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Possessing negative truth value
In logic, false (Its noun form is falsity) or untrue is the state of possessing negative truth value and is a nullary logical connective. In a truth-functional
False_(logic)
In logic, a statement which is always true
In mathematical logic, a tautology (from Ancient Greek: ταυτολογία) is a formula that is true regardless of the interpretation of its component terms
Tautology_(logic)
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up FALSE, false, or falsehood in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. False or falsehood most commonly refer to: False (logic), the negation of truth
False
System including an indeterminate value
true, false, and some third value. This is contrasted with the more commonly known bivalent logics (such as classical sentential or Boolean logic) which
Three-valued_logic
Branch of logic
Propositional logic is a branch of classical logic. It is also called statement logic, sentential calculus, propositional calculus, sentential logic, or sometimes
Propositional_logic
Study of correct reasoning
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical
Logic
Informal fallacy involving falsely limited alternatives
A false dilemma, also referred to as false dichotomy or false binary, is an informal fallacy based on a premise that erroneously limits what options are
False_dilemma
Argument whose conclusion must be true if its premises are
logic statements are not valid per se. Validity refers to entire arguments. The same is true in propositional logic (statements can be true or false but
Validity_(logic)
Method of deriving conclusions
Many-valued logics modify classical logic by introducing additional truth values. In classical logic, a proposition is either true or false with nothing
Rule_of_inference
Propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values
possible values (i.e., true and false) for any proposition. Classical two-valued logic may be extended to n-valued logic for n greater than 2. Those most
Many-valued_logic
Type of formal logic
formula is not a tautology in deontic modal logic, since what ought to be true can be false. Modal logics are formal systems that include unary operators
Modal_logic
Logic theorem
metaphysics rather than one of logic. Aristotle notes his logic would still work even if the law of non contradiction were false.[full citation needed] This
Law_of_noncontradiction
Type of formal logic
Paraconsistent logic is a type of non-classical logic that allows for the coexistence of contradictory statements without leading to a logical explosion
Paraconsistent_logic
Paradoxical assertion
In philosophy and logic, the classical liar paradox or liar's paradox or antinomy of the liar is the statement of a liar that they are lying: for instance
Liar_paradox
Bearer of truth values
For example, classical modal logic states that a proposition is necessarily true if it is impossible that it is false. There are different types of modality
Proposition
Value indicating the relation of a proposition to truth
which in classical logic has only two possible values (true or false). Truth values are used in computing as well as various types of logic. In some programming
Truth_value
Symbol representing a property or relation in logic
predicate variables, and may be true or false depending on those variables’ value or values. In propositional logic, atomic formulas are sometimes regarded
Predicate_(logic)
Class of formal logics
true or false. Classical logic is a 19th and 20th-century innovation. The name does not refer to classical antiquity, which used the term logic of Aristotle
Classical_logic
Study of the scope and nature of logic
Philosophy of logic is the branch of philosophy that studies the scope and nature of logic. It investigates the philosophical problems raised by logic, such as
Philosophy_of_logic
System for reasoning about vagueness
completely false. By contrast, in Boolean logic, the truth values of variables may only be the integer values 0 or 1. The term fuzzy logic was introduced
Fuzzy_logic
Inference rule in logic, proof theory, and automated theorem proving
theorem-proving technique for sentences in propositional logic and first-order logic. For propositional logic, systematically applying the resolution rule acts
Resolution_(logic)
Attempt to persuade or to determine the truth of a conclusion
have false premises that render it inconclusive: the conclusion of a valid argument with one or more false premises may be true or false. Logic seeks
Argument
Logical operation
contradiction is false, and while these ideas work in both classical and intuitionistic logic, they do not work in paraconsistent logic, where contradictions
Negation
Logic puzzle by Raymond Smullyan
The Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever is a logic puzzle so called by American philosopher and logician George Boolos and published in The Harvard Review of Philosophy
The_Hardest_Logic_Puzzle_Ever
Type of logical system
First-order logic, also called predicate logic, predicate calculus, or quantificational logic, is a type of formal system used in mathematics, philosophy
First-order_logic
Algebraic manipulation of "true" and "false"
x is false (relevance logic rejects this definition, by viewing an implication with a false premise as something other than either true or false). Exclusive
Boolean_algebra
Application of logical methods to philosophical problems
Many-valued logics allow additional truth values besides true and false. They thereby reject the principle of bivalence of truth. Paraconsistent logics are logical
Philosophical_logic
Topics referred to by the same term
A false conclusion is a result of reasoning that is false. It may refer to: Error False (logic) Any kind of fallacy Jumping to conclusions Reductio ad
False_conclusion
Symbol connecting formulas in logic
"verum") to be found in Peano in 1889. False: the symbol 0 {\displaystyle 0} comes also from Boole's interpretation of logic as a ring; other notations include
Logical_connective
Faulty deductive reasoning due to a logical flaw
self-contradictory statement Relevance logic – Kind of non-classical logic Scientific misconceptions – False beliefs about science Sophist – Teachers
Formal_fallacy
Process of drawing correct inferences
be false. Valid arguments follow a rule of inference, such as modus ponens or modus tollens. Deductive reasoning plays a central role in formal logic and
Logical_reasoning
Device performing a Boolean function
A logic gate is a device that performs a Boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that produces a single binary output
Logic_gate
Mathematical logic concept
In logic and mathematics, contraposition, or transposition, refers to the inference of going from a conditional statement into its logically equivalent
Contraposition
Argument that uses faulty reasoning
must follow. However, formal logic makes no such guarantee if any premise is false; the conclusion can be either true or false. Any formal error or logical
Fallacy
Logic gate implementing negation
In digital logic, an inverter or NOT gate is a logic gate which implements logical negation. It outputs a bit whose value is opposite of the input bit's
Inverter_(logic_gate)
Classical logic of two values, either true or false
value, either true or false. A logic satisfying this principle is called a two-valued logic or bivalent logic. In formal logic, the principle of bivalence
Principle_of_bivalence
List of symbols used to express logical relations
contains logic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of logic symbols. In logic, a set
List_of_logic_symbols
View that there are statements that are both true and false
dialetheism on the basis that, in traditional systems of logic (e.g., classical logic and intuitionistic logic), every statement becomes a theorem if a contradiction
Dialetheism
Various systems of symbolic logic
logic, sometimes more generally called constructive logic, refers to systems of symbolic logic that differ from the systems used for classical logic by
Intuitionistic_logic
Logical connective AND
In logic, mathematics and linguistics, and ( ∧ {\displaystyle \wedge } ) is the truth-functional operator of conjunction or logical conjunction. The logical
Logical_conjunction
Logical incompatibility between two or more propositions
a contradiction if false can be derived from it, using the rules of the logic. It is a proposition that is unconditionally false (i.e., a self-contradictory
Contradiction
Approach to logic
In logic and formal semantics, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to
Term_logic
Mathematical use of "for all" and "there exists"
In logic, a quantifier is an operator that specifies how many individuals in the domain of discourse satisfy an open formula. For instance, the universal
Quantifier_(logic)
Modal temporal logic with modalities referring to time
In logic, linear temporal logic or linear-time temporal logic (LTL) is a modal temporal logic with modalities referring to time. In LTL, one can encode
Linear_temporal_logic
Form of reasoning
about the deductive support is false, but even invalid deductive reasoning is a form of deductive reasoning. Deductive logic studies under what conditions
Deductive_reasoning
Logic gate
from mathematical logic; that is, a true output results if one, and only one, of the inputs to the gate is true. If both inputs are false (0/LOW) or both
XOR_gate
Ancient philosophy
authors. The smallest unit in Stoic logic is an assertible (axiomata), a proposition which is either true or false and which either affirms or denies.
Stoicism
Concept in mathematical logic
In logic and mathematics, the converse of a categorical or implicational statement is the result of reversing its two constituent statements. For the
Converse_(logic)
Look up Appendix:Glossary of logic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. This is a glossary of logic. Logic is the study of the principles of valid reasoning
Glossary_of_logic
Any logic with four truth values
values A4: Its possible values are true, false, both (true and false), and neither (true nor false). Belnap's logic is designed to cope with multiple information
Four-valued_logic
System for representing and reasoning about time
time. Sometimes it is true, and sometimes false, but never simultaneously true and false. In a temporal logic, a statement can have a truth value that
Temporal_logic
Programming language for industrial controllers
Ladder logic was originally a written method to document the design and construction of relay racks as used in manufacturing and process control. Each
Ladder_logic
Method to analyze non-binary inputs
to classical or digital logic, which operates on discrete values of either 1 or 0 (true or false, respectively). Fuzzy logic is widely used in machine
Fuzzy_control_system
Assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language
made both true and false by the same interpretation, although this is not true of glut logics such as LP. Even in classical logic, however, it is possible
Interpretation_(logic)
Form of incorrect argument in natural language
For example, false dilemmas or begging the question are fallacies despite being deductively valid. They are studied by informal logic. Part of the difficulty
Informal_fallacy
Statement that is true regardless of the truth or falsity of its constituent propositions
pure logic. Among other things, the logical positivists claimed that any proposition that is not empirically verifiable is neither true nor false, but
Logical_truth
Logical connective OR
semantics of logic, classical disjunction is a truth functional operation which returns the truth value true unless both of its arguments are false. Its semantic
Logical_disjunction
True when either but not both inputs are true
inputs, XOR is true if and only if the inputs differ (one is true, one is false). With multiple inputs, XOR is true if and only if the number of true inputs
Exclusive_or
Type of non-monotonic logic
something is true”; by contrast, standard logic can only express that something is true or that something is false. This is a problem because reasoning often
Default_logic
Data having only values "true" or "false"
possible values (usually denoted true and false) which is intended to represent the two truth values of logic and Boolean algebra. It is named after George
Boolean_data_type
Subfield of mathematics
Mathematical logic is the study of formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory
Mathematical_logic
Type of modal logic
Epistemic modal logic is a subfield of modal logic that is concerned with reasoning about knowledge. While epistemology has a long philosophical tradition
Epistemic_modal_logic
Logical principle
In logic, the law of excluded middle or the principle of excluded middle states that for every proposition, either this proposition or its negation is
Law_of_excluded_middle
Possible truths which are not necessary
In logic, contingency is the feature of a statement making it neither necessary nor impossible. Contingency is a fundamental concept of modal logic. Modal
Contingency_(philosophy)
claimed to be false because the antecedent is false; if A, then B; not A, therefore not B. A quantification fallacy is an error in logic where the quantifiers
List_of_fallacies
Informal fallacy
ignorance, is an informal fallacy where something is claimed to be true or false because of a lack of evidence to the contrary. The fallacy is committed
Argument_from_ignorance
Logical fallacy of inconsistency
false equivalence or false equivalency is an informal fallacy in which an equivalence is drawn between two subjects based on flawed, faulty, or false
False_equivalence
Logical connective
{\displaystyle Q} is false. Material implication is used in all the basic systems of classical logic as well as some nonclassical logics. It is assumed as
Material_conditional
Fallacy that since an argument contains a logical fallacy, its conclusion must be false
since it contains a fallacy, its conclusion must be false. It is also called argument to logic (argumentum ad logicam), the fallacy fallacy, the fallacist's
Argument_from_fallacy
