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This is a timeline of the public releases or introductions of computer encryption algorithms. Horst Feistel. Block Cipher Cryptographic System, US Patent
Encryption_by_date
Process of converting plaintext to ciphertext
In cryptography, encryption (more specifically, encoding) is the process of transforming information in a way that, ideally, only authorized parties can
Encryption
Cryptographic system with public and private keys
Diffie–Hellman key exchange, public-key key encapsulation, and public-key encryption. Public key algorithms are fundamental security primitives in modern cryptosystems
Public-key_cryptography
what might be called classical cryptography — that is, of methods of encryption that use pen and paper, or perhaps simple mechanical aids. In the early
History_of_cryptography
Algorithm for public-key cryptography
is used in digital signature such as RSASSA-PSS or RSA-FDH, public-key encryption of very short messages (almost always a single-use symmetric key in a
RSA_cryptosystem
Secure communications method
End-to-end encryption (E2EE) is a method of implementing a secure communication system where only the sender and intended recipient can read the messages
End-to-end_encryption
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
synonymous with encryption, converting readable information (plaintext) to unintelligible nonsense text (ciphertext), which can only be read by reversing the
Cryptography
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
The Data Encryption Standard (DES /ˌdiːˌiːˈɛs, dɛz/) is a symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of digital data. Although its short key length of
Data_Encryption_Standard
Surveillance strategy
optical layer encryption or photonic shielding). Unlike algorithmic encryption, this method modifies the optical waveform itself—often by burying the signal
Harvest_now,_decrypt_later
Network protocol used by the Web
need for encryption and their providers have no desire to spend additional resources on it. Encryption proponents have stated that this encryption overhead
HTTP/2
Data and software company in Germany
but is not the first manufacturer in the industry to do so. E-mail encryption to date has been limited to passing within Microsoft programs only. In 2017
DATEV
Cryptography algorithm
confidentiality or authenticity. A block cipher by itself is only suitable for the secure cryptographic transformation (encryption or decryption) of one fixed-length
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Simple and widely known encryption technique
widely known encryption techniques used in cryptography. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter
Caesar_cipher
Block cipher
In cryptography, Triple DES (3DES or TDES), officially the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA or Triple DEA), is a symmetric-key block cipher, which
Triple_DES
2015–2016 public relations and legal dispute
public access to strong encryption. In 2015 and 2016, Apple Inc. received and objected to or challenged at least 11 orders issued by United States district
Apple–FBI_encryption_dispute
Family of archive file formats
some features such as BZIP2 compression, strong encryption specification and others were published by PKWARE a few years after their creation. The URL
ZIP_(file_format)
Data encryption technique
Protocol encryption (PE), message stream encryption (MSE) or protocol header encrypt (PHE) are related features of some peer-to-peer file-sharing clients
BitTorrent protocol encryption
BitTorrent_protocol_encryption
Algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a
Cipher
Database encryption method
column level encryption is different from other encryption methods like file level encryption, disk encryption, and database encryption, a basic understanding
Column_level_encryption
Type of public-key encryption
Identity-based encryption (IBE), is an important primitive of identity-based cryptography. As such it is a type of public-key encryption in which the public
Identity-based_encryption
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
authenticated encryption ciphers, used mainly for Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and CCM mode of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption. TLS Extensions
Transport_Layer_Security
Messaging and VoIP service owned by Meta
announced a partnership with WhatsApp to provide end-to-end encryption by incorporating the encryption protocol used in Signal into each WhatsApp client platform
Free and open-source end-to-end encrypted email software and host
cryptography features through its protocol, TutaCrypt, replacing standard encryption methods like RSA-2048 and AES-256 for accounts created after March 2024
Tuta_(email)
Block cipher
designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier and included in many cipher suites and encryption products. Blowfish provides a good encryption rate in software,
Blowfish_(cipher)
Malicious software used in ransom demands
implementation mistakes, leaked cryptographic keys or a complete lack of encryption in the ransomware. Ransomware attacks are typically carried out using
Ransomware
Discontinued source-available disk encryption utility
a discontinued source-available freeware utility used for on-the-fly encryption (OTFE). It can create a virtual encrypted disk within a file, encrypt
TrueCrypt
Discrete, discontinuous representation of information
stored. Data encryption keys should be updated on a regular basis. Encryption keys should be stored separately from the data. Encryption also enables
Digital_data
Deleting data by deleting encryption keys
