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Condorcet efficiency is a measurement of the performance of voting methods. It is defined as the percentage of elections for which the Condorcet winner
Condorcet_efficiency
Pairwise-comparison electoral system
The Condorcet or majority-rule methods (English: /kɒndɔːrˈseɪ/; French: [kɔ̃dɔʁsɛ]) are a family of voting rules that always elect the majority-preferred
Condorcet_method
Self-contradiction of majority rule
theory, Condorcet's voting paradox (also called Condorcet's paradox or the Condorcet paradox) is a fundamental discovery by the Marquis de Condorcet that
Condorcet_paradox
Election result affecting losing candidate
ISSN 0048-5829. Merrill, Samuel (1985). "A statistical model for Condorcet efficiency based on simulation under spatial model assumptions". Public Choice
Spoiler_effect
Single-winner ranked-choice electoral system
of candidates. Merrill, Samuel (1985). "A statistical model for Condorcet efficiency based on simulation under spatial model assumptions". Public Choice
Instant-runoff_voting
that Condorcet and Borda methods achieve the highest expected social utility, while IRV and Plurality perform significantly worse. Condorcet efficiency Comparison
Social_utility_efficiency
Spoiler effect in RCV and two-round systems
impact an election Merrill, Samuel (1985). "A statistical model for Condorcet efficiency based on simulation under spatial model assumptions". Public Choice
Center_squeeze
Voting system
eliminated under Hare. Merrill, Samuel (1985). "A statistical model for Condorcet efficiency based on simulation under spatial model assumptions". Public Choice
Two-round_system
Comparative politics for electoral systems
measured the frequency with which certain non-Condorcet systems elected Condorcet winners. The Marquis de Condorcet viewed elections as analogous to jury votes
Comparison of electoral systems
Comparison_of_electoral_systems
Weakly optimal allocation of resources
addition to the context of efficiency in allocation, the concept of Pareto efficiency also arises in the context of efficiency in production vs. x-inefficiency:
Pareto_efficiency
Proof all ranked voting rules have spoilers
Marquis de Condorcet, whose voting paradox showed the impossibility of logically-consistent majority rule; Arrow's theorem generalizes Condorcet's findings
Arrow's_impossibility_theorem
Set preferred to any other by a majority
The Smith set, sometimes called the top-cycle generalizes the idea of a Condorcet winner to cases where no such winner exists. It does so by allowing cycles
Smith_set
Single-winner electoral system
identify the most popular choices in an election. It is a Condorcet method because if there is a Condorcet winner, it will always be ranked as the most popular
Kemeny_method
Probabilistic Condorcet method
lotteries satisfy a wide range of desirable properties: they elect the Condorcet winner with probability 1 if it exists and never elect candidates outside
Maximal_lotteries
Decision rule that selects alternatives which have a majority
to option B (rank A over B), then A should defeat B unless there is a Condorcet paradox. A common alternative to the majority rule is the plurality-rule
Majority_rule
ex-post efficiency, strong SD-strategyproofness, very-strong-SD-participation, agenda-consistency, and cloning-consistency. It fails Condorcet consistency
Fractional_social_choice
Point-based ranked voting system
Baldwin are majoritarian Condorcet methods because a Condorcet winner always has a higher than average Borda score, and the Condorcet loser always has a lower
Borda_count
Property of electoral systems
All Smith-efficient Condorcet methods pass the mutual majority criterion. Methods which pass mutual majority but fail the Condorcet criterion may nullify
Mutual_majority_criterion
Movement intended to eliminate "waste" in all areas of life
The efficiency movement was a major movement in the United States, Britain and other industrial nations in the early 20th century that sought to identify
Efficiency_movement
Type of electoral system
the majority-preferred winner, and as a result would be elected by any Condorcet method. Candidates are running in a 3-member district of 10 000 voters
Plurality_voting
Function that ranks states of society according to their desirability
Bergson argued that welfare economics had described a standard of economic efficiency despite dispensing with interpersonally-comparable cardinal utility, the
Social_welfare_function
Collective decision-making procedure
such irrational behavior can cause inefficiency in closer elections, the efficiency gains through preference expression are often sufficient to make QV net
Quadratic_voting
Swiss mathematician (1707–1783)
S2CID 247868159. Gautschi 2008, pp. 9–10. Marquis de Condorcet. "Eulogy of Euler – Condorcet". Retrieved 2006-08-30. Calinger 2016, pp. 530–536. Boyer
Leonhard_Euler
Selection of decision-makers by random sample
selected independent legislators in a Parliament can increase the global efficiency of a legislature, in terms of both number of laws passed and average social
Sortition
Theory in matching markets
agents prefer over any other matching. In other words, it is a (weak) Condorcet winner in the elections where the candidates are all possible matchings
Popular_matching