Whether a decision problem has an effective method to derive the answer
In logic, a true/false decision problem is decidable if there exists an effective method for deriving the correct answer. Logical systems are decidable
Decidability_(logic)
Form of incorrect argument and informal fallacy
proposition (i.e., "stand up a straw man") and the subsequent refutation of that false argument ("knock down a straw man"), instead of the opponent's proposition
Straw_man
Mathematical table used in logic
A truth table is a mathematical table used in logic—specifically in connection with Boolean algebra, Boolean functions, and propositional calculus—which
Truth_table
Rules to verify computer program correctness
Hoare logic (also known as Floyd–Hoare logic or Hoare rules) is a formal system with a set of logical rules for reasoning rigorously about the correctness
Hoare_logic
Statement supporting a conclusion
is a proposition offered to support a conclusion. Premises are true or false statements that serve as the starting points of arguments by presenting
Premise
Mathematical use of "there exists"
In predicate logic, an existential quantification is a type of quantifier which asserts the existence of an object with a given property. It is usually
Existential_quantification
System of logic in mathematics and philosophy
philosophy, Łukasiewicz logic (/ˌwʊkəˈʃɛvɪtʃ/ WUUK-ə-SHEV-itch, Polish: [wukaˈɕɛvitʂ]) is a non-classical, many-valued logic. It was originally defined
Łukasiewicz_logic
Extension of modal logic
In logic, philosophy, and theoretical computer science, dynamic logic is an extension of modal logic capable of encoding properties of computer programs
Dynamic_logic_(modal_logic)
Rule of logical inference
In propositional logic, modus tollens (/ˈmoʊdəs ˈtɒlɛnz/) (MT), also known as modus tollendo tollens (Latin for "mode that by denying denies") and denying
Modus_tollens
Type of fallacy in modal logic
statement to be false. Some philosophers further argue that a necessarily true statement must be true in all possible worlds. In modal logic, a proposition
Modal_fallacy
Theory of logic to account for observations from quantum theory
In the mathematical study of logic and the physical analysis of quantum foundations, quantum logic is a set of rules for manipulation of propositions
Quantum_logic
Logic founded on unproven premises
In classical rhetoric and logic, begging the question or assuming the conclusion (Latin: petītiō principiī) is an informal fallacy that occurs when an
Begging_the_question
Logically self-contradictory statement
is both true and false at the same time. It may be regarded as a fourth kind, or alternatively as a special case of antinomy. In logic, it is often assumed
Paradox
Steps in reasoning
or assumed to be true, with the laws of valid inference being studied in logic. Induction is inference from particular evidence to a universal conclusion
Inference
Type of digital logic implemented by Boolean circuits
In automata theory, combinational logic (also referred to as time-independent logic) is a type of digital logic that is implemented by Boolean circuits
Combinational_logic
Covert operation designed to deceive
A false flag operation is an act committed with the intent of disguising the actual source of responsibility and pinning blame on another party. The term
False_flag
Theorem in formal logic
proposition is true or false Law of noncontradiction – no proposition can be both true and not true Paraconsistent logic – a family of logics used to address
Principle_of_explosion
Conditional statement which is true because the antecedent cannot be satisfied
Indeed, if P {\displaystyle P} is false, then P ⇒ Q {\displaystyle P\Rightarrow Q} will yield a vacuous truth in any logic that uses the material conditional;
Vacuous_truth
The history of logic deals with the study of the development of the science of valid inference (logic). Formal logics developed in ancient times in India
History_of_logic
Type of logical formula
mathematical logic and logic programming, a Horn clause is a logical formula of a particular rule-like form that gives it useful properties for use in logic programming
Horn_clause
Programming paradigm based on formal logic
Logic programming is a programming, database, and knowledge representation paradigm based on formal logic. A logic program is a set of sentences in logical
Logic_programming
Logical reasoning method
Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking, Cengage Learning, pp. 132–142, ISBN 978-1-133-71164-3 Gensler, Harry J. (2003). Introduction to Logic. New York
Argument_from_analogy