data unusable by deliberately deleting or overwriting the encryption keys: assuming the key is not later recovered and the encryption is not broken,
Crypto-shredding
Swiss technology company
company would never build an encryption backdoor, and that it wouldn't open a "front door" either by removing end-to-end encryption. In March 2025, the company
Proton_AG
Generalisation of public-key encryption
Attribute-based encryption is a generalisation of public-key encryption which enables fine grained access control of encrypted data using authorisation
Attribute-based_encryption
Smartphone and desktop app for journaling
date, time, and other automatic metadata; quick entry menu bar (Mac only); and reminders. On June 12, 2017, Bloom Built added end-to-end encryption to
Day_One_(app)
Cloud computing and storage service from Apple
plans include iCloud+ providing additional features. Optional end-to-end encryption has been available since 2022 for all iCloud data, except Calendar, Contacts
ICloud
Internet protocol used for relaying e-mails
submission from authenticated clients), both with or without encryption, and 465 with encryption for submission. Various forms of one-to-one electronic messaging
Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol
Type of computer security breach
ability to provide disk encryption for Androids. In 2007, former U.S. Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez was allegedly targeted by an evil maid attack during
Evil_maid_attack
Email service and collaboration suite
beta, the founders released a public whitepaper explaining how Skiff's encryption works. Skiff had its public launch out of beta in November 2021. A difference
Skiff_(email_service)
Privacy-focused encrypted messaging app
now secures all communications with end-to-end encryption. The client software includes mechanisms by which users can independently verify their contacts'
Signal_(software)
Simple type of polyalphabetic encryption system
are removed prior to encryption and reintroduced afterwards. In this example the tenth letter of the plaintext t is shifted by 14 positions (because
Vigenère_cipher
Proposed web cryptography standard
Internet standard for creating data with optional signature and/or optional encryption whose payload holds JSON that asserts some number of claims. The tokens
JSON_Web_Token
Block cipher
— an algorithm for encryption — developed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA). Initially a classified encryption algorithm, it was developed
Skipjack_(cipher)
Cryptographic problem
if the encryption scheme is commutative, it will not matter who decrypts first. An algorithm for shuffling cards using commutative encryption would be
Mental_poker
Mobile communication protocol based on mobile service
Phone Link. Google Messages was the first client to offer end-to-end encryption (E2EE) over RCS. E2EE using Messaging Layer Security (MLS) was added to
Rich_Communication_Services
Hiding messages in other messages
interest and may in themselves be incriminating in countries in which encryption is illegal. Whereas cryptography is the practice of protecting the contents
Steganography
Social media platform owned by Meta
end-to-end encryption in Instagram direct messaging in May 2026. Following this change, messages are no longer protected by end-to-end encryption and are
Cross-platform instant messaging service
Linux, Wear OS, watchOS and web browsers. Telegram offers end-to-end encryption in voice and video calls, and optionally in private chats if both participants
Telegram_(software)
Email service provided by Google
updates—November 2020". Google Cloud Blog. Retrieved September 14, 2022. "Email encryption in transit". Google Transparency Report. Archived from the original on
Gmail
U.S. signals intelligence organization
transparent process for replacing the outdated Data Encryption Standard (DES) by an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Cybersecurity policy expert Susan
National_Security_Agency
Projected date when quantum computers could break modern encryption
refers to the theoretical date when quantum computers have reached the point where they can break the asymmetric encryption that secures the vast majority
Quantum_Threat
Technique for anonymous communication over a computer network
network. In an onion network, messages are encapsulated in layers of encryption, analogous to the layers of an onion. The encrypted data is transmitted
Onion_routing
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
China since May 2015. This was done after Wikipedia started to use HTTPS encryption, which made selective censorship more difficult. In 2017–18, after a barrage
Wikipedia
German cipher machine during World War II
gamma rotors used in the M4 naval variant. By itself, a rotor performs only a very simple type of encryption, a simple substitution cipher. For example
Enigma_machine
Anonymous communicating between two entities
secure communications. Encryption is a method in which data is rendered hard to read by an unauthorized party. Since encryption methods are created to
Secure_communication
Form of computer communication over the internet or locally
group. Privacy can also be enhanced in several ways, such as end-to-end encryption by default. Public and group chat features allow users to communicate with
Instant_messaging
American social media and messaging app
incorporated limited use of end-to-end encryption, with intention to expand its use in the future. Snapchat was created by Evan Spiegel, Bobby Murphy, and Reggie
Snapchat
Improved version of the vi text editor
but later, the expansion was changed to "Vi IMproved" because, as described by the author, the functionality had increased beyond that of a clone of vi.
