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Plan for specifying and enforcing security policies
A computer security model is a scheme for specifying and enforcing security policies. A security model may be founded upon a formal model of access rights
Computer_security_model
Computer security model
Department of Defense (DoD) multilevel security (MLS) policy. The model is a formal state transition model of computer security policy that describes a set of
Bell–LaPadula_model
A computer security policy defines the goals and elements of an organization's computer systems. The definition can be highly formal or informal. Security
Computer_security_policy
Computer security model
The Biba Model or Biba Integrity Model developed by Kenneth J. Biba in 1977, is a formal state transition system of computer security policy describing
Biba_Model
Approach to restricting system access to authorized users
National Computer Security Conference: 554–563. Sandhu, R., Coyne, E.J., