energy levels of atomic hydrogen. Here is a brief description of how they work: First, a beam of atomic hydrogen is produced. This is done
Maser
Techniques to exploit wave properties of atoms
experiments employ beams of cold, slowly moving neutral atoms, as a special case of a particle beam. Like an optical beam, the atomic beam may exhibit diffraction
Atom_optics
Theoretical disproof
high velocities of the neutrons in the beam became insurmountable. The final limit obtained with a neutron beam is |dn| < 3×10−24 e⋅cm. Experiments with
CP_violating_moments
Potential for two waves to interfere
sufficiently collimated atomic beam creates a coherent atomic wave-function illuminating both slits. Each slit acts as a separate but in-phase beam contributing
Coherence_(physics)
Apparatus for trapping and cooling neutral atoms
brings an atomic transition into resonance with the laser beams. The polarization of the beam propagating in the opposite direction of this atomic motion
Magneto-optical_trap
Concentrating specific isotopes of a chemical element
moments could then be π {\displaystyle \pi } -shifted in phase and the atomic beam split in the gradient of the electric field in an analogous way to the
Isotope_separation
Quantum mechanical waves describing matter
Atlas, Susan R.; Pritchard, David E. (1 August 1983). "Diffraction of an Atomic Beam by Standing-Wave Radiation". Physical Review Letters. 51 (5): 370–373
Matter_wave
Focused high-velocity stream of atoms or molecules
Stark decelerator or in a Zeeman slower. The first to experiment with atomic beams was Louis Dunoyer de Segonzac in 1911, but his were simple verification
Molecular_beam
Type of very-high-resolution microscopy
between atomic force microscopy and competing technologies such as optical microscopy and electron microscopy is that AFM does not use lenses or beam irradiation
Atomic_force_microscopy
photon energy to an atomic transition of an element. The photons will be resonantly absorbed if the light is incident on an atomic beam. By using a series
CRIS_experiment
Long-running radio serial
(10 parts) "The Scorpion" (August–September 1944) (9 parts) "Der Teufel's Atomic Pistol" (September 1944) (13 parts, Part 4 available) "The Mystery of the
The Adventures of Superman (radio series)
The_Adventures_of_Superman_(radio_series)
Russian physicist (born 1947)
atom beam into the Angstrom region", V.I. Balykin, V.S. Letokhov, Opt. Commun., 64, 151–156, 1987. "Focusing of an atomic beam and imaging of atomic sources
Victor_Balykin
Quantum mechanical state change
transitions can occur, leading to atomic radiative cascade. For example, if calcium atoms in a low-pressure atomic beam are excited by ultraviolet light
Spontaneous_emission
Fictional monster, or kaiju
insufficient budgets. Godzilla's signature weapon is its "atomic heat beam" (also known as "atomic breath"), nuclear energy that it generates inside of its
Godzilla
Device reflecting neutral atoms
of atoms. Atomic interferometry Quantum reflection Ridged mirror Zeno effect Atomic nanoscope Atom laser H. Merimeche (2006). "Atomic beam focusing with
Atomic_mirror
Ionization technique used in mass spectrometry
bombarded under vacuum with a high energy (4000 to 10,000 electron volts) atomic beam. The atoms are typically from an inert gas such as argon or xenon. Common
Fast_atom_bombardment
Chinese-American physicist (1922–2025)
physics and switched back to theory. His doctoral thesis was about an atomic beam apparatus for measuring the nuclear quadrupole resonance of sodium. Later
Yang_Chen-Ning
Near-field diffraction effect
This showed that for an atomic beam of constant velocity, by using λ dB {\displaystyle \lambda _{\text{dB}}} , the atomic Talbot length can be found
Talbot_effect
Treatment of cancer with ionized radiation
External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is a form of radiotherapy that utilizes a high-energy collimated beam of ionizing radiation, from a source outside
External_beam_radiotherapy
Measurement of atomic transition frequency
two counter-propagating, overlapped laser beams are sent through a sample of atomic gas. One of the beams stimulates photon emission in excited atoms
Saturated absorption spectroscopy
Saturated_absorption_spectroscopy
Laser technique cooling atoms to temperatures lower than a magneto-optical trap
depending on the atomic species. An optical molasses consists of 3 pairs of counter-propagating orthogonally polarized laser beams intersecting in the
Optical_molasses
Reaction that combines atomic nuclei
Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus. The difference in mass between the reactants and products
Nuclear_fusion
Spatially localized group of electrically charged particles travelling in same direction