Vim_(text_editor)
Set of cryptographic hash functions
trivial. Reversing password encryption (e.g., to obtain a password to try against a user's account elsewhere) is not made possible by the attacks. (However
SHA-2
Computing company founded in 2014
artificial intelligence. The company also offers quantum-computing-hardened encryption keys designed to protect data assets and enhance cryptographic defenses
Quantinuum
Former end-to-end encryption application
replaced by Peerio 2 on 15 June 2017. The app is discontinued. Messages and user files stored on the Peerio cloud were protected by end-to-end encryption, meaning
Peerio
Free and open source project building an anonymous network
communication. Anonymous connections are achieved by encrypting the user's traffic (by using end-to-end encryption), and sending it through a volunteer-run network
I2P
Cable/satellite TV scrambling/descrambling brand
second version of Videocipher, Videocipher II, was the primary encryption scheme used by major cable TV programmers to prevent TVRO owners from receiving
Videocipher
American cipher machine
used by the United States for message encryption from World War II until the 1950s. The machine was also known as the SIGABA or Converter M-134 by the
SIGABA
Data item stored in a browser by a website
transmitted over HTTPS connections, and the HTTPS protocol dictates end-to-end encryption (i.e. the information is encrypted on the user's browser and decrypted
HTTP_cookie
Digital asset using a distributed ledger
creating the transaction broadcasts details of the transaction using encryption to other nodes throughout the node network so that the transaction (and
Cryptocurrency
Instant messaging app by Meta Platforms
standalone apps support using multiple accounts, conversations with end-to-end encryption, and playing games. There are also group chats where you can connect with
Facebook_Messenger
Type of functions designed for being unsolvable by root-finding algorithms
typically uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). AES-CTR_DRBG is often used as a random number generator in systems that use AES encryption. The NIST CTR_DRBG
Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator
Type of transposition cipher
of transposition cipher. It derives its name from the manner in which encryption is performed, in analogy to a fence built with horizontal rails. In the
Rail_fence_cipher
Rotor encryption machine
non-reciprocal rotor encryption machine. The KL-7 had rotors to encrypt the text, most of which moved in a complex pattern, controlled by notched rings. The
KL-7
2021 software security vulnerability
encryption for MS-NRPC calls by default, with the ability to allow certain devices to handle legacy support. In 2020, Zerologon started to be used by
Zerologon
Cyber security in power management systems
edition was published 06/2023, replacing edition 1.2. TLS Encryption Node Authentication by means of X.509 certificates Message Authentication IEC 62351-4
IEC_62351
Comic book
brother Harvey communicate via the packages they send through an encryption system dating back to ancient Greece, a scytale or Plutarch's staff. Brandon
Plutarch's_Staff
File format used to present documents
and various other data formats. The PDF specification also provides for encryption and digital signatures, file attachments, and metadata to enable workflows
Use of digital attacks against a state
infrastructures, encryption and other cyberdefenses. The topics of cyber peacekeeping and cyber peacemaking have also been studied by researchers, as a
Cyberwarfare
UK law to regulate online content
notices requiring the breaking of end-to-end encryption technology. The Online Safety Act 2023 was amended by the Children's Wellbeing and Schools Act 2026
Online_Safety_Act_2023
Cloud-based spreadsheet software
the lack of end-to-end encryption, despite all Google data, including Sheets, using AES-256 encryption. A data study conducted by students at Cardiff University
Google_Sheets
Vietnamese instant messaging and social media service
and support each other. In May 2022, Zalo added experimental end-to-end encryption that utilizes the Signal protocol. As of version 25.01.01, this feature
Zalo
Method of exchanging digital messages
They already include the encryption key, so using an iMail destination is not harder than using standard email with gpg encryption. The destination is two
IMail
American multinational software company
salted them. Another security firm, Sophos, showed that Adobe used a weak encryption method permitting the recovery of a lot of information with very little
Adobe_Inc.