Reasoning of knowledge about knowledge
{\displaystyle F} is assumed false if it is not known to be true. This is a form of negation as failure. The semantics of autoepistemic logic is based on the expansions
Autoepistemic_logic
Limitative results in mathematical logic
Gödel's incompleteness theorems are two theorems of mathematical logic that are concerned with the limits of provability in formal axiomatic theories
Gödel's incompleteness theorems
Gödel's_incompleteness_theorems
1989 novel by Louis Sachar
willing to eat. Chapter 8 involves "false logic" puzzles, with statements presented as questions on true-or-false quizzes. In the final chapter, Sue finally
Sideways Arithmetic from Wayside School
Sideways_Arithmetic_from_Wayside_School
Pair of logical equivalences
making its negation false. Presented in English, this follows the logic that "since two things are both false, it is also false that either of them is
De_Morgan's_laws
Logical connective
↔⇔≡⟺ Logical symbols representing iff In logic and related fields such as mathematics and philosophy, "if and only if" (often shortened as "iff") is
If_and_only_if
Form of digital logic family in integrated circuits
the output and the negative supply, forcing the output to be low (logic 0, = False). When both A and B are high, both transistors are conductive, creating
NMOS_logic
Mathematical use of "for all"
In mathematical logic, a universal quantification is a type of quantifier, a logical constant which is interpreted as "given any", "for all", "for every"
Universal_quantification
Type of probabilistic logic
Subjective logic is a type of probabilistic logic that explicitly takes epistemic uncertainty and source trust into account. In general, subjective logic is suitable
Subjective_logic
Rule of logical inference
of mathematical logic, such as Begriffsschrift and Principia Mathematica. Given two variables p and q that can either be true or false, implication (p
Modus_ponens
FALSE LOGIC
FALSE LOGIC
Boy/Male
Tamil
Durmada | தà¯à®°à¯à®®à®¤à®¾
The false pride
Durmada | தà¯à®°à¯à®®à®¤à®¾
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Batchelor, altered by false association with elder.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Indian, Kannada
The False Pride
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Vauxhall, habitational name from a place in Surrey so called, on the south bank of the River Thames, now part of Greater London. This was named in the 13th century as Faukeshalle ‘the Hall of Fauke’, a reference to Baron Falke de Breaulté, who was granted the manor by King John in 1233. This was the site of a famous pleasure garden frequented by 18th-century Londoners.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Greek Bariesou, BAR-JESUS means "son of Jesus." In the New Testament bible, this is the name of a false prophet.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English hals ‘neck’ (Old English h(e)als). This was a nickname for a man with a long neck or for a conspicuous sufferer from goiter (a common affliction in medieval times).English (Devon) : topographic name denoting someone living on a neck of land (from Middle English atte halse ‘at the neck’), or a habitational name from either of two places in Devon and Somerset named Halse, from this word. To a lesser extent Halse in Northamptonshire, named from Old English hals + hÅh ‘ridge’, may also have contributed to the surname.Norwegian : habitational name from any of three farmsteads in the county of Møre og Romsdal. The farmsteads are so named from the Old Norse dative singular of hals ‘neck’, referring to a neck of land, or a ridge between two valleys.
Boy/Male
Hindu
The false pride
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish (of Norman origin)
English and Scottish (of Norman origin) : habitational name, a variant of Vaux.English and Scottish (of Norman origin) : There are a number of early English examples of the name with articles rather than prepositions, which Reaney explains as being from a southern form of Middle English faus ‘false’, ‘untrustworthy’ (late Old English fals, from Latin falsus, reinforced by Old French fals, faus from the same source).
Boy/Male
Biblical
Idols; masters; false gods.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by a patch of fallow land, Middle English falwe (Old English f(e)alg). This word was used to denote both land left uncultivated for a time to recover its fertility and land recently brought into cultivation.The name is also borne by Ashkenazic Jews, as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.