utility of i is the total budget allocated to outcomes he likes. Pareto-efficiency (PE) means no mixture gives a higher utility to one agent and at least
Fractional_approval_voting
improvement of society with remarks on the speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and other writers. New Delhi, India: Global Vision Pub. House. p.39 [1]
Cog's_ladder
Italian polymath (1848–1923)
other major fields of knowledge." He introduced the concept of Pareto efficiency and helped develop the field of microeconomics. He was also the first
Vilfredo_Pareto
Animal cognition
correct conclusion. Some simulations of collective decision-making use the Condorcet method to model the way groups of animals come to consensus. Aggregation
Collective_animal_behavior
Theoretical rule in social choice theory
the only ranked voting rule that satisfies unrestricted domain, Pareto efficiency, and independence of irrelevant alternatives. Similarly, by Gibbard's
Dictatorship_mechanism
{S} \subseteq \mathrm {N} } . Condorcet winner Given a preference ν on the outcome space, an outcome a is a condorcet winner if all non-dummy players
Glossary_of_game_theory
Electoral reform advocacy group
advocates for voting methods including STAR Voting, Approval Voting, and Condorcet voting. The Equal Vote Coalition argues that Choose One Plurality voting
Equal_Vote_Coalition
Decision rule used for minimizing the possible loss for a worst-case scenario
algorithm Computer chess Horizon effect Lesser of two evils principle Minimax Condorcet Minimax regret Monte Carlo tree search Negamax Negascout Sion's minimax
Minimax
Hypothetical event
in AI Magazine, asserts that the 18th-century mathematician Marquis de Condorcet first hypothesized and mathematically modeled an intelligence explosion
Technological_singularity
rights of citizens must know how to read and write". The influence of Condorcet' s writings and the French revolutionary constitutions of 1791, 1793 and
History_of_education_in_Spain
Paradox in social choice
relational database design. The history of the argument also goes deeper, Condorcet's paradox perhaps being the first example of the finite sort. A particular
Liberal_paradox
Overview of Emmanuel Macron's political positions
fronts": "innovation", "simplification", "strengthening of our energy efficiency and [...] reduction of fossil fuel usage", "energy competitiveness" and
Political positions of Emmanuel Macron
Political_positions_of_Emmanuel_Macron
French revolutionary, lawyer and politician (1758–1794)
jails and convents of the city". Marat and Robespierre both disliked Condorcet who proposed that the "enemies of the people" belonged to the whole nation
Maximilien_Robespierre
Multiple-winner electoral system
Ranked-choice (RCV) Party block voting Plurality block voting Condorcet methods Condorcet-IRV Round-robin voting Minimax Kemeny Schulze Ranked pairs Maximal
Sequential proportional approval voting
Sequential_proportional_approval_voting
Austrian economist and philosopher (1899–1992)
Through such a trial and error, a socialist economy could mimic the efficiency of a free market system while avoiding its many problems. Hayek challenged
Friedrich_Hayek
Any ideology based on the premise that advances in technology could bring a utopia
Holocaust, as Theodor Adorno underlined, seemed to shatter the ideal of Condorcet and other thinkers of the Enlightenment, which commonly equated scientific
Technological_utopianism
French philosopher and writer (1913–1960)
belief in human dignity. Camus's mistrust of bureaucracies that aimed for efficiency instead of justice grew. He continued his involvement with theatre and
Albert_Camus
Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790
a large standing army. Joseph, influenced by Enlightenment ideals of efficiency and utility, advocated for a more centralised and accountable approach
Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer (1859–1952)
IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2010. "The educational balance, efficiency and thinking" (EET). In Simpson, D.J., & Stack, S.F. (eds.), Teachers
John_Dewey
American politician (born 1949)
neoclassical economic theory to the study of law with an emphasis on economic efficiency. One of her articles, published in 1980 in the Notre Dame Law Review,
Elizabeth_Warren
Class of ranked-choice electoral systems
Pareto efficiency But it fails to satisfy the following criteria: Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) Independence of Clones (IoC) Condorcet winner
Positional_voting
Personal value, basis for ethical action
important to global governance can include leadership, legitimacy, and efficiency. Within our current global governance architecture, leadership is expressed
Value_(ethics)
1971 book by Saul Alinsky
Black Blackwell Bornstein Brand Brandeis Breckinridge Butler Carpenter de Condorcet Cornell Davis (Mike) Dewey Douglas (Kelly) Douglas (William) Du Bois Dyson
Rules_for_Radicals
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
Improvement of Society: with Remarks on the Speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and Other Writers (1st ed.). London: J. Johnson. LCCN 46038215. OCLC 65344349
Natural_selection
King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786
model of a glorified warrior, praising his leadership, administrative efficiency, devotion to duty and success in building Prussia into a great power.
