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mechanics, the force density is the negative gradient of pressure. It has the physical dimensions of force per unit volume. Force density is a vector field
Force_density
Mass per unit volume
Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is the ratio of a substance's mass to its volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the
Density
Upward force that opposes the weight of an object immersed in fluid
of densities. ρobjρfluid=FgFg−Fapp The equation to calculate the pressure inside a fluid in equilibrium is: 𝐟+divσ=0 where f is the force density exerted
Buoyancy
Force acting on charged particles in electric and magnetic fields
identities, the force density can be reformulated to eliminate explicit reference to the charge and current densities. The force density can then be written
Lorentz_force
Ratio of two densities
Relative density, also called specific gravity, is a dimensionless quantity defined as the ratio of the density (mass divided by volume) of a substance
Relative_density
pressure gauge Bhangmeter Hydrometer Force gauge and Force Sensor Level sensor Load cell Magnetic level gauge Nuclear density gauge Piezocapacitive pressure
List_of_sensors
Force acting throughout the volume of a body
the force per unit volume is of interest, it is referred to as the force density throughout the system. A body force is distinct from a contact force in
Body_force
Physical quantity
write the body force density as: ρ g = ∇ ( − ρ g z ) {\displaystyle \rho \mathbf {g} =\nabla (-\rho gz)} Then the body force density has a simple scalar
Hydrostatic_pressure
Restoring force on bent magnetic field lines
tension is a restoring force with units of force density that acts to straighten bent magnetic field lines. In SI units, the force density 𝐟T exerted perpendicular
Magnetic_tension
Property of space that quantifies the magnetic influence at a given location
characterized by the magnetic field strength vector H and the magnetic flux density vector B." This standard also defines B and H as given in the sections
Magnetic_field
Space rate of variation of pressure in a given direction
position. The gradient of pressure in hydrostatics is equal to the body force density (generalised Stevin's Law). In petroleum geology and the petrochemical
Pressure_gradient
Force distributed over an area
negative gradient of pressure is called the force density. Another example is a knife. If the flat edge is used, force is distributed over a larger surface area
Pressure
Buoyancy principle in fluid dynamics
surrounding fluid is of uniform density). The apparent weight of the object in the fluid is reduced, because of the force acting on it, which is called
Archimedes'_principle
Electromagnetism in general relativity
},\end{aligned}}} where f μ {\displaystyle f_{\mu }} is the density of the Lorentz force, g α β {\displaystyle g^{\alpha \beta }} is the inverse of the
Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime
Maxwell's_equations_in_curved_spacetime
Statistical value in military science
defining the number of troops per population is also known as force density. The troop density has decreased through military history in proportion to the
Troop_density
Branch of physics which studies the behavior of materials modeled as continuous media
body is assumed to be continuous. Therefore, there exists a contact force density or Cauchy traction field 𝐓(𝐧,𝐱,t) that represents this distribution
Continuum_mechanics
Abnormally low bone mineral density
Osteopenia, also called low bone mass or low bone density, is a condition in which bone density is low. Because their bones are weaker, people with osteopenia
Osteopenia
Electric charge per unit length, area or volume
electromagnetism, charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume. Volume charge density (symbolized by the Greek
Charge_density
Mass per unit area
The area density (also known as areal density, surface density, superficial density, column density, or density thickness) of a two-dimensional object
Area_density
Relative importance of certain frequencies in a composite signal
is finite, one may compute the energy spectral density. More commonly used is the power spectral density (PSD, or simply power spectrum), which applies
Spectral_density
Human-like hands of robots
sensitivity of 5 mN (near-human level). Hydraulic actuation provides high force density and compliance, enabling the robot to perform 98% of warehouse manual
Humanoid_hand
customary units, torque density is expressed in foot-pounds force per cubic foot, or inch-pounds force per cubic inch or ounce-force inches per cubic inch
Torque_density
Frame-dependent apparent force in Physics
A fictitious force, also known as an inertial force or pseudo-force, is a force that appears to act on an object when its motion is described or experienced
Fictitious_force
Density of the nucleus of an atom
Nuclear density is the density of the nucleons (neutrons and protons) in the nucleus. For heavy nuclei, it is close to the nuclear saturation density n 0
Nuclear_density
Approximation in plasma physics
a force-free field, the electric current density is either zero or parallel to the magnetic field. When a magnetic field is approximated as force-free
Force-free_magnetic_field
Equilibrium between buoyancy and weight of an immersed object