Complex Soviet pencil and paper cipher
The secret key for the encryption is the following: A short Phrase (e.g. the first line of a song, at least 20 letters long) A Date (written numerically
VIC_cipher
Social networking service owned by Meta Platforms
cited was the storage of password as plain text instead of encryption which could be read by its employees. On December 19, 2019, security researcher Bob
American multinational technology company
October 2021, Microsoft announced that it began rolling out end-to-end encryption (E2EE) support for Microsoft Teams calls in order to secure business communication
Microsoft
American annual film and music festival
outdated networks, helping balance security and privacy, and the FBI–Apple encryption dispute. Films that premiered at SXSW Film include Everybody Wants Some
South_by_Southwest
Meta Platforms social networking service
photos, videos, and voice notes, it notably launched without end-to-end encryption (E2EE), drawing criticism regarding its privacy compared to other Meta-owned
Threads_(social_network)
Pornographic video sharing website
xHamster became one of the first major adult sites to incorporate HTTPS encryption. HTTPS allows for privacy, malware protection, and the integrity of information
XHamster
Australian cryptography policy review
concluded: "while Australian agencies all report that encryption has not been a problem to date, it is likely to become one in the future." The Walsh
Walsh_Report_(cryptography)
Retired telecommunications software service/application
stating "highly secure with end-to-end encryption". Security services were invisible to the user, and encryption could not be disabled. Skype claimed to
Skype
Early block substitution cipher
a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution cipher. The scheme was invented in 1854 by Charles Wheatstone,
Playfair_cipher
U.S. government cryptographic standard
to update the FIPS 140 standard date back to the early 2000s. The FIPS 140-3 (2013 Draft) was scheduled for signature by the Secretary of Commerce in August
FIPS_140-3
Framework for cryptographic protocols
have used implementations of the Noise Framework to ensure end-to-end encryption for user communications. The framework remains a topic of development
Noise_Protocol_Framework
Multiple-substitution writing system cipher
ISBN 978-0-521-00890-7 Gaines, Helen Fouché (1939), Cryptanalysis, Dover, ISBN 0-486-20097-3 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Topics in cryptography
Polyalphabetic_cipher
Short-range wireless technology standard
using a single encryption key longer than this time allows simple XOR attacks to retrieve the encryption key. Turning off encryption is required for
Bluetooth
London-based consumer electronics manufacturer
faced backlash over a messaging app that claimed to offer end-to-end encryption but was discovered to store messages in plain text. The app was withdrawn
Nothing_(company)
Marvel Comics superhero
fairly comprehensive database of any computer's cybernetic protocols and encryption algorithms. Several alternate universe versions of Mister Fantastic have
Mister_Fantastic
2026 video game
Suffers Disastrous Leak as Steam Preload Files Are Made Available Without Encryption". IGN. Retrieved 11 May 2026. Warren, Tom (11 May 2026). "Forza Horizon
Forza_Horizon_6
Danish freeware PDF printer
with AES encryption listed as a benefit, subject to some decision constraints such as keeping up-to-date, and banning the use of FTP, unapproved by the VA
Bullzip_PDF_Printer