Frederick_the_Great
1890s–1920s US political reform movement
sciences, especially history, economics, and political science, and improve efficiency with scientific management (Taylorism). Initially, the movement operated
Progressive_Era
Difficult choice from three options
technology. Dilemma Ternary plot Trichotomy (philosophy) Inconsistent triad Condorcet paradox Tetralemma Metcalf, Allan A. (2004). Predicting New Words: The
Trilemma
Interdisciplinary research program
STV.[citation needed] Another question would be the ability to elect a Condorcet winner in case there is one. Other principles which are considered by
Social software (research field)
Social_software_(research_field)
Votes that do not impact an election
measured by the efficiency gap. The efficiency gap is a frequently discussed method of measuring gerrymandering. A non-zero efficiency gap almost always
Wasted_vote
Scottish politician (born 1973)
are heated. He also confirmed that all homes will have to meet energy efficiency standards by 2033 and that all homes would need to replace gas boilers
Patrick_Harvie
Dowdall voting, and all efficient anonymous rules, are not RFTT. All Condorcet-consistent voting rules that also satisfy a weak monotonicity condition
Regret-free_mechanism
Type of economic system
that markets suffer from informational inefficiency and the presumed efficiency of markets stems from the faulty assumptions of neoclassical welfare economics
Market_economy
List of statements that appear to contradict themselves
in both their best interests to do so. Voting paradox: Also known as Condorcet's paradox and paradox of voting. A group of separately rational individuals
List_of_paradoxes
Family of proportional election methods
proportionality, a weak form of strategyproofness, and a weak form of efficiency. Specifically, the following three properties are incompatible whenever
Multiwinner_approval_voting
Concept in modern economics
ISBN 978-0-674-02654-4. Rothschild, Emma (2001). Economic Sentiments: Adam Smith, Condorcet, and the Enlightenment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 138–42
Invisible_hand
American activist and political theorist (1909–1972)
Black Blackwell Bornstein Brand Brandeis Breckinridge Butler Carpenter de Condorcet Cornell Davis (Mike) Dewey Douglas (Kelly) Douglas (William) Du Bois Dyson
Saul_Alinsky
Chinese ethical and philosophical system
hierarchies that do not depend on a "one person, one vote" system. First is raw efficiency, which may require centralized rule in the hands of the competent few
Confucianism
Economic system free from interventionism
Retrieved 2022-03-11. Rothschild, E. (2013). Economic Sentiments: Adam Smith, Condorcet, and the Enlightenment. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-72562-1
Laissez-faire
there is a Condorcet winner - a project who wins a majority over all other projects. Once this project is removed, there is a Condorcet winner among
Participatory budgeting experiments
Participatory_budgeting_experiments
American economist and statistician (1912–2006)
markets would help nations and individuals in the long-run and fix the efficiency problems currently faced by the United States and other major countries
Milton_Friedman
Welsh politician (born 1971)
buildings. It also suggests providing financial support for home energy efficiency measures and for setting up of green co-operatives. Wood was elected leader
Leanne_Wood
German sociologist, jurist, and political economist (1864–1920)
suited capitalism well. This depersonalisation related to its increased efficiency. Bureaucrats could not openly make arbitrary decisions or base them on
Max_Weber
Wendt, such that the correlation is always positive. Pairwise comparisons Condorcet winner criterion Intransitive dice Wolfe D, Hogg R (1971). "On constructing
Probability_of_superiority
Ideology supporting both civil and economic liberties
Edward Gibbon, Denis Diderot, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Marquis de Condorcet, Thomas Paine, Thomas Malthus, and David Ricardo. It drew on classical
Classical_liberalism
Idea about population growth and food supply
written as a rebuttal to thinkers like William Godwin and the Marquis de Condorcet, and Malthus's own father who believed in the perfectibility of humanity
Malthusianism
Political philosophy in support of progress and reform
civilization. 18th-century philosopher and political scientist Marquis de Condorcet predicted that political progress would involve the disappearance of slavery
Progressivism
American Founding Father and polymath (1706–1790)
speed of delivery between Philadelphia, New York, and Boston. By 1761, efficiencies led to the first profits for the colonial post office. When the lands
