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First 640 KB of RAM under DOS
In DOS memory management, conventional memory, also called base memory, is the first 640 kilobytes of the memory on IBM PC or compatible systems. It is
Conventional_memory
Short and simple version of a method
interface code left in conventional memory by self-relocating resident drivers which move most of themselves into upper memory, the high memory area, expanded
Method_stub
1995 Microsoft operating system version
out of conventional memory while doing so, preventing the program from launching. Windows 3.x allocated fixed segments in conventional memory first. Since
Windows_95
Type of computer memory
with registered memory, conventional memory is usually referred to as unbuffered memory or unregistered memory. When registered memory is manufactured
Registered_memory
MSDOS-like operating system
a chunk of memory at the start of the memory map in order for programs to load above this barrier (but with less usable conventional memory then). By default
DR-DOS
Physical memory region on IBM PC compatibles
loads the fundamental memory managers into conventional memory, and thereafter everything else into the UMA. Conventional memory glutton programs such
Upper_memory_area
Techniques employed to give access to more than 640 kibibytes
physical memory in a machine could be organized as a combination of base or conventional memory (including lower memory), upper memory, high memory (not the
DOS_memory_management
System of bank switching in DOS memory management
DOS memory management, expanded memory is a system of bank switching that provided additional memory to DOS programs beyond the limit of conventional memory
Expanded_memory
1992 Microsoft operating system version
introduction of the Windows Registry and add-ons, and it could utilize more memory than its predecessors. Microsoft also released special versions of Windows
Windows_3.1
RAM area of an IBM AT or compatible computer
their /MH option), thereby freeing up even more conventional memory and upper memory for conventional DOS software to work with. TASKMAX seems to have
High_memory_area
Type of computer memory
type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) designed to use less power than conventional memory. It is commonly used in smartphones, tablet
LPDDR
Software program expanding DOS memory
allows DOS programs to eliminate the 640 KB conventional memory limit by addressing up to 64 MB of extended memory on Intel 80386 and above machines. Functioning
DOS/4G
MS-DOS disk caching program
in conventional memory (the first 640 kilobytes of memory which is critical to MS-DOS) by running in upper memory area (the 384 kilobytes of memory located
SmartDrive
Memory manager produced by Quarterdeck Office Systems
Unreal mode Protected mode Conventional memory Extended memory (XMS) Expanded memory (EMS) High Memory Area (HMA) Upper Memory Block (UMB) DOS Protected
QEMM
Memory segmentation on Intel x86
region of memory was known as the High Memory Area (HMA), and later versions of DOS could use it to increase the available "conventional" memory (i.e. within
X86_memory_segmentation
COM that is used to load a program into the upper memory area (UMA) instead of conventional memory. The command was introduced with MS-DOS 5.0 / PC DOS
LOADHIGH
chronology that places Narmer's accession c. 3389 BC. She disregards conventional chronology and, especially for the later dynasties, relies heavily on
List_of_pharaohs
1990 Microsoft operating system version
memory. Since some PCs (notably Compaqs) did not place extended memory (XMS) at the 1MB line and instead left a hole between the end of conventional memory
Windows_3.0
Semiconductor memory supply crisis
global computer memory supply shortage started in 2024 due to supply constraints and rapid price escalation in the semiconductor memory market, particularly
2024–present global memory supply shortage
2024–present_global_memory_supply_shortage
Network protocol
memory footprint of the IPX driver, which was vital for DOS and Windows up to Windows 95 due to the limited size at that time of conventional memory.
Internetwork_Packet_Exchange
Set of extended DOS memory management services
extended memory and freeing up conventional memory, DPMS not only allows very large drivers to load and take advantage of the available memory, but also
DOS_Protected_Mode_Services
Processing data technology
bitwise operations on two rows) to conventional memory modules (e.g., DIMM modules); or Adding processing capability to memory controllers so that the data
In-memory_processing
Form of computer data storage
Random-access memory (RAM; /ræm/) is a form of electronic computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data
Random-access_memory
Computer memory access architecture
study shows that a conventional memory interleaving method would propagate address-mapping conflicts at a cache level to the memory address space, causing
Interleaved_memory
DOS device driver
load the DOS kernel code into the High Memory Area (HMA) to increase the amount of available conventional memory by specifying DOS=HIGH in CONFIG.SYS.
HIMEM.SYS
Memory addressing limitation in 32-bit computers
similar to the memory limits of the early 8088 IBM PC memory architecture (see Conventional memory). Similar situations have often arisen in the history
PCI_hole
Computer program that returns control to a non-multitasking OS without exiting
programs in DOS must be loaded into the first 640 KB of RAM (the conventional memory), even on computers with large amounts of physical RAM. TSRs are
Terminate-and-stay-resident program
Terminate-and-stay-resident_program
external program MemMaker which was used to free system memory (especially Conventional memory) by automatically reconfiguring the AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG
List_of_DOS_commands
Computing concept
pioneered the field of static dataflow architectures. Designs that use conventional memory addresses as data dependency tags are called static dataflow machines
Dataflow
Section of computer memory in PC compatibles
system kernel, which takes care of memory management and copying memory between conventional and extended memory, by temporarily switching the processor
Extended_memory
Text editor in MS-DOS and Windows 9x
version is limited to files smaller than 300 kB, depending on how much conventional memory is free. The FreeDOS version was developed by Shaun Raven and is
MS-DOS_Editor
2013 video game
support claims that memory training helps people improve cognitive functioning. However, Neuroracer differs from conventional "memory training" apps, in
NeuroRacer
Electronic non-volatile computer storage device
advantage of a charge trapping layer to replace the conventional floating gate used in conventional flash memory designs. In 2000, an Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
Flash_memory
Component primarily utilized for making cushions or mattresses
range at which memory foam retains its properties is limited. If it is too cold, it hardens. If it is too hot, it acts like conventional foams, quickly
Memory_foam
286 and higher processors, thereby leaving only a 7 KB stub in conventional or upper memory (in comparison to MSCDEX, which occupies some 16 KB). Using EMS
MSCDEX
General-purpose programming language
Rust enforces memory safety (i.e., that all references point to valid memory) without a conventional garbage collector; instead, memory safety errors
Rust_(programming_language)
Alloy which returns to a preset shape when heated
of a coil spring. Parts made of shape-memory alloys can be lightweight, solid-state alternatives to conventional actuators such as hydraulic, pneumatic
Shape-memory_alloy
2003 film by Bong Joon Ho
Memories of Murder (Korean: 살인의 추억) is a 2003 South Korean neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Bong Joon Ho, from a screenplay by Bong and Shim Sung-bo
Memories_of_Murder
Operating mode of all x86-compatible CPUs
mode Protected Mode Boot loader 80386 IA-32 x86 assembly language Conventional memory "x86 CPU Reference (Archived at 8 September 2018 - Instead of 'A
Real_mode
File manager
execute, while those in the background would be suspended, with their conventional memory state saved to a temporary swap file on the disk. The user could
DOS_Shell
PC sound card
require terminate-and-stay-resident programs (TSRs), minimizing its conventional memory footprint. The card loaded its own operating system into the onboard
Ensoniq_Soundscape_S-2000
Type of low-level computer architecture
envisioned for full dataflow machines.[citation needed] Designs that use conventional memory addresses as data dependency tags are called static dataflow machines
Dataflow_architecture
Process performed by firmware or software routines
This is why the motherboard BIOS ROM is in segment F000 in the conventional memory map. During the POST flow of a contemporary BIOS, one of the first
Power-on_self-test
Type of computer memory
random-access memory (dynamic RAM or DRAM) is a type of random-access semiconductor memory that stores each bit of data in a memory cell. A DRAM memory cell usually
Dynamic_random-access_memory
Obsolete type of non-volatile computer memory
a conventional magnetic pickup, and then rewritten on the far edge to keep the memory cycling through the material. In operation, bubble memories are
Bubble_memory
Maximum amount of RAM accessible by a computer
some third-party utilities could add memory at the top of the 640k conventional memory area, to extend memory up to the base address used by hardware
RAM_limit
Virtual reality headset, 1995
later 500 KB free hard-drive space for drivers and utilities 20 KB conventional memory for drivers Optional: stereo sound card "Forte VFX1". VRWiki. Archived
VFX1_Headgear
since the RPL code resides in unallocated memory (typically at the top of the available conventional memory). The RPL code hides and thereby protects
Remote_Initial_Program_Load
Events in the history of 16-bit x86 DOS-family disk operating systems
p. 29. Riley, Wallace B. (1973-08-02). "Special report: Semiconductor memories are taking over data-storage applications". Electronics. p. 75. Manes &
Timeline of DOS operating systems
Timeline_of_DOS_operating_systems
Large amount of random-access memory
big-memory systems depends on how the central processing units (CPUs) access the memory, via a conventional memory controller or via non-uniform memory access
Big_memory
Type of computer memory
Magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) is a type of non-volatile random-access memory which stores data in magnetic domains. Developed in the mid-1980s
Magnetoresistive_RAM
IDE for the BASIC programming language
time. After version 0.63, QB64 was able to compile itself so the conventional memory limitations no longer applied. Regarding the impetus for QB64, Galleon
QB64
1981 American microcomputer model
variant further, for a total of 640 KB conventional memory, and possibly several megabytes of expanded memory beyond that, though on PC/XT-class machines
IBM_Personal_Computer
MIDI interface device
card in DOS. This application is not a TSR (it does not take up conventional memory). S-MPU-IIAT (Super MPU II): for the IBM or compatible Plug and Play
MPU-401
Novel computer memory type
area of about 140 F2. Racetrack memory is one among several emerging technologies that aim to replace conventional memories such as DRAM and Flash, and potentially
Racetrack_memory
command in PTS-DOS where it keeps a resident part, sometimes in conventional memory. Since most current history commands are shell built-ins, details
History_(command)
The relationship between autism and memory, specifically memory functions in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is an ongoing topic of research
Autism_and_memory
Sound card for PCs
disabled on many clone boards), and it used a lot of precious DOS conventional memory. Also, if a game used DOS 32-bit protected mode through a non-DPMI
Sound_Blaster_AWE32
Disk compression utility
the Upper Memory Area – also permitted the use of Extended Memory for some of its buffers (reducing the driver's total footprint in conventional and upper
DriveSpace
PC software products
copies. Most out-of-memory errors in Windows 3.x were caused by the first megabyte of memory in a computer, the conventional memory, becoming full. Windows
SoftRAM
2D animation software
from that time, Animator was not restricted by the 640 kilobyte conventional memory limitation as it utilized a DOS extender by Phar Lap. Animator's
Autodesk_Animator
Microcontroller for automotive engine control unit
pins to reduce I/O pin count in favor of using the pins for a more conventional memory interface bus. The 8061 and its derivatives were used in almost all
Intel_8061
Conventional Commits Specification (CCS) is the specification formalizing the categorization of commits in version control systems. This classification
Conventional Commits Specification
Conventional_Commits_Specification
Concept developed by neuroscientist Antonio Damasio
predecessors, and, unlike them, requires a vast use of conventional memory. Therefore, an injury to a person's memory center can cause damage to their extended consciousness
Damasio's theory of consciousness
Damasio's_theory_of_consciousness
Discontinued Intel microprocessor architecture
programming, garbage collection and multitasking as well as more conventional memory management directly in hardware and microcode. Direct support for
Intel_iAPX_432
Storage of digital data readable by computers
Generally, the faster and volatile storage components are referred to as "memory", while slower persistent components are referred to as "storage". This
Computer_data_storage
Video game for a personal computer
much more memory than other software, often consuming all of conventional memory, while device drivers could go into upper memory with DOS memory managers
PC_game
Command line interpreter
Internal variables and variable functions A memory swapping mechanism that yielded more free conventional memory An interactive debugger for batch files Support
4DOS
Indian manufacturer and supplier of polyurethane foam mattresses
Technology, which improves pressure relief and body support compared to conventional memory foam. The company introduced the Sleepwell Tarang Mattress, designed
Sheela_Foam_Limited
Low level firmware interface to the hardware
to probe and initialize hardware during booting. Real mode has the 1MB memory limitation, modern boot loaders (e.g. GRUB2, Windows Boot Manager) use the
BIOS_interrupt_call
1980s MS-DOS software
designed to work completely in the standard 640k of conventional memory, supplemented by any expanded memory. Similar and competitive packages included SmartWare
Lotus_Symphony_(MS-DOS)
Series of Microsoft operating systems
drivers can limit performance and stability due to their use of conventional memory and need to run in real mode which requires the CPU to switch in
Windows_9x
Series of pioneering microprocessors from the 1980s
behaved as a stack. In addition a workspace pointer pointed to a conventional memory stack, easily accessible via the instructions Load Local and Store
Transputer
IBM PC compatible home computer system
RAM (expandable to 768 KB to provide 128 KB for video and 640 KB conventional memory), a DB-25 unidirectional parallel port instead of the edge-connector
Tandy_1000
Firmware for hardware initialization and OS runtime services
DRAM refresh for all system DRAM in conventional memory and extended memory, but not necessarily expanded memory, has been set up and is running. The
BIOS
Type of computer memory
Content-addressable memory (CAM) is a special type of computer memory used in certain very-high-speed searching applications. It is also known as associative memory or
Content-addressable_memory
of the HfO 2 during write, creating a hybrid conventional and ferroelectric device that widened the memory window to an acceptable 10.5 volts. Ferroelectrics
Ferroelectric_flash_memory
Data storage device
flash memory control microprocessor so it can also serve as a music playback decoder. Most of these players can also be used as a conventional flash drive
USB_flash_drive
serial interface between the memory controller and the advanced memory buffer (AMB). Conventionally, data lines from the memory controller have to be connected
Fully_Buffered_DIMM
Pseudo-static random-access memory technology introduced by MoSys Inc.
random-access memory (SRAM) in embedded memory applications. Mosys uses a single-transistor storage cell (bit cell) like dynamic random-access memory (DRAM)
1T-SRAM
Text mode multitasking operating environment
80286-based PC. It can also use expanded memory add-ons to work around the 640 KB RAM limit of conventional memory on early PCs. DESQview really came into
DESQview
Z80-based microcomputer
with 64 KB of conventional RAM and 16 KB of additional RAM, the latter programmable as either disk-cache memory, as conventional memory (as the zero page
Stratos_(computer)
Type of computing error
Usually, only one cell of a memory is affected, although high energy events can cause a multi-cell upset. Conventional memory layout usually places one
Soft_error
Movie-making interactive program
Lab. CNET said "Nickelodeon Director's Lab needs a good deal of conventional memory, which may not be available on your PC. But your kids won't be thinking
Nickelodeon_Director's_Lab
Israeli fast charging battery developer
storage device was made in 2012 that is "three times faster than conventional memory." The company's CEO said the display technology is 20% more power-efficient
StoreDot
Overview of and topical guide to computers
Flash Memory Interface Comparison of memory cards Computing with Memory Content-addressable memory Conventional memory Core rope memory DOS memory management
Outline_of_computers
Series of laptops by Compaq
evaluated it as the fastest-performing 386-class notebook in terms of conventional memory writes, file access in MS-DOS, and DOS API–initiated disk seeks;
Compaq_LTE_(1st_generation)
Device driver in MS-DOS
terminate-and-stay-resident programs to be "loaded high", preserving conventional memory. The technique probably first appeared with the development of CEMM
EMM386
Text editing software
content in conventional memory, but to support larger files, later versions supported various DOS memory management features including expanded memory (EMS)
The_SemWare_Editor
Set of freeware system utilities for Windows
Windows logo key while games were running; Conventional Memory Tracker to track and break down the amount of memory being allocated by virtual device drivers;
Microsoft_PowerToys
High-speed internal memory for storage
viewed from one processor as the shared L2 cache in a conventional chip. The tradeoff is that of memory wasted in buffering and programming complexity for
Scratchpad_memory
accessible), and had 256 kB of main memory. The main memory could be expanded to 640 kB -- the limit of conventional memory at the time. PCs in the first production
EC_1834
Conventional memory: term coined when MS-DOS and other operating systems for the IBM PC and other IBM-like x86 machines went over the 640k memory limit
List_of_retronyms
Computer operating system
the use of the High Memory Area (HMA) and Upper Memory Blocks (UMBs) on 80286 and later systems to reduce its conventional memory usage. Also all DOS
IBM_PC_DOS
Technique to increase usable memory
which DOS runs. XMS allows extended memory to be copied anywhere in conventional memory, so the boundaries of the "banks" are not fixed, but in every other
Bank_switching
Type of computer memory used from 1955 to 1975
magnetic-core memory is a form of random-access memory. It predominated for roughly 20 years between 1955 and 1975, and is often just called core memory, or, informally
Magnetic-core_memory
Command that makes a copy of a diskette
more time to copy. >diskcopy a: /V Force diskcopy to use only the conventional memory for temporary storage: >diskcopy a: /M Diskcopy does not work with
Diskcopy
Semiconductor memory technology
flash memory technology named NROM that took advantage of a charge trapping layer to replace the floating gate used in conventional flash memory designs
Charge_trap_flash
Type of computer memory
use conventional RAM devices and a battery backup. For example, IBM PC's and successors beginning with the IBM PC AT used nonvolatile BIOS memory, often
Non-volatile random-access memory
Non-volatile_random-access_memory
Novel type of computer memory
Ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM, F-RAM or FRAM) is a random-access memory similar in construction to DRAM but using a ferroelectric layer instead of a dielectric
Ferroelectric_RAM
CONVENTIONAL MEMORY
CONVENTIONAL MEMORY
Girl/Female
Tamil
The Moon, Thought, Prayer, Mind, Decision, Respect, Will decision, Intelligence, Memory
Girl/Female
Tamil
Conventional, Stylized & constellation
Girl/Female
Tamil
Memory
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the vocabulary word maverick, originally MAVERICK means "unbranded range animal." This was the surname of Samuel Maverick (1803-1870), a Texas cattleman who refused to brand his cattle. Its use as a personal name first began in the early 1990s after the release of the movie "Maverick" starring Mel Gibson. The sense of "unconventional person," is first recorded in 1886, and seems to have developed from the notion of being "independent, masterless."