American actress (1985–2025)
"John Oliver Made a Brutally Honest Apple Commercial to Explain Its Encryption Battle With the FBI". Slate. Archived from the original on June 5, 2019
Michelle_Trachtenberg
English cryptanalyst (1917–1996)
Mikael Byström, Thesis Supervisor, Torkel Jansson, Seminar leader, [Seminar date, 4 June 2013]. Uppsala, SWE: Uppsala universitet. Archived (PDF) from the
Joan_Clarke
Encrypted sculpture by American artist Jim Sanborn
encryption. Sanborn also suggested in a 2005 interview that should he die before the entire sculpture is deciphered, he had put in place a method by which
Kryptos
Cryptographic attack that forces the use of weaker or no encryption
downgrade attacks. Opportunistic encryption protocols such as STARTTLS are generally vulnerable to downgrade attacks, as they, by design, fall back to unencrypted
Downgrade_attack
Activist advocating widespread use of strong cryptography
on public-key cryptography, by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman, and the US government publication of the Data Encryption Standard (DES), a block cipher
Cypherpunk
Pseudonym of the creator of Bitcoin
linking an encryption patent application filed by Neal King, Vladimir Oksman and Charles Bry on 15 August 2008 and the bitcoin white paper by Nakamoto.
Satoshi_Nakamoto
Telephone
one has a more up-to-date key revocation list, it transmits it to the other. While there have been no reports of STU-III encryption being broken, there
STU-III
ENCRYPTION BY-DATE
ENCRYPTION BY-DATE
Girl/Female
Indian
By heart
Boy/Male
Tamil
Omdutt | ஓமà¯à®¤à¯à®¤à¯à®¤Â
Given by God
Omdutt | ஓமà¯à®¤à¯à®¤à¯à®¤Â
Girl/Female
Tamil
Hridhya | ஹà¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯à®¯à®¾
By heart
Hridhya | ஹà¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯à®¯à®¾
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dhanapriya | தநாபà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Loved by wealth
Dhanapriya | தநாபà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Boy/Male
English
Lives by the path by the brook.
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
By Thinking
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dhana Priya | தநாபà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Loved by wealth
Dhana Priya | தநாபà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾
Boy/Male
British, English
Lives by the Path by the Brook
Girl/Female
Hindu
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Modern, Sanskrit, Telugu
Loved by Buddha; Liked by Buddha
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Blessed by God; Forgiven by God
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Dwells by the Path by the Brook
Girl/Female
Tamil
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Trick; Power; Strategy; Solution by Logic; By Reasoning
Boy/Male
Tamil
Munisansutasanstuta | à®®à¯à®¨à¯€à®¸à®‚ஸà¯à®¤à®¾à®¸à®‚ஸà¯à®¤à¯à®¤à®¾
Worshipped by sages
Munisansutasanstuta | à®®à¯à®¨à¯€à®¸à®‚ஸà¯à®¤à®¾à®¸à®‚ஸà¯à®¤à¯à®¤à®¾
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nirved | நிரà¯à®µà¯‡à®¤
Gift by God
Nirved | நிரà¯à®µà¯‡à®¤
Girl/Female
Indian
By consciousness
Girl/Female
Tamil
Chethasaa | சேதாஸா
By consciousness
Chethasaa | சேதாஸா
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Christian, English, Norse
Farm by a Ditch; Town by the Ditch
Girl/Female
Tamil
Trick, Power, Strategy, Solution by logic, By reasoning
ENCRYPTION BY-DATE
ENCRYPTION BY-DATE
ENCRYPTION BY-DATE
ENCRYPTION BY-DATE
ENCRYPTION BY-DATE
ENCRYPTION BY-DATE
ENCRYPTION BY-DATE