Benjamin_Franklin
European cultural movement
contrasted their conception of the "public" with that of the people: Condorcet contrasted "opinion" with populace, Marmontel "the opinion of men of letters"
Age_of_Enlightenment
have a social choice function that satisfies unrestricted domain, Pareto efficiency, independence of irrelevant alternatives, and non-dictatorship. However
Unrestricted_domain
Arguments against the economic system of capitalism
that have been supplanted by industrialisation. Despite the gains in efficiency made within capitalism, many conservatives remain sceptical of the possibility
Criticism_of_capitalism
Scientific study of human society and relationships
beginnings can be traced back well beyond Montesquieu, for example, and to Condorcet, not to speak of Saint-Simon, Comte's immediate predecessor. But Comte's
Sociology
English philosopher and political theorist (1820–1903)
possible, the writer would achieve the greatest possible communicative efficiency. This was accomplished, according to Spencer, by placing all the subordinate
Herbert_Spencer
Political ideology within the socialist movement
taxation on profits, creates further contradictions by further limiting the efficiency of the capitalist system by reducing incentives for capitalists to invest
Social_democracy
Political philosophy and reform movement
the core principles of the progressive movement focused on the need for efficiency in all areas of society, and for greater democratic control over public
Progressivism in the United States
Progressivism_in_the_United_States
Political ideology promoting free-market capitalism
income and wealth inequality by promoting policies that prioritize market efficiency over social welfare. Labor deregulation under neoliberal agendas has led
Neoliberalism
Multiple-winner electoral system
they fail Pareto efficiency. Apart from properties pertaining to proportionality, PAV satisfies the following axioms: Pareto efficiency Consistency Support
Proportional_approval_voting
Electoral system with lottery among ballots
Pareto-efficiency: the outcome is Pareto-efficient. In fact, with strict preferences, RD satisfies a stronger efficiency property called SD-efficiency: the
Random_ballot
Sociological theory regarding shared understandings
1080/14043850510035119. S2CID 144925991. Martin, Ana (1 March 2024). "The Efficiency of Intersectionality: Labelling the Benefits of a Rights-Based Approach
Social_constructionism
Structure or mechanism of social order
characteristics of issue areas, such as network effects. North also offers an efficiency hypothesis, stating that relative price changes create incentives to create
Institution
American Reformed theologian (1892–1971)
and none of us is sensitive enough to care how much in human values the efficiency of the modern factory costs. The historian Ronald H. Stone thinks that
Reinhold_Niebuhr
Political and social ideology
Progressivism (1986). Richard Jensen, "Democracy, Republicanism and Efficiency: The Values of American Politics, 1885–1930," in Byron Shafer and Anthony
Liberalism in the United States
Liberalism_in_the_United_States
2019 nonfiction book by Ibram X. Kendi
Black Blackwell Bornstein Brand Brandeis Breckinridge Butler Carpenter de Condorcet Cornell Davis (Mike) Dewey Douglas (Kelly) Douglas (William) Du Bois Dyson
How_to_Be_an_Antiracist
the aggregation. This fact has been observed in political science by Condorcet’s 1785 “jury problem” and in psychology in reliability theory. In reliability
Cultural_consensus_theory
Revolution in Iran from 1978 to 1979
been raised with regards to political freedom, governmental honesty and efficiency, economic equality and self-sufficiency, or even popular religious devotion
Iranian_Revolution
British socialist organisation founded in 1884
state required the 'improvement of the human stock' to ensure social efficiency through the gradual elimination of undesirable elements through compulsory
Fabian_Society
Work of political history and philosophy by Machiavelli (c. 1517)
towns in different ways, both weighing the pros and cons such as cost and efficiency. Chapter 33 talks about how the Romans gave free commissions to their
Discourses_on_Livy
President of France from 1879 to 1887
president of the Chamber of Deputies, a post which he filled with such efficiency that upon the resignation of Legitimist president Marshal de MacMahon
Jules_Grévy
Rule-like system shaping how people should feel
that misogyny "folds into state and national structures with terrible efficiency". Kari Andén-Papadopoulos shows that activist image-making in the Arab
Emotion_regime
American minister, activist, and writer