a charged particle beam (or a bunch of the beam) is characterized by the species of particle, e.g. electrons, protons, or atomic nuclei the mean energy
Charged_particle_beam
Fundamental quantity in physics
technique be the basis of a clock using the resonant frequency of an atomic beam. In 2021 Jun Ye of JILA in Boulder Colorado observed time dilatation
Time_in_physics
Microscope that uses visible light
To make the short-wavelength probe non-destructive, the atomic beam imaging system (atomic nanoscope) has been proposed and widely discussed in the literature
Optical_microscope
Diffraction of matter by light
Pritchard at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A supersonic atomic beam with sub-recoil transverse momentum was passed through a near resonant
Kapitsa–Dirac_effect
Method that removes material, one 1-atom thick layer at a time
Atomic layer etching (ALE) is an emerging technique in semiconductor manufacture, in which a sequence alternating between self-limiting chemical modification
Atomic_layer_etching
Semiconductor deposition technique
also worth noting here that MBE employs atomic beams (such as aluminium (Al) and Gallium (Ga)) and molecular beams (such as As4 and P4) that are evaporated
Chemical_beam_epitaxy
Function describing an electron in an atom
In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function describes
Atomic_orbital
Using wave optics to reproduce a three-dimensional light field
atomic holography follows a natural step in the development of the physics (and applications) of atomic beams. Recent developments including atomic mirrors
Holography
American scientist
described measurements of the nuclear quadrupole moment of sodium, using the atomic beam resonance method that Rabi had won the Nobel Prize in Physics for in
Martin_Lewis_Perl
Chemical element with atomic number 118 (Og)
Oganesson is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Og and atomic number 118. It was first synthesized in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear
Oganesson
Final polishing of an optical surface
optics. For large mirrors, ion figuring is often used, in which a neutral atomic beam is used to remove material from the optics in a very controlled way.
Figuring
Medical use of gamma rays
1950s, cobalt-60 was widely used in external beam radiotherapy (teletherapy) machines, which produced a beam of gamma rays which was directed into the patient's
Cobalt_therapy
Theorem in quantum mechanics
Gillaspy and Kelleher looked for the 1s2s 1S0 state of He using an atomic-beam spectrometer. The search was unsuccessful with an upper limit of 5×10−6
Spin–statistics_theorem
Use of accelerated electrons to join metal parts via melting
Electron-beam welding (EBW) is a fusion welding process in which a beam of high-velocity electrons is applied to two materials to be joined. The workpieces
Electron-beam_welding
Core of an atom composed of nucleons
The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford at the
Atomic_nucleus
American physicist (1946–2018)
Golovchenko, and Michael M. Burns Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3138-3140 (1995). A new atomic beam source: The "candlestick" : Lene Vestergaard Hau, J. A. Golovchenko,
Jene_Golovchenko
German–British physicist (1882–1970)
Institute for Theoretical Physics as his assistant. She developed the first atomic beams. Working with Born, Bormann was the first to measure the free path of
Max_Born
Type of microscope with electrons as a source of illumination
instruments at the atomic scale. The brightness of the signal depends on the number of secondary electrons reaching the detector. If the beam enters the sample
Electron_microscope
Elementary particle with negative charge
material. Microscopists can record these changes in the electron beam to produce atomically resolved images of the material. In blue light, conventional optical
Electron
Device
Focused ion beam, also known as FIB, is a technique used particularly in the semiconductor industry, materials science and increasingly in the biological
Focused_ion_beam
Smallest unit of a chemical element
the intensity of the different beams of ions. Techniques to vaporize atoms include inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and inductively
Atom
Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years
History_of_atomic_theory
American award for atomic and molecular frequency standards
recipient of the award, for his experimental and theoretical work on atomic beam resonance spectroscopy. 1983 - I. I. Rabi 1984 - David W. Allan 1985
I._I._Rabi_Award
American-Armenian Materials Scientist
of STEM-based atomic-resolution imaging and EELS spectroscopy of highly-beam-sensitive zeolites and metal organic frameworks. and atomic-resolution in-situ