object's average density is equal to the density of the fluid in which it is immersed, resulting in the buoyant force balancing the force of gravity that
Neutral_buoyancy
Density gradient is a spatial variation in density over a region. The term is used in the natural sciences to describe varying density of matter, but can
Density_gradient
Physical quantity, density of magnetic moment per volume
negative gradient of which is the magnetic force on the paramagnet (or diamagnet) per unit volume (i.e. force density). In diamagnets ( χ < 0 {\displaystyle
Magnetization
Non-local formulation of continuum mechanics
𝐮(𝐱))dV𝐱′+𝐛(𝐱,t). The vector valued function 𝐟 is the force density that 𝐱′ exerts on 𝐱. This force density depends on the relative displacement and relative
Peridynamics
Machine component that moves a mechanism
machineries due to their important size and high weight. They have a low force density respect to pneumatic and electromechanical actuators. An actuator may
Actuator
Altitude relative to standard atmospheric conditions
The density altitude is the altitude relative to standard atmospheric conditions at which the air density would be equal to the indicated air density at
Density_altitude
Type of audible sound
harmonics. Based on the Maxwell stress tensor, the force density can be related to the air-gap flux density with the respective series over time and spatial
Electromagnetically induced acoustic noise
Electromagnetically_induced_acoustic_noise
Mathematical concept applicable to physics
corresponding flux density is a flux according to the transport definition. Given a current such as electric current—charge per time, current density would also
Flux
Influence that can change motion of an object
some quantitative force laws were discovered: that the force of gravity is proportional to volume for objects of constant density (widely exploited for
Force
electric current density, ρ {\displaystyle \rho } the electric charge density, and f {\displaystyle \mathbf {f} } is the Lorentz force density. Bel–Robinson
Electromagnetic stress–energy tensor
Electromagnetic_stress–energy_tensor
Highest velocity attainable by a falling object
high altitude where the density of the air is much lower than at the Earth's surface, producing a correspondingly lower drag force. The biologist J. B. S
Terminal_velocity
Computational quantum mechanical modelling method to investigate electronic structure
Density functional theory (DFT) is a computational quantum mechanical modeling method used in physics, chemistry and materials science to investigate
Density_functional_theory
Probability density of electrons being somewhere
Electron density or electronic density is the measure of the probability of an electron being present at an infinitesimal element of space surrounding
Electron_density
Vehicle propulsion using electromagnetic fields
f is the force density (force per unit volume), ρ the charge density (charge per unit volume), E the electric field, J the current density (current per
Magnetohydrodynamic_drive
Bipedal humanoid robot
as planetary roller screws and high-density neodymium magnets. This allowed the robot to match the force density of the previous hydraulic system while
Atlas_(robot)
the Earth can be obtained by assuming that the Earth's density is spherically symmetric. The force of gravity at a radius r depends only on the mass inside
Gravity_of_Earth
Tensor describing energy momentum density in spacetime
It is an attribute of matter, radiation, and non-gravitational force fields. This density and flux of energy and momentum are the sources of the gravitational
Stress–energy_tensor
Fundamental interaction between charged particles
molecular scale, including its density, is determined by the balance between the electromagnetic force and the force generated by the exchange of momentum
Electromagnetism
Amount of charge flowing through a unit cross-sectional area per unit time
density is the electric current (or the amount of charge per unit time) that flows through a unit area of a chosen cross section. The current density
Current_density
the force exerted on the fluid at the surface of the body may be approximated by a distribution of Stokeslets along the axis with force density f ( s
Slender-body_theory
Set of quasilinear hyperbolic equations governing adiabatic and inviscid flow
where f = ρ g {\displaystyle \mathbf {f} =\rho \mathbf {g} } is the force density, a conservation variable. In differential convective form, the compressible
Euler equations (fluid dynamics)
Euler_equations_(fluid_dynamics)
Engineered wood product
Medium-density fibreboard (MDF) is an engineered wood product made by breaking down hardwood or softwood residuals into wood fibre, often in a defibrator
Medium-density_fibreboard
deserts with fertile valleys. These states have relatively low population density due to indomitable physical barriers. The first population census in British
List of states and union territories of India by population
List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population
Concept in fluid mechanics
\rho {\overline {u'_{i}u'_{j}}}} The divergence of this stress is the force density on the fluid due to the turbulent fluctuations. For instance, for an
Reynolds_stress
Apparent force in a rotating reference frame
In physics, the Coriolis force is a pseudo-force that acts on objects in motion within a frame of reference that rotates with respect to an inertial frame
Coriolis_force