Black Blackwell Bornstein Brand Brandeis Breckinridge Butler Carpenter de Condorcet Cornell Davis (Mike) Dewey Douglas (Kelly) Douglas (William) Du Bois Dyson
Robin_Meyers
head-to-head over Morsi (75%) and Shafik (53%), making Moussa the likely Condorcet winner, and Fotouh the runner-up. However, due to the use of the two-round
2012 Egyptian presidential election
2012_Egyptian_presidential_election
Game theory model of voting
Richard F.; Munger, Michael C. (November 2021). "Condorcet Loser in 2016: Apparently Trump; Condorcet Winner: Not Clinton?". American Politics Research
Poisson_game
US Supreme Court justice from 1916 to 1939 (1856–1941)
finance. He argued that great size conflicted with efficiency and added a new dimension to the Efficiency Movement of the Progressive Era. As early as 1895
Louis_Brandeis
American reformer (1860–1935)
values of the college-educated high culture to the masses, including the Efficiency Movement, a major movement in industrial nations in the early 20th century
Jane_Addams
Form of government
is important. If democracy is only discussed in terms of economy and efficiency, it can lead to the negative consequences of dictatorship and totalitarianism
Liberal_democracy
Concept in game theory
equilibrium for any Condorcet winner that exists, but this is only unique (apart from inconsequential changes) when there is a majority Condorcet winner. A relatively
Strong_Nash_equilibrium
CONDORCET EFFICIENCY
CONDORCET EFFICIENCY
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dakshhtha | தகà¯à®·à®¾à®¹à®¤à®¾
Efficiency, Care
Dakshhtha | தகà¯à®·à®¾à®¹à®¤à®¾
Girl/Female
Indian
Efficiency, Care
CONDORCET EFFICIENCY
CONDORCET EFFICIENCY
Girl/Female
Indian
Victory
Girl/Female
Tamil
Artana | à®…à®°à¯à®¤à®¾à®¨à®¾
Vanquisher of all foes, Request
Girl/Female
Arabic
Single Pearl
Girl/Female
Arabic
Angel
Girl/Female
Hindu
Light, Keen intellect
Girl/Female
Indian
Boy/Male
Arabic, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Oriya, Telugu
Honour
Girl/Female
Indian
Worshipper
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of Lamb 1 and 2.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Telugu
One who Wins Heart; Soul
CONDORCET EFFICIENCY
CONDORCET EFFICIENCY
CONDORCET EFFICIENCY
CONDORCET EFFICIENCY
CONDORCET EFFICIENCY
n.
A remedy which has an action similar to that of another remedy, and hence increases the efficiency of that remedy when combined with it.
v. i.
To have efficiency as an epispastic; to act as a sinapism; -- said of a blister, poultice, etc.
n.
A quantity or coefficient, or constant, which expresses the measure of some specified force, property, or quality, as of elasticity, strength, efficiency, etc.; a parameter.
a.
Possessed of, or characterized by, expedition, or efficiency and rapidity in action; performed with, or acting with, expedition; quick; having celerity; speedily; as, an expeditious march or messenger.
superl.
Wanting force, vigor, or efficiency in action or expression; not full, loud, bright, strong, rapid, etc.; faint; as, a feeble color; feeble motion.
a.
Furnished with whatever serves to add strength, force, or efficiency.
n.
The quality of being efficient or producing an effect or effects; efficient power; effectual agency.
n.
Alt. of Efficiency
a.
Small in force or efficiency; not strong; weak; slight; inconsiderable; as, little attention or exertion;little effort; little care or diligence.
v. t.
To furnish with strength for action; to prepare for efficiency; to fortify.
v. t.
Power of action; agency; efficiency.
v. t.
To corrupt or undermine in morals; to destroy or lessen the effect of moral principles on; to render corrupt or untrustworthy in morals, in discipline, in courage, spirit, etc.; to weaken in spirit or efficiency.
a.
Possessing force; characterized by force, efficiency, or energy; powerful; efficacious; impressive; influential.
n.
Power to produce results; efficiency; force; importance; account; as, to speak with effect.
n.
The efficiency of an engine, especially a steam pumping engine, as measured by work done by a certain quantity of fuel; usually, the number of pounds of water lifted one foot by one bushel of coal (94 lbs. old standard), or by 1 cwt. (112 lbs., England, or 100 lbs., United States).
v. t.
To hinder from acting or moving; to prevent the effect or efficiency of; to cause to cease; to repress; to restrain; to suppress; to interrupt; to suspend; as, to stop the execution of a decree, the progress of vice, the approaches of old age or infirmity.
n.
The ratio of useful work to energy expended.
n.
Joint efficiency; cooperation.
v. t.
to overthrow; to demolish; to destroy; to deprive of efficiency; to ruin; as, to prostrate a village; to prostrate a government; to prostrate law or justice.