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Thought experiment used to demonstrate the impossibility of proving any truth
The Münchhausen trilemma (also known as Agrippa's trilemma) is an epistemological thought experiment intended to demonstrate the theoretical impossibility
Münchhausen_trilemma
Difficult choice from three options
A trilemma is a difficult choice from three options, each of which is (or appears) unacceptable or unfavourable. There are two logically equivalent ways
Trilemma
Trilemma in international economics
political economy, the impossible trinity (also known as the trilemma, the monetary trilemma or the Unholy Trinity) is the view that it is impossible to
Impossible_trinity
Hypothesis that reality could be a computer simulation
entity would almost certainly be in a simulation. This argument presents a trilemma: either such simulations are not created because of technological limitations
Simulation_hypothesis
Apologetic argument for the divinity of Jesus
Lewis's trilemma is an apologetic argument traditionally used to argue for the divinity of Jesus by postulating that the only alternatives are that he
Lewis's_trilemma
Political responses to globalisation
The political trilemma of the world economy is a concept created by economist Dani Rodrik to capture the trade-offs that governments faced in their responses
Political trilemma of the world economy
Political_trilemma_of_the_world_economy
Logical dilemma in philosophy
or anti-Epicurean academic source. The oldest preserved version of this trilemma appears in the writings of the skeptic Sextus Empiricus. Charles Bray,
Epicurean_paradox
Informal fallacy involving falsely limited alternatives
first premise (P∨Q) is responsible for the fallacious inference. Lewis's trilemma is a famous example of this type of argument involving three disjuncts:
False_dilemma
Model of the constraints of project management
parameters. Efficiency–thoroughness trade-off principle Quality, cost, delivery Trilemma Ternary plot Atkinson, Roger (December 1999). "Project management: cost
Project_management_triangle
Hellenistic Pyrrhonist philosopher, creator of Agrippa's Trilemma
judgment (epoché). Agrippa's arguments form the basis of the Agrippan trilemma. Sextus Empiricus described these "modes" or "tropes" in Outlines of Pyrrhonism
Agrippa_the_Skeptic
Economic model
"irreconcilable trinity", "inconsistent trinity", "policy trilemma", or the "Mundell–Fleming trilemma". Basic assumptions of the model are as follows: Spot
Mundell–Fleming_model
British writer, lay theologian, and scholar (1898–1963)
did not intend to. Although this argument is sometimes called "Lewis's trilemma", Lewis did not invent it but rather developed and popularized it. It has
C._S._Lewis
Indian economist (born 1949)
"Duvvuri Subbarao : Policy Challenges from the New Trilemma" (PDF). "Views on Subbarao's Trilemma". "From Impossible Trinity to Holy Trinity". 3 February
Duvvuri_Subbarao
Trilemma in computer science concerning network naming schemes
Zooko's triangle is a trilemma of three properties that some people consider desirable for names of participants in a network protocol: Human-meaningful:
Zooko's_triangle
1952 theological book by C. S. Lewis
of Christian theology, including his notable "Liar, lunatic, or Lord" trilemma; the third has him exploring Christian ethics, among which are cardinal
Mere_Christianity
Form of democracy
countries with index above 0 are shown. Democratic theorists have identified a trilemma due to the presence of three desirable characteristics of an ideal system
Direct_democracy
Country in East Asia
"Deterring a Nuclear-Armed Adversary in a Contested Regional Order: The 'Trilemma' of US–North Korea Relations." Asia Policy 23.1 (2017): 97–103. online
North_Korea
Topics referred to by the same term
Lifelong learning "Lunatic, Liar, or Lord", a common summary of Lewis's trilemma, a theological argument from C. S. Lewis L3 (disambiguation) 3L (disambiguation)
LLL
American economist
Obstfeld and Taylor were the first to introduce the now-standard term "trilemma" into economics, which is used to describe the macroeconomic policy tradeoff
Alan_M._Taylor
German philosopher (1844–1900)
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Friedrich_Nietzsche
Book of Christian apologetics by Paul E. Little
the perspective of evidential apologetics, and Little expands Lewis's trilemma into four possibilities: Jesus was either a liar, lunatic, legend, or Lord
Know_Why_You_Believe
Part of the Brexit withdrawal agreement
intractable issues. These were summarised in what became known as the Brexit Trilemma, because of three competing objectives: no hard border on the island; no