Device used to measure density of liquids
fluid is buoyed by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the submerged part of the suspended solid. The lower the density of the fluid, the
Hydrometer
Force of attraction or repulsion between molecules and neighboring particles
An intermolecular force (IMF; also secondary force) is the force that mediates interaction between molecules, including the electromagnetic forces of attraction
Intermolecular_force
Lemma in numerical analysis of differential equations
influence of a force such that at every point x {\displaystyle x} between a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} the force density is f ( x ) e {\displaystyle
Céa's_lemma
Vector field describing the density of electric dipole moments in a dielectric material
electromagnetism, polarization density (or electric polarization, or simply polarization) is the vector field that expresses the volumetric density of permanent or induced
Polarization_density
Fundamental physical law of electromagnetism
of force between two electrically charged particles at rest. This electric force is conventionally called the electrostatic force or Coulomb force. Although
Coulomb's_law
Type of flight system
by shrinking the gap between electrodes to micron size, the electric force density in the discharge region is increased by at least an order of magnitude
Wingless Electromagnetic Air Vehicle
Wingless_Electromagnetic_Air_Vehicle
Force resisting sliding motion
Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding or grinding against each other. Types
Friction
Fillet – Finite element analysis – Fluid mechanics – Flywheel – Force – Force density – Four-stroke cycle – Four wheel drive – Friction – Front wheel
Index of mechanical engineering articles
Index_of_mechanical_engineering_articles
Compression of an electrically conducting filament by magnetic forces
its own magnetic field, a pinch is generated with an inward radial force density of j x B. In a steady state with forces balancing: ∇p=∇(pe+pi)=𝐣×𝐁
Pinch_(plasma_physics)
Experiment measuring the force of gravity (1797–1798)
English scientist Henry Cavendish, was the first experiment to measure the force of gravity between masses in the laboratory and the first to yield accurate
Cavendish_experiment
Spaceflight maneuver
force of about 7.4 N, and a maximum expected temperature as 170 °C. The force density (i.e. pressure), roughly 0.2 N per square meter, that was exerted on
Aerobraking
the centrifugal force is determined by the radius of particle location and the rotational speed. The formula for centrifugal force density is: f ω = N ω
Centrifugal micro-fluidic biochip
Centrifugal_micro-fluidic_biochip
Study of still or slow electric charges
charge density. The average electric field, half the external value, also exerts a force (Coulomb's law) on the conductor patch where the force 𝐟 is given
Electrostatics
respectively to the conservative variables, i.e. the momentum density and the force density: j = ρ u f = ρ a {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\mathbf {j}
Cauchy_momentum_equation
Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid
A} where F D {\displaystyle F_{\rm {D}}} is the drag force, ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the density of the fluid, v {\displaystyle v} is the speed of the
Drag_(physics)
Law of electrical current and voltage
electric force on the charged particles giving rise to an electric current 𝐉. The equation of motion for the electron gas, with a number density ne, is
Ohm's_law
Gun ballistic calculation
Sectional density (often abbreviated SD) is the ratio of an object's mass to its cross sectional area with respect to a given axis. It conveys how well
Sectional_density
Principle relating to fluid dynamics
is the density and ρ(p) indicates that it is a function of pressure v is the flow speed Ψ is the potential associated with the conservative force field
Bernoulli's_principle
Amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time
power generated by a force 𝐅 on a body moving at the velocity 𝐯 can be expressed as the product: P=dWdt=𝐅⋅𝐯 If a constant force 𝐅 is applied throughout
Power_(physics)
Indian chemist (born 1942)
academic journals and he has authored two books, The Force Concept in Chemistry and The Single-Particle Density in Physics and Chemistry. He has also written
Bidyendu_Mohan_Deb
Physical field surrounding an electric charge
magnitude of the charges, the greater the force, and the greater the distance between them, the weaker the force. Informally, the greater the charge of an
Electric_field
Number of available physical states per energy unit
matter physics, the density of states (DOS) of a system describes the number of allowed modes or states per unit energy range. The density of states is defined
Density_of_states
Technique for measuring the density of a living person's body
measuring the relative density of an object. It is a direct application of Archimedes' principle, that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body
Hydrostatic_weighing
Energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe
nearly negligible. Dark energy's density is very low: 7×10−30 g/cm3 (6×10−10 J/m3 in mass-energy), much lower than the density of ordinary matter or dark matter
Dark_energy
Electromagnetic flow measurement technique