K._Andre_Mkhoyan
Test of relativistic time dilation
a physicist, and Richard E. Keating, an astronomer, took four cesium-beam atomic clocks aboard commercial airliners. They flew twice around the world
Hafele–Keating_experiment
Diffraction of He from surfaces
When used at thermal energies, as is the usual scenario, the helium atomic beam is an inert probe (chemically, electrically, magnetically, and mechanically)
Helium_atom_scattering
Type of spectroanalytical procedure
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is an elemental analysis method for determining the concentration of metals in a given sample. The principle of AAS
Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic_absorption_spectroscopy
World War II Allied nuclear weapons program
maintained control over American atomic weapons research and production until the formation of the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) in January
Manhattan_Project
Severe events involving radioactive materials
A nuclear and radiation accident is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "an event that has led to significant consequences to people
Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents
Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_and_incidents
Schneider, Marilyn B. (1 December 1987). "The Electron Beam Ion Trap: A New Instrument for Atomic Physics Measurements". Physica Scripta. T22. IOP Publishing:
Electron_beam_ion_trap
Devices generating electricity from radioisotope decay
An atomic battery, nuclear battery, radioisotope battery, or radioisotope generator uses energy from the decay of a radioactive isotope to generate electric
Atomic_battery
Physical phenomenon
toward the sample (for example a Si plate), providing the collimated atomic beam. The He-Ne laser was used to control the orientation of the sample and
Quantum_reflection
Chemical substance not composed of simpler ones
protons. The number of protons is called the atomic number of that element. For example, oxygen has an atomic number of 8: each oxygen atom has 8 protons
Chemical_element
Materials engineering technique
Ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD or IAD) is a materials engineering technique which combines ion implantation with simultaneous sputtering or another
Ion-beam–assisted_deposition
energy molecular ion beams are deposited intact (ion soft landing), while at a high deposition energy molecular ions fragment and atomic ions can penetrate
Ion_beam_deposition
Formulation of quantum mechanics
Physics Reports. 1991. L. Horvath and H. J. Carmichael (2007). "Effect of atomic beam alignment on photon correlation measurements in cavity QED". Physical
Quantum_Trajectory_Theory
US near-infrared chemical laser
chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL) is a near–infrared chemical laser. As the beam is infrared, it cannot be seen with the naked eye. It is capable of output
Chemical_oxygen_iodine_laser
Polish born Australian physicist
engineer Gordon Dunlop. Rubinsztein-Dunlop completed her PhD titled Atomic-beam magnetic resonance investigations of refractory elements and metastable
Halina_Rubinsztein-Dunlop
Small form factor atomic clock
A chip scale atomic clock (CSAC) is a compact, low-power atomic clock fabricated using techniques of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and incorporating
Chip-scale_atomic_clock
Beam anchored at only one end
a vertical surface such as a wall. A cantilever can be in the form of a beam, plate, truss, or slab. When subjected to a structural load at its far, unsupported
Cantilever
German-American physicist (1891–1959)
April 1953. Meissner, K. W.; Kaufman, Victor (1959-10-01). "Calcium Atomic Beam Source and Interference beyond Two-Meter Retardation*". Journal of the
Karl_Meissner
Lithographic technique that uses a scanning beam of electrons
Electron-beam lithography (often abbreviated as e-beam lithography or EBL) is the practice of scanning a focused beam of electrons to draw custom shapes
Electron-beam_lithography
Nuclear research facility in Mumbai, India
The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is India's premier nuclear research facility, headquartered in Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra. It was founded by
Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre
Scanning microscopy using thin samples and transmitted electrons
directly transmitted beam. By using a high-angle ADF detector, it is possible to form atomic resolution images where the contrast of an atomic column is directly
Scanning transmission electron microscopy
Scanning_transmission_electron_microscopy
Technique used for determining crystal structures and identifying mineral compounds
experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in
X-ray_crystallography
Device for controlled nuclear reactions
water graphite reactor. During early 1940s nuclear research, the phrase "atomic pile" was used to refer to any assembly involving uranium and attempts at
Nuclear_reactor
Comics character
survives a point-blank bazooka blast with no damage. Being shot with an atomic beam that can cut through anything only causes him to laugh and say, "I’m
Captain_Triumph
potentials between heavy alkali-metal atoms and gold surfaces using atomic-beam-deflection. Lifshitz, E.M. (3 September 1954). "The Theory of Molecular
Lifshitz theory of van der Waals force
Lifshitz_theory_of_van_der_Waals_force
Molecular Beam Epitaxy 1990 Robert H. Dennard (IBM) One-Transistor Dynamic Memory Cell 1991 Leonard S. Cutler (Hewlett-Packard) Cesium Atomic Beam Clock 1992
IRI_Achievement_Award
Propagating atomic wave
Antoine; Wang, Zhaoying; Guéry-Odelin, David (2006). "Evaporation of an atomic beam on a material surface". Physical Review A. 73 (3) 035402. arXiv:cond-mat/0602069
Atom_laser
Atomic clock
Physical Measurement Laboratory. The clock replaced NIST-7, a cesium beam atomic clock used from 1993 to 1999. NIST-F1 is ten times more accurate than
NIST-F1
Devices using beams of free electrons
Since the mid-20th century, electron-beam technology has provided the basis for a variety of novel and specialized applications in semiconductor manufacturing
Electron-beam_technology
American theoretical physicist (1904–1967)
Alamos Laboratory during World War II. He is often called the "Father of the Atomic Bomb" for his role in overseeing the development of the first nuclear weapons
J._Robert_Oppenheimer
Measure of the scattering amplitude of a wave by an isolated atom
physics, the atomic form factor, or atomic scattering factor, is a measure of the scattering amplitude of a wave by an isolated atom. The atomic form factor
Atomic_form_factor
American scientist (1928–2006)
to the chip scale atomic clock. In 1964, Leonard Cutler and his colleague Al Bagley invented the first all-solid-state cesium-beam chronometer known as
Leonard_Cutler
American physicist
including Time and Clocks, Interference of Photons, Size of Atoms from an Atomic Beam Experiment, and Velocity of Atoms. King also developed innovative courses
John_G._King_(physicist)
1911 theoretical description of an atom
most of the atom's mass. The central region would later be known as the atomic nucleus. Rutherford did not discuss the organization of electrons in the
Rutherford_model
Change of an electron between energy levels within an atom
In atomic physics and chemistry, an atomic electron transition (also called an atomic transition, quantum jump, or quantum leap) is an electron changing
Atomic_electron_transition
US 1960s-era study into nuclear weapons to create beams of plasma
metal rods; when optically pumped by the atomic bomb's X-rays, the rods would theoretically produce collimated beams of X-ray radiation in the same fashion
Casaba-Howitzer
1986 nuclear accident in the Soviet Union
by Valery Legasov, First Deputy Director of the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, and included leading nuclear specialist Evgeny Velikhov, hydro-meteorologist
Chernobyl_disaster
Medical imaging procedure
offset by an angle, as a technique to improve temporal resolution. Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) is a specific form of CT in which a large enough
CT_scan
Archived from the original on 2012-07-15. Retrieved 2013-02-04. "Caesium Beam Atomic Clock". The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
List_of_atomic_clocks
Study involving matter and electromagnetic radiation
physical and electronic structure of matter to be investigated at the atomic, molecular and macro scale, and over astronomical distances. Historically
Spectroscopy
physicist, winner of Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944 for invention of the atomic beam magnetic resonance method of measuring magnetic properties of atoms and
1988_in_science
American science fiction writer
Henry Beam Piper (March 23, 1904 – c. November 6, 1964) was an American science fiction writer. He wrote many short stories and several novels. He is best
H._Beam_Piper
Extremely accurate clock in development
optical clock is an atomic clock which uses photons from a nuclear isomeric transition as its reference frequency, instead of the atomic electron transition
Nuclear_clock
Crystal growth process
One of the achievements of molecular-beam epitaxy is the nano-structures that permit the formation of atomically flat and abrupt hetero-interfaces. Most
Molecular-beam_epitaxy
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