Northern_Ireland_Protocol
Ukrainian-American programmer
consensus on a blockchain network. Yakovenko sought to address the blockchain trilemma of throughput, decentralization, and security by combining a proof of stake
Anatoly_Yakovenko
Early Christian and Jewish religious systems
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Gnosticism
Actions aimed at defeating insurgent forces
what Zambernardi labels the "impossible trilemma" of counterinsurgency. Specifically, the impossible trilemma suggests that it is impossible to simultaneously
Counterinsurgency
Christian philosopher and theologian (354–430)
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Augustine_of_Hippo
Monetary policy limiting transfer of assets in or out of a country
controls is sometimes discussed in relation to the impossible trinity (trilemma, the unholy trinity), the finding that it is impossible for a nation's
Capital_control
UK food label
specifically the Johnson government's decision to resolve the Brexit trilemma by keeping an open trade border on the island of Ireland. This resulted
Not_for_EU
Beliefs accepted by members of a group without question
Aporia Dogma Epoché Similar philosophies Academic skepticism Modern influence Münchhausen trilemma Benson Mates Robert Fogelin Philosophy portal v t e
Dogma
Procedure of the English court of Star Chamber
asked.[citation needed] It gave rise to what became known as the cruel trilemma where the accused would find themselves trapped between a breach of religious
Ex_officio_oath
Theory of justification in epistemology
problems of arbitrariness and circularity (problems raised by the Münchhausen trilemma). It was developed and defended by Susan Haack in her 1993 work Evidence
Foundherentism
lack of intermodal neural connections. In epistemology, the Münchhausen trilemma is a thought experiment intended to demonstrate the theoretical impossibility
List of philosophical problems
List_of_philosophical_problems
Conceptual trilemma in health care policy
Conceptual trilemma in health care policy
Iron_Triangle_of_Health_Care
Problem in epistemology that any proposition can be endlessly questioned
as the epistemic regress problem. It is an element of the Münchhausen trilemma. Assuming that knowledge is justified true belief, then: Suppose that P
Infinite regress (epistemology)
Infinite_regress_(epistemology)
Philosophical problem-solving principle
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Occam's_razor
Philosophical argument for the existence of God
Miracles Testimony Historical events Historical personages Christological Trilemma Arguments against Philosophical 747 gambit Atheist's Wager Creator of God
Kalam_cosmological_argument
Ontological thesis
Infinite regress Last man Logical fallacy Meaninglessness Münchhausen trilemma Nonexistence Nothingness Paradox of nihilism Vagueness Valuelessness Thinkers
Mereological_nihilism
Doubt about God's existence
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Agnosticism
American-British actor, biographer and film producer (born 1945)
(wife) Douglas Gresham (stepson) Warren Lewis (brother) The Kilns Lewis's trilemma The Inklings Language and Human Nature CS Lewis Nature Reserve Shadowlands
Douglas_Gresham
State of puzzlement or expression of doubt, in philosophy and rhetoric
Aporia Dogma Epoché Similar philosophies Academic skepticism Modern influence Münchhausen trilemma Benson Mates Robert Fogelin Philosophy portal v t e
Aporia
German philosopher and socialist (1818–1883)
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Karl_Marx
French polymath (1623–1662)
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Blaise_Pascal
Absence of belief in the existence of deities; the opposite of theism
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Atheism
Philosophical term
body." Circular reasoning Global workspace theory Inside Out Münchhausen trilemma The Numskulls Personal horizon Purusha Turtles all the way down Homunculus
Cartesian_theater
Class of religious beliefs
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Animism
Film by Matt Brown
(wife) Douglas Gresham (stepson) Warren Lewis (brother) The Kilns Lewis's trilemma The Inklings Language and Human Nature CS Lewis Nature Reserve Shadowlands
Freud's_Last_Session
Concept in epistemology
Critical thinking Dream argument Infinite regress (epistemology) Münchhausen trilemma Blaauw, Martijn; Pritchard, Duncan (2005). Epistemology A-Z. Edinburgh
Justification_(epistemology)
Heuristic in information security
Anderson: systems that handle sensitive personal information involve a trilemma of security, functionality, and scale, of which you can choose any two