induced eddy currents leads to a Lorentz force (with density f→=j→×B→) which brakes the flow. The Lorentz force density is roughly f∼σvB2 where σ is the electrical
Lorentz_force_velocimetry
Chemical element with atomic number 74 (W)
also has the highest boiling point, at 5,930 °C (10,706 °F; 6,203 K). Its density is 19.254 g/cm3, comparable with that of uranium and gold, and much higher
Tungsten
Energy density associated with a magnetic field
{\displaystyle P_{B}} has units of energy density. In ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) the magnetic pressure force in an electrically conducting fluid with
Magnetic_pressure
Property of a mass in motion
electromagnetic fields, fluid dynamics and deformable bodies, a momentum density can be defined as momentum per volume (a volume-specific quantity) and
Momentum
Flow of electric charge
then the current density has the same sign as the velocity of the charges. For negative charges, the sign of the current density is opposite to the
Electric_current
well as in air. They have a force density of about 40 in a cantilever configuration, meaning that they can generate a tip force of almost 40 times their
Ionic polymer–metal composites
Ionic_polymer–metal_composites
Mathematical concept of energy in physics
real line (here viewed as a horizontal line). Let the vertical outer force density at each point x (a≤x≤b) on the string be f(x)𝐞, where 𝐞 is a unit
Energetic_space
Equation for the force of drag
the drag force, which is by definition the force component in the direction of the flow velocity, ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the mass density of the fluid
Drag_equation
Species of large cat
population density of 12–17 individuals per 100 km2 (39 sq mi) in an area of 521 km2 (201 sq mi). In northern Myanmar, the population density in a sampled
Tiger
Downslope wind due to a high-density air
of an elevated, high-density air mass into a lower-density air mass below. The spelling catabatic is also used. Since air density is strongly dependent
Katabatic_wind
Wang, Hong (2023-06-01). "Electrostatic Adhesion Clutch with Superhigh Force Density Achieved by MXene-Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride–Trifluoroethylene–Chlorotrifluoroethylene)
Electroadhesion
Type of inertial force
In Newtonian mechanics, a centrifugal force is a kind of fictitious force (or inertial force) that appears to act on all objects when viewed in a rotating
Centrifugal_force
State of balance between external forces on a fluid and internal pressure gradient
Finally, the weight of the volume element causes a force downwards. If the density is ρ, the volume is V and g the standard gravity, then: F weight
Hydrostatic_equilibrium
Physical theory of the cosmos
theory that describes how the universe expanded from an early state of high density and temperature. Various cosmological models based on the Big Bang concept
Big_Bang
Force perpendicular to flow of surrounding fluid
air density, and airspeed. Pressure is the normal force per unit area exerted by the air on itself and on surfaces that it touches. The lift force is transmitted
Lift_(force)
Generalization of tensor fields
differential geometry, a tensor density or relative tensor is a generalization of the tensor field concept. A tensor density transforms as a tensor field
Tensor_density
Mechanical process
involves the use of the centrifugal force to separate particles from a solution according to their size, shape, density, medium viscosity and rotor speed
Centrifugation
element analysis – Fluid dynamics – Fluid structure interaction – Force – Force density – Friction – Functionally graded material – Fundamentals of Engineering
Index of engineering science and mechanics articles
Index_of_engineering_science_and_mechanics_articles
Compact astronomical body
part of a letter published in 1784, calculated that a star with the same density but 500 times the radius of the Sun would not let any emitted light escape;
Black_hole
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
fluctuations, giving a treatment of the density variations in a fluid at its critical point. Ordinarily, the density fluctuations are controlled by the second
Albert_Einstein
Island country in Southeast Asia
planning areas and hundreds of subzones. It has the second highest population density of any country, although there are numerous green and recreational spaces
Singapore
States of matter for water as a solid
through scientific research with various techniques including pressurization, force application, nucleation agents, and others. On Earth, most ice is found
Phases_of_ice
Interactions between groups of atoms that do not arise from chemical bonds
consequence of quantum dynamics). The force results from a transient shift in electron density. Specifically, the electron density may temporarily shift to be greater
Van_der_Waals_force
Measuring device
related by the fluid density: if the density is constant, then the relationship is simply a scaling constant. However, the density of the fluid may change
Mass_flow_meter
Skeletal disorder
Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that all women 65 years of age or older be screened with a bone density scan. Additionally, they recommend
Osteoporosis
Country in East Asia
has the highest population density at 450 persons/km2 (1200/sq mi) as of 2010[update], while Hokkaido has the lowest density of 64.5 persons/km2 as of
Japan
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