Girl/Female
Tamil
Method, Wealth, Protection, Conduct, Auspiciousness, Memory, Well being
Girl/Female
Tamil
Method, Wealth, Protection, Conduct, Auspiciousness, Memory, Well being
Boy/Male
Muslim
Memory of the tribe
Girl/Female
Muslim
Memory
Girl/Female
Tamil
Meeting, Remembrance, Memory, Wisdom
Boy/Male
Indian
Memory of the tribe
Girl/Female
Tamil
Samriti | ஸமà¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯€Â
Meeting, Remembrance, Memory, Wisdom
Samriti | ஸமà¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯€Â
Girl/Female
Hindu
Conventional, Stylized & constellation
Girl/Female
Tamil
Smrithi | ஸà¯à®®à¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯€
Meeting, Remembrance, Memory, Wisdom
Smrithi | ஸà¯à®®à¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯€
Girl/Female
Tamil
Samrithi | ஸமà¯à®°à®¿à®¤à®¿
Meeting, Remembrance, Memory, Wisdom
Samrithi | ஸமà¯à®°à®¿à®¤à®¿
Girl/Female
Tamil
Memory
Boy/Male
Tamil
The Moon, Thought, Prayer, Mind, Decision, Respect, Will decision, Intelligence, Memory
Girl/Female
Tamil
Born in the month of Chaitra, Blessed with a good memory
Girl/Female
Hindu
The Moon, Thought, Prayer, Mind, Decision, Respect, Will decision, Intelligence, Memory
Girl/Female
Indian
Born in the month of Chaitra, Blessed with a good memory
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English flo(u)r ‘flower’, ‘blossom’ (Old French flur, from Latin flos, genitive floris). This was a conventional term of endearment in medieval romantic poetry, and as early as the 13th century it is also regularly found as a female personal name.English : metonymic occupational name for a miller or flour merchant, or perhaps a nickname for a pasty-faced person, from Middle English flo(u)r ‘flour’. This is in origin the same word as in 1, with the transferred sense ‘flower, pick of the meal’. Although the two words are now felt to be accidental homophones, they were not distinguished in spelling before the 18th century.English : occupational name for an arrowsmith, from an agent derivative of Middle English flŠ‘arrow’ (Old English flÄ).Welsh : Anglicized form of the Welsh personal name Llywarch, of unexplained origin.Translation of French Lafleur.
CONVENTIONAL MEMORY
CONVENTIONAL MEMORY
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old French hachet ‘small axe’, ‘hatchet’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a maker or user of such implements, or perhaps a nickname of anecdotal origin.
Girl/Female
English American
Feminine of Lyle: from the island.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Punjabi, Sikh
Contented Soul; Bringing Peace
Biblical
passage; revolution; heap
Girl/Female
Indian
Heart
Female
Turkish
Turkish name ELMAS means "diamond."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sambhurish | ஸமà¯à®ªà¯à®°à¯€à®·
Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Parsi
Zoroaster
Boy/Male
Arabic
Tiger
Male
Spanish
Spanish form of Latin Gervasius, GERVASI means "spear servant."
CONVENTIONAL MEMORY
CONVENTIONAL MEMORY
CONVENTIONAL MEMORY
CONVENTIONAL MEMORY
CONVENTIONAL MEMORY
a.
Pertaining to conception.
n.
Compliance with formal or conventional rules; ceremony; conventionality.
v. i.
An agreement or contract less formal than, or preliminary to, a treaty; an informal compact, as between commanders of armies in respect to suspension of hostilities, or between states; also, a formal agreement between governments or sovereign powers; as, a postal convention between two governments.
n.
An established order; conventional rule of procedure; usual method; habitual mode.
n.
The state of being conventional.
a.
Growing out of, or depending on, custom or tacit agreement; sanctioned by general concurrence or usage; formal.
a.
Acting under contract; settled by express agreement; as, conventionary tenants.
a.
Abstracted; removed from close representation of nature by the deliberate selection of what is to be represented and what is to be rejected; as, a conventional flower; a conventional shell. Cf. Conventionalize, v. t.
v. t.
To make conventional; to bring under the influence of, or cause to conform to, conventional rules; to establish by usage.
n.
A convention not formally ratified.
a.
Approved; conventional.
n.
The act of making conventional.
a.
Dependent in form; conventional.
a.
Of or from, or pertaining to, a convent.
n.
One who belongs to a convention or assembly.
adv.
In a conventional manner.
n.
The state of being conventional; adherence to social formalities or usages; that which is established by conventional use; one of the customary usages of social life.
v. i.
To pass compliments; to use conventional expressions of respect.
a.
Formed by agreement or compact; stipulated.
a.
Based upon tradition, whether religious and historical or of artistic rules.