Anderson's rule (computer science)
Anderson's_rule_(computer_science)
Series of children's novels by C. S. Lewis
(wife) Douglas Gresham (stepson) Warren Lewis (brother) The Kilns Lewis's trilemma The Inklings Language and Human Nature CS Lewis Nature Reserve Shadowlands
The_Chronicles_of_Narnia
1955 children's novel by C. S. Lewis
(wife) Douglas Gresham (stepson) Warren Lewis (brother) The Kilns Lewis's trilemma The Inklings Language and Human Nature CS Lewis Nature Reserve Shadowlands
The_Magician's_Nephew
French philosopher and writer (1647–1706)
David Hume's Critique of Infinity, Brill, 2001, pp. 22–23, 25–28 "Bayle's trilemma". Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. Retrieved 14 July 2020. "Bayle"
Pierre_Bayle
German polymath (1646–1716)
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz
English philosopher and logician (1872–1970)
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Bertrand_Russell
Argument for the existence of God
Miracles Testimony Historical events Historical personages Christological Trilemma Arguments against Philosophical 747 gambit Atheist's Wager Creator of God
Ontological_argument
Dutch philosopher and theologian (c. 1466–1536)
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Erasmus
American philosopher (1919–2009)
Aporia Dogma Epoché Similar philosophies Academic skepticism Modern influence Münchhausen trilemma Benson Mates Robert Fogelin Philosophy portal v t e
Benson_Mates
Supreme deity in theistic belief systems
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
God
Need to sacrifice consistency or availability in the presence of network partitions
(computer science) Raft (computer science) Zooko's triangle Inconsistent triad Trilemma Gilbert, Seth; Lynch, Nancy (2002). "Brewer's conjecture and the feasibility
CAP_theorem
1895 allegorical dialogue by Lewis Carroll
audiobook at LibriVox Deduction theorem Homunculus argument Münchhausen trilemma Paradox Regress argument Rule of inference Other works Gödel, Escher, Bach
What the Tortoise Said to Achilles
What_the_Tortoise_Said_to_Achilles
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
List_of_philosophies
1961 memoir by C.S. Lewis
(wife) Douglas Gresham (stepson) Warren Lewis (brother) The Kilns Lewis's trilemma The Inklings Language and Human Nature CS Lewis Nature Reserve Shadowlands
A_Grief_Observed
German philosopher (1770–1831)
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel
Theoretical paradox resulting from time travel
protection conjecture Cosmic censorship hypothesis Fermi paradox Münchhausen trilemma Quantum mechanics of time travel Retrocausality Time loop Time travel in
Temporal_paradox
Metaphysical question
Cause Creatio ex materia Creatio ex nihilo Existence of God Münchhausen trilemma Problem of universals Something (concept) Vertiginous question "Poem of
Why_is_there_anything_at_all?
Think tank
(2018). "World Energy Trilemma Index" (PDF). World Energy Council. Retrieved 2022-04-24. "WEC Energy Trilemma Index Tool". trilemma.worldenergy.org. Retrieved
World_Energy_Council
Greek philosopher and teacher (c. 95 - c. 185)
Aporia Dogma Epoché Similar philosophies Academic skepticism Modern influence Münchhausen trilemma Benson Mates Robert Fogelin Philosophy portal v t e
Sextus_of_Chaeronea
Miracles Testimony Historical events Historical personages Christological Trilemma Arguments against Philosophical 747 gambit Atheist's Wager Creator of God
Mathematics_and_God
American poet (1915–1960)
(wife) Douglas Gresham (stepson) Warren Lewis (brother) The Kilns Lewis's trilemma The Inklings Language and Human Nature CS Lewis Nature Reserve Shadowlands
Joy_Davidman
Indian and American yogi and guru (1893–1952)
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Paramahansa_Yogananda
Trade border between Northern Ireland and Great Britain
Prime Minister Johnson in October 2019 to break the impasse of the "Brexit Trilemma" (of three competing objectives: no hard border on the island; no Irish
Irish_Sea_border
French economist
the concept of the global financial cycle and challenging the Mundellian Trilemma as well as estimating the exorbitant privilege of the United States. Rey
Hélène_Rey
Non-agreement or opposition to authority
Aporia Dogma Epoché Similar philosophies Academic skepticism Modern influence Münchhausen trilemma Benson Mates Robert Fogelin Philosophy portal v t e
Dissent
American philosopher and psychologist (1842–1910)
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
William_James
Teacher of the Brahma Kumaris spiritual movement
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
BK_Shivani
8th-century Indian Vedic scholar
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Adi_Shankara
Roman sophist and skeptic philosopher (c.80–c.160)
Aporia Dogma Epoché Similar philosophies Academic skepticism Modern influence Münchhausen trilemma Benson Mates Robert Fogelin Philosophy portal v t e
Favorinus
Moksha Molyneux's Problem Morality Moral responsibility Motion Münchhausen trilemma Mundane reason Name Nation Natural and legal rights Nature Necessary and
List of philosophical concepts
List_of_philosophical_concepts
(wife) Douglas Gresham (stepson) Warren Lewis (brother) The Kilns Lewis's trilemma The Inklings Language and Human Nature CS Lewis Nature Reserve Shadowlands
C._S._Lewis_bibliography
Rejection of certain ideas about reality
firmly asserts that knowledge or objectivity do not exist. Agrippa's trilemma presents a similar conundrum for the existence of knowledge. Some forms
Nihilism
Range of related ideas and movements that have developed in the Western world
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Western_esotericism
Philosophical question
Problem of Hell Qlippoth Sefirot Theistic finitism Theodicy and the Bible Trilemma Weltschmerz Nicola Creegan has presented the logical and evidential versions
Problem_of_evil
American professor of philosophy (born 1937)
Church historically founded by Christ." He reportedly applied C. S. Lewis's trilemma (that either Jesus is a lunatic, a liar, or the Lord): "I thought, just
Peter_Kreeft
Axiom that everything has a reason
the occurrence of an effect. The principle is relevant to Munchausen's trilemma, as it seems to suppose an infinite regress, rather than a foundational
Principle of sufficient reason
Principle_of_sufficient_reason
1992 UK financial crisis
1990s portal 1999–2002 sale of British gold reserves Impossible trinity – Trilemma in international economics Sterling crisis (disambiguation), other currency
Black_Wednesday
Suspension of judgment but also withholding of assent
Aporia Dogma Epoché Similar philosophies Academic skepticism Modern influence Münchhausen trilemma Benson Mates Robert Fogelin Philosophy portal v t e
Epoché
Belief that there is only one God
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Monotheism
Argument for the existence of God
Miracles Testimony Historical events Historical personages Christological Trilemma Arguments against Philosophical 747 gambit Atheist's Wager Creator of God
Cosmological_argument
1993 British film
(wife) Douglas Gresham (stepson) Warren Lewis (brother) The Kilns Lewis's trilemma The Inklings Language and Human Nature CS Lewis Nature Reserve Shadowlands
Shadowlands_(1993_film)
Philosophical principle
to the problem of the criterion and is a constituent of the Münchhausen trilemma. Infinite regress is also found in the cosmological argument, turtles all
Fallibilism
Statement of infinite regress
Hindu god Vishnu Matryoshka doll – Russian nested wooden toy Münchhausen trilemma – Thought experiment used to demonstrate the impossibility of proving any
Turtles_all_the_way_down
Irish musician and activist (born 1960)
early as 2005, Bono was invoking this argument, identified as the "Lewis trilemma". Bono is almost never seen in public without sunglasses, as he has had
Bono
Philosophical problem about the starting point of knowledge
embraces the particulist approach. Acatalepsy Meno's paradox Münchhausen trilemma Fieser, James; Dowden, Bradley (eds.). "Problem of the criterion". Internet
Problem_of_the_criterion
Belief that nature originated through supernatural acts
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Creationism
German philosopher (1874–1945)
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Ernst_Cassirer
French philosopher and mathematician (1596–1650)
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
René_Descartes
1951 children's novel by C. S. Lewis
(wife) Douglas Gresham (stepson) Warren Lewis (brother) The Kilns Lewis's trilemma The Inklings Language and Human Nature CS Lewis Nature Reserve Shadowlands
Prince_Caspian
Creation spirit in some schools of philosophy
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Demiurge
President of Argentina since 2023
capitales? La política fiscal" [Real Exchange Rate Targeting: Monetary Trilemma or Capital Control? Tax Policy]. Revista de Economía y Estadística (in
Javier_Milei
Games Authors: Donn Stroud, Sean McCoy, Luke Gearing Trilemma Adventures Compendium Vol 1, Trilemma Adventures Authors: Michael Prescott, Evey Lockhart
2020_ENnie_Award_winners
French-Indian spiritual guru (1878–1973)
Being Theodicy Unmoved mover Existence of God For Beauty Christological Trilemma Resurrection Consciousness Cosmological Kalam cosmological Contingency
Mirra_Alfassa
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