Biblical
idols; masters; false gods
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Ashtaroth, ASTAROTH means "star." In the bible, this is the name applied to false goddesses in the Canaanite religion, usually related to a fertility cult. It is also the name of a city in Bashan east of the Jordan given to Manasseh.
Male
Greek
(ΒαÏιησοÏ) Greek form of Aramaic Bar-Yesu, BARIESOU means "son of Jesus." In the New Testament bible, this is the name of a false prophet.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Sanskrit, Telugu
False Pride; Illusion
Boy/Male
German
Surname relating to falconry.
Boy/Male
Danish, German
Relating to Falconry; Falconer
Boy/Male
Polynesian
House.
Female
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Ashtarowth, ASHTAROTH means "star." In the bible, this is the name applied to false goddesses in the Canaanite religion, usually related to a fertility cult. It is also the name of a city in Bashan east of the Jordan given to Manasseh.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English, Old French palmer, paumer (from palme, paume ‘palm tree’, Latin palma), a nickname for someone who had been on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Such pilgrims generally brought back a palm branch as proof that they had actually made the journey, but there was a vigorous trade in false souvenirs, and the term also came to be applied to a cleric who sold indulgences.Swedish (Palmér) : ornamental name formed with palm ‘palm tree’ + the suffix -ér, from Latin -erius ‘descendant of’.Irish : when not truly of English origin (see 1 above), a surname adopted by bearers of Gaelic Ó Maolfhoghmhair (see Milford) perhaps because they were from an ecclesiastical family.German : topographic name for someone living among pussy willows (see Palm 2).German : from the personal name Palm (see Palm 3).
Female
Hebrew
(עַש×ְתְּרï‹×ª) Hebrew name, ASHTAROWTH means "star." In the bible, this is the name applied to false goddesses in the Canaanite religion, usually related to a fertility cult. It is also the name of a city in Bashan east of the Jordan given to Manasseh.
FALSE LOGIC
FALSE LOGIC
Boy/Male
Greek American English French Scottish
The Greek form of the Hebrew Elijah, meaning Jehovah is God.
Female
Finnish
Finnish name PÄIVÄ means "day."
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
A Beautiful Flower
Boy/Male
Muslim
Discretion, Sense, Manners, Distinction, Distinguishing
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Blood
Boy/Male
Biblical
Right, singing.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
A Sage
Boy/Male
Welsh American Anglo Saxon
Ardent.
Girl/Female
Latin
Priestess of Apollo.
Girl/Female
Muslim
A person who knows the recital of the Quran
FALSE LOGIC
FALSE LOGIC
FALSE LOGIC
FALSE LOGIC
FALSE LOGIC
a.
Faitless; false; treacherous.
v.
False swearing.
superl.
Not genuine or real; assumed or designed to deceive; counterfeit; hypocritical; as, false tears; false modesty; false colors; false jewelry.
a.
To betray; to falsify.
a.
Deceiving by false show; deceitful; deceptive; false; illusory; unreal.
superl.
Uttering falsehood; unveracious; given to deceit; dishnest; as, a false witness.
superl.
Not well founded; not firm or trustworthy; erroneous; as, a false claim; a false conclusion; a false construction in grammar.
a.
To report falsely; to falsify.
superl.
Not according with truth or reality; not true; fitted or likely to deceive or disappoint; as, a false statement.
a.
False-hearted.
a.
To mislead by want of truth; to deceive.
adv.
Not truly; not honestly; falsely.
n.
False optics.
superl.
Not essential or permanent, as parts of a structure which are temporary or supplemental.
superl.
Not in tune.
n.
False religion.
superl.
Not faithful or loyal, as to obligations, allegiance, vows, etc.; untrue; treacherous; perfidious; as, a false friend, lover, or subject; false to promises.
a.
To feign; to pretend to make.
a.
False; specious; counterfeit.
a.
Making a false appearance; unreal; false; as, pretended friend.