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System of bank switching in DOS memory management
In DOS memory management, expanded memory is a system of bank switching that provided additional memory to DOS programs beyond the limit of conventional
Expanded_memory
Sony's removable flash memory card format, launched in July 1998
The Memory Stick is a removable flash memory card format, originally launched by Sony in late 1998. In addition to the original Memory Stick, this family
Memory_Stick
Topics referred to by the same term
extended memory area; an addressable region of memory under a DOS Extender Expanded Memory Adapter, an IBM standard for XT-era expanded memory XMA, part
XMA
Events in the history of 16-bit x86 DOS-family disk operating systems
Officially Endorse Microsoft's Extended Memory Spec, InfoWorld, October 3, 1988 Tutor: Expanded vs. extended memory, PC Magazine, December 26, 1989, p. 309–10
Timeline of DOS operating systems
Timeline_of_DOS_operating_systems
Section of computer memory in PC compatibles
under DOS. Extended memory should not be confused with expanded memory (EMS), an earlier method for expanding the IBM PC's memory capacity beyond 640
Extended_memory
Memory manager produced by Quarterdeck Office Systems
Quarterdeck Expanded Memory Manager (QEMM) is a memory manager produced by Quarterdeck Office Systems in the late 1980s through the late 1990s. It was
QEMM
1990 Microsoft operating system version
although it can still use expanded memory, which is memory that is added by installing expanded memory boards or memory managers. However, it also provides
Windows_3.0
Techniques employed to give access to more than 640 kibibytes
program) the expanded memory board to map that part of memory into the processor's address space. Although applications could use expanded memory with relative
DOS_memory_management
Transistorized computer delivered from 1961 to 1967
electric power. An improved version Z23V was released in 1965, with expanded memory and a higher processing speed. The Z23 weighed about 1,000 kilograms
Z23_(computer)
Computer operating system
introduced more sophisticated keyboard shortcuts and could make use of expanded memory. Windows 2.1 was released in two different versions: Windows/286 and
Microsoft_Windows
Line-oriented debug utility in DOS
[firstsector] [number] allocate expanded memory XA [#pages] deallocate expanded memory XD [handle] map expanded memory pages XM [Lpage] [Ppage]
Debug_(command)
Ability to recall an image from memory after one viewing
Eidetic memory (/aɪˈdɛtɪk/ eye-DET-ik), also known as photographic memory and total recall, is the ability to recall an image from memory with high precision—at
Eidetic_memory
Device driver in MS-DOS
the expanded memory manager of Microsoft's MS-DOS, IBM's PC DOS, Digital Research's DR-DOS, and Datalight's ROM-DOS which is used to create expanded memory
EMM386
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
Memory is the faculty of the mind by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed. It is the retention of information over time
Memory
CEMM, for Compaq Expanded Memory Manager was the first so-called PC "memory manager" for Intel 80386 CPUs, able to provide expanded memory (EMS) emulation
CEMM
Semiconductor memory supply crisis
reportedly expanded its 1c DRAM capacity to target 60,000 wafers per month specifically for HBM4 production, further diverting resources from consumer memory lines
2024–present global memory supply shortage
2024–present_global_memory_supply_shortage
Computer memory management scheme
paging scheme Expanded memory Memory management Memory segmentation Page (computer memory) Page cache, a disk cache that utilizes virtual memory mechanism
Memory_paging
Hardware that translates virtual addresses to physical addresses
1 MiB (1024 KiB) of physical memory (and memory-mapped i/o). (Optional expanded memory hardware can add bank-switched memory under software control.) Later
Memory_management_unit
Form of computer data storage
order it was written. Drum memory could be expanded at relatively low cost but efficient retrieval of memory items requires knowledge of the physical layout
Random-access_memory
Family of operating systems for IBM PC compatibles
to allow access to additional memory. The first was the Expanded Memory Specification (EMS) was designed to allow memory on an add-on card to be accessed
DOS
Division of computer's primary memory into separately relocatable segments or sections
Memory segmentation is an operating system memory management technique of dividing a computer's primary memory into segments or sections. In a computer
Memory_segmentation
Text mode multitasking operating environment
make maximum use of extended memory on Intel 80386 processors, by transforming it into expanded memory and upper memory blocks (UMBs) accessible to DESQview
DESQview
First 640 KB of RAM under DOS
In DOS memory management, conventional memory, also called base memory, is the first 640 kilobytes of the memory on IBM PC or compatible systems. It is
Conventional_memory
1988 Microsoft operating system version
conventional and extended memory, although it ignores expanded memory. The facilities for converting extended memory into expanded memory are built into Windows/386
Windows_2.1
RAM area of an IBM AT or compatible computer
recording various properties of the loaded real-mode drivers. Expanded memory (EMS) Extended memory (XMS) HMAREA (CONFIG.SYS directive) to specify the HMA segment
High_memory_area
Physical memory region on IBM PC compatibles
expanded memory can be emulated using extended memory so this method of providing upper memory blocks is usually provided by the expanded memory manager
Upper_memory_area
1981 American microcomputer model
variant further, for a total of 640 KB conventional memory, and possibly several megabytes of expanded memory beyond that, though on PC/XT-class machines, the
IBM_Personal_Computer
Computer program that returns control to a non-multitasking OS without exiting
data above the first 1 MB of memory and using the code below 640 KB to access the extended memory using expanded memory (EMS) by making use of overlay
Terminate-and-stay-resident program
Terminate-and-stay-resident_program
1970 Gene Youngblood book
Expanded Cinema by Gene Youngblood (1970), the first book to consider video as an art form, was influential in establishing the field of media arts. In
Expanded_Cinema
2019 video game
Episode 2, the game was remade and expanded in both gameplay and story into a full-length title called Bright Memory: Infinite (Chinese: 光明记忆：无限), released
Bright_Memory
Spreadsheet software
use large amounts of memory, 1‐2‐3 helped popularize greater RAM capacities in PCs, and especially the advent of expanded memory, which allowed greater
Lotus_1-2-3
in Dublin, Ireland. Their most famous products were the Quarterdeck Expanded Memory Manager, DESQview, CleanSweep, DESQview/X, Quarterdeck Mosaic, Manifest
Quarterdeck_Office_Systems
Like of feature phones
such as keypads with non-touchscreen displays, cameras with flash, expandable memory, Bluetooth and FM radios. Some models have 4G modems, while some run
Nokia_Originals
Graphing calculator by Texas Instruments
assembly access in later models, such as the TI-83 and TI-86, along with expanded memory. The TI-86 is very similar to the TI-85, sharing the same display resolution
TI-85
Computers derived from the IBM PC
only had a 20-bit memory addressing space. To expand PCs beyond one megabyte, Lotus, Intel, and Microsoft jointly created expanded memory (EMS), a bank-switching
IBM_PC_compatible
Second model of Apple's Macintosh computer line
AppleShare built-in file sharing network, when introduced in 1987. The expanded memory in the 512K allowed it to better handle large word-processing documents
Macintosh_512K
integrated 286 and 386 expanded memory manager. The NETROOM 286/386 memory manager provided access to expanded memory and extended memory on Intel 80386 or
Helix_Netroom
Maximum amount of RAM accessible by a computer
and Microsoft. This standard was the Expanded Memory Specification (EMS). Pages of memory from expanded memory hardware were accessible through an addressing
RAM_limit
Cell phone released in 2005
advanced features from the Motorola V620. A stand out feature was the expandable memory using the card slot, something that was uncommon on clamshells at
Motorola_V360
Electronic non-volatile computer storage device
Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash
Flash_memory
Electronic data storage device
phased out expandable storage in favor of internal storage. Common types of flash memory card include SD cards (including microSD), Sony's Memory Stick and
Memory_card
8-bit microprocessor
faster at the same clock frequency. eZ80 features an optional mode that expands memory addressing to 16 megabytes. The eZ80 has a three-stage pipeline: fetch
Zilog_eZ80
Personal computer by IBM
revert to 256 KB RAM on the system board but were also shipped with an Expanded Memory Adapter (XMA) with 1 MB RAM standard. Optionally these models (released
IBM_3270_PC
Cognitive system for temporarily holding information
working memory. Other suggested names were short-term memory, primary memory, immediate memory, operant memory, and provisional memory. Short-term memory is
Working_memory
Program providing access to unapproved drugs or medical devices
Provider myTomorrows Expanded Access as an Expanded Access Provider This article incorporates public domain material from Expanded Access (Compassionate
Expanded_access
Series of low-cost single-board computers
Cortex-M33 or RISC-V processors, 520 KB of RAM, and 4 MB of flash memory. Raspberry Pi expanded its artificial intelligence focused hardware ecosystem with
Raspberry_Pi
Topics referred to by the same term
interaction domain Lotus-Intel-Microsoft, the alliance responsible for the Expanded Memory Specification (EMS) Jorge Chávez International Airport (IATA airport
Lim
Model of human memory
working memory model as an alternative to the short-term store in Atkinson and Shiffrin's 'multi-store' memory model (1968). This model is later expanded upon
Baddeley's model of working memory
Baddeley's_model_of_working_memory
Memory of autobiographical events
Episodic memory is the memory of everyday events (such as times, location geography, associated emotions, and other contextual information) that can be
Episodic_memory
1987 Microsoft operating system version
8086 processor, although the high memory area would not be available on an 8086-class processor; however, expanded memory could still be used. IBM's PS/2
Windows_2.0
65(C)02 cross development software
(block-oriented disk I/O bypassing the file system) em (expanded memory, used for all kinds of memory beyond the 6502's 64K barrier, similar EMS) joystick
Cc65
US military airborne general-purpose computer
GPM and the memory modules. The read/write expandable memory module (RXM) is a 4K word module with an 18-bit word that serves as memory for the IOP.
AN/AYK-14
Line of e-book readers manufactured by Sony
Gray scale: 8-levels gray scale Internal Memory: 512MB, 380MB accessible Expanded Memory: Support for Sony Memory Stick Pro DUO and SDHC up to @16 Gb Font
Sony_Reader
IBM's 64-bit instruction set architecture implemented by its mainframe computers
supported another kind of memory: Expanded Storage. It was first introduced with the IBM 3090 high-end mainframe series in 1985. Expanded Storage is 4KB-page
Z/Architecture
use of expanded memory required a reserved 64KiB region in upper memory. The first restart inserted the SIZER.EXE program which gauged the memory needed
List_of_DOS_commands
Types of accurate and detailed recall
Exceptional memory is the ability to have accurate and detailed recall in a variety of ways, including hyperthymesia, eidetic memory, synesthesia, and
Exceptional_memory
Relational database management system
dynamic query optimization. Effective use of conventional, extended, and expanded memory – caching data tables and particularly indexes, which caused Paradox
Paradox_(database)
Computer memory that does not lose its contents after being turned off
Non-volatile memory (NVM) or non-volatile storage is a type of computer memory that can retain stored information even after power is removed. In contrast
Non-volatile_memory
drivers: ANSI.SYS: ANSI console driver. EMM386.EXE: Expanded memory manager. HIMEM.SYS: Extended memory manager. RAMDRIVE.SYS / VDISK.SYS: RAM disk; VDISK
List_of_DOS_system_files
Memory card format
cards appearing on portable computers. JEIDA cards could be used to expand system memory or as a solid-state storage drive. Before the advent of the JEIDA
JEIDA_memory_card
Process of storage and retrieval memory
explicit memory (declarative memory) and implicit memory (non-declarative memory). Explicit memory is broken down into episodic and semantic memory, while
Long-term_memory
Home video game console
drive, keyboard, data port, as well as the potential for a modem, expanded memory, and other computer-like capabilities. Yamauchi ultimately instructed
Nintendo_Entertainment_System
Gaming generation since 2020
but otherwise is equivalent to the base model. Both models support expanded memory options to store games and other data onto external drives, thus allowing
Ninth generation of video game consoles
Ninth_generation_of_video_game_consoles
Text editing software
memory, but to support larger files, later versions supported various DOS memory management features including expanded memory (EMS), extended memory
The_SemWare_Editor
Historical theory in geology
The expanding Earth or growing Earth was a hypothesis attempting to explain the position and relative movement of continents by increase in the volume
Expanding_Earth
Topics referred to by the same term
Quarterdeck, part of a warship Quarterdeck Office Systems Quarterdeck Expanded Memory Manager Quarterdeck Mosaic Quarterdeck DESQview/X 2.0 Quarterdeck Cleansweep
Quarterdeck_(disambiguation)
Software company
released in November 1986. Phar Lap’s product line was expanded to include 386|VMM, a virtual memory add-in driver, LinkLoc, a linker-locator for embedded
Phar_Lap_Software
Architecture of computer operating systems
SETVER.EXE. Windows reserves all upper memory blocks for Windows 95 operating system use or for expanded memory. Windows 95 and 98 execute COMMAND.COM
Architecture_of_Windows_9x
Topics referred to by the same term
extension to Short Message Service (SMS) for mobile phone Expanded Memory Specification, a memory specification for x86 PCs supported by DOS etc. Enterprise
EMS
Process for preserving information in DRAM
Memory refresh is a process of periodically reading information from an area of computer memory and immediately rewriting the read information to the
Memory_refresh
Software for memory management on DOS computers
Qualitas MAX) is a computer memory manager for DOS-based personal computers. It competed with Quarterdeck's QEMM memory manager. It was manufactured
386MAX
Cell phone model
VGA‑resolution digital camera, a video camera, a music player, and expandable memory. Cingular Wireless was the primary GSM carrier that offered the Nokia
Nokia_6230
Android smartphone by Huawei
8/128 GB. The expandable memory and SIM card slot may differ on the variant: The X7 has a slot for SIM card and a microSD memory expandable up to 512 GB
Honor_X7
American company producing semiconductor devices
manufactures computer memory and computer data storage products, including dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), flash memory, High Bandwidth Memory (HBM), and solid-state
Micron_Technology
table provides summary of comparison of various flash memory cards, as of 2025[update]. Of memory cards (i.e. intended as such, to use e.g. internally)
Comparison_of_memory_cards
Alloy which returns to a preset shape when heated
In metallurgy, a shape-memory alloy (SMA) is an alloy that can be deformed when cold but returns to its pre-deformed ("remembered") shape when heated.
Shape-memory_alloy
the Nord Piano 3, which includes an improved 88-key keybed and an expanded memory (1 GB dedicated to piano samples, with 256 MB dedicated to additional
Nord_Piano
Firmware for hardware initialization and OS runtime services
refresh for all system DRAM in conventional memory and extended memory, but not necessarily expanded memory, has been set up and is running. The interrupt
BIOS
Topics referred to by the same term
virtual memory addresses to physical addresses DOS memory management Expanded memory manager (EMM) Extended memory manager (XMM) HIMEM.SYS 80386 memory manager
Memory_manager
Microcontroller family
by Texas Instruments in 1975. This type of microprocessors are an expanded memory version of the TMS1000. The 1100 is built on PMOS technology with clock
Texas_Instruments_TMS1100
Memory work is a process of engaging with the past which has both an ethical and historical dimension. During memory work, the process of producing an
Memory_work
Programming technique for efficiently duplicating data
commonly applied to memory, files, and data structures. Copy-on-write finds its main use in operating systems, sharing the physical memory of computers running
Copy-on-write
increase the speed of data transfer (i.e. bandwidth). Local buses for expanded memory and video boards are the most common. VESA Local Bus and Processor
Local_bus
Sampler Keyboard
samples. A rack-mounted version was also available, which featured expanded memory. 15 to 30 kHz variable sampling rates at a 12-bit resolution, (28.8
Roland_S-50
Undocumented Intel 80286 and 80386 instructions
Securities Group) that converted hard disk space or extended memory into expanded memory), and OS/2 1.0 and 1.1 used the 286 LOADALL instruction. DOS
LOADALL
Topics referred to by the same term
AST-Quadram-Ashton-Tate, an alliance responsible for the definition of the Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification (EEMS) Assessment and Qualifications Alliance, an exam
AQA_(disambiguation)
Motorola cell phone released in 2006-2007
HSDPA (3.5G) and EDGE SMS, EMS, MMS 50 MB of Memory Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR, mini USB 2.0 Expandable memory card slot (microSD, up to 2 GB) Video calling
Motorola_Razr_Maxx
PC-based text editor imitating mainframe ISPF
SPF/PC". Computerworld. September 19, 1988. SPC/PC uses .. extended or expanded memory "SPF/SE 365". Archived from the original on April 10, 2018. Retrieved
SPF/PC
Line of consumer electronic devices
500 nits Processor: Google Tensor G2 Storage: 128 GB or 256 GB; are non-expandable Memory: 8 GB LPDDR5 RAM Camera: Rear and front: 8 MP (ƒ/2.0, 1/4" sensor
Google_Pixel
Defunct touchscreen smartphone
ARM9 274 MHz. The device features 1 GB of onboard memory, 128 MB of NVRAM and an expandable memory slot support for a microSD card of up to an additional
BlackBerry_Storm
Small computer on a single integrated circuit
expanded the microcontroller division's budget by over 25%. Most microcontrollers at this time had concurrent variants. One had EPROM program memory,
Microcontroller
Family of backward-compatible assembly languages
address. The original IBM PC restricted programs to 640 KB but an expanded memory specification was used to implement a bank switching scheme that fell
X86_assembly_language
Home video game console
The Microsoft BASIC programming cartridge uses one of these ports. Expanded memory cartridges support 1,000 pages of 8 KB each. A third pass-through cartridge
Intellivision
Memory used for information that only needs to be stored for a short time
Short-term memory (or "primary" or "active memory") is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in an active, readily available state for
Short-term_memory
Defunct American nonprofit organization
board. The goal of the FMSF expanded to become more than an advocacy organization, also attempting to address the issues of memory that seemed to have caused
False Memory Syndrome Foundation
False_Memory_Syndrome_Foundation
expanded memory manager in DOS (e.g. CEMM, QEMM, later EMM386) and does allow 80386 protected-mode DOS extenders to coexist with 80386 EMS expanded memory
Virtual Control Program Interface
Virtual_Control_Program_Interface
Concept in computer architecture
In memory addressing for computer architectures, segment descriptors are a part of the segmentation unit, used for translating a logical address to a linear
Segment_descriptor
2023 studio album by Old Dominion
Memory Lane is the fifth studio album by American country music band Old Dominion. It was released on October 6, 2023, via Sony Music Nashville's RCA Nashville
Memory_Lane_(album)
1987 computer by Compaq
versions. CEMM.EXE (386 CPU) / CEMMP.EXE (286 CPU), Compaq Expanded Memory Manager, a memory manager which is incompatible with Windows 3.x CHARSET.COM
Compaq_Portable_386
Overview of and topical guide to computers
random-access memory Dynamic video memory technology ECC memory Environmental memory EOS memory Expanded memory Extended memory External Memory Interface
Outline_of_computers
EXPANDED MEMORY
EXPANDED MEMORY
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
To Expand
Boy/Male
Arabic
Expander; Spreader; One who Enlarges
Boy/Male
Tamil
Constisting of extended troops
Boy/Male
Muslim
Servant of the expander, Extender
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Awakened; Roused; Expanded
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Continuous Extended
Boy/Male
Indian
Servant of the expander, Extender
Boy/Male
Indian
The expander
Biblical
burning; adoration,extended land
Boy/Male
Hindu
Constisting of extended troops
Boy/Male
Arabic
Creator; Servant of the Expander
Girl/Female
Australian, Biblical, British, Christian, English, German, Hawaiian, Hebrew
Large; Extended; Broad; Spacious; Wide
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the Expander
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the Expander (Allah)
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Vastness; Expanse
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Servant of the Expander
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Sanskrit
To Expand; Progress
Boy/Male
Muslim
The expander
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the Expander (Allah)
Surname or Lastname
English
English : extended form of Yates.
EXPANDED MEMORY
EXPANDED MEMORY
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Glowing Fire; Strong
Surname or Lastname
Irish and Scottish
Irish and Scottish : reduced form of McBride.Perhaps also a reduced form of Scottish Kilbride.English : metathesized variant of Bird.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, Lebanese
Saint's Name
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
From the Enclosure
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
Male
Greek
(Δίδυμος) Greek name DIDYMOS means "two-fold, twain." In the New Testament bible, this is the name of a Christian.Â
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Sanskrit, Telugu
River
Boy/Male
Tamil
Who is always victorious, Winner from directions, Perfectly victorious
Girl/Female
English
Warm.
Girl/Female
American, British, Christian, English
Joyful; Happy; Combination of the Popular Prefix La with the Name Keshia; Lakeisha and Its Variants are Rhyming Forms of Leticia
EXPANDED MEMORY
EXPANDED MEMORY
EXPANDED MEMORY
EXPANDED MEMORY
EXPANDED MEMORY
imp. & p. p.
of Expend
a.
Unfolded; expanded; exhibited conspicuously or ostentatiously.
a.
That expands, or may be expanded; extending; spreading; enlarging.
v. i.
To become widely opened, spread apart, dilated, distended, or enlarged; as, flowers expand in the spring; metals expand by heat; the heart expands with joy.
a.
Capable of being extended, susceptible of being stretched, extended, enlarged, widened, or expanded.
imp. & p. p.
of Expand
n.
That which is expanded or spread out; a wide extent of space or body; especially, the arch of the sky.
v. t.
To lay open by extending; to open wide; to spread out; to diffuse; as, a flower expands its leaves.
imp. & p. p.
of Extend
n.
That which is expanded; expanse; extend surface; as, the expansion of a sheet or of a lake; the expansion was formed of metal.
v. t.
To cause the particles or parts of to spread themselves or stand apart, thus increasing bulk without addition of substance; to make to occupy more space; to dilate; to distend; to extend every way; to enlarge; -- opposed to contract; as, to expand the chest; heat expands all bodies; to expand the sphere of benevolence.
v.
Something drawn out or extended; expanse.
a.
Expanded; enlarged.
a.
Not drawn together, closed, or contracted; extended; expanded; as, an open hand; open arms; an open flower; an open prospect.
v. t.
To expand.
n.
Anything which causes expansion esp. (Mech.) a tool for stretching open or expanding a tube, etc.
v. t.
To state in enlarged form; to develop; as, to expand an equation. See Expansion, 5.
a.
Extensive; expanded.
a.
Extended.
v. i.
To become expanded or inflated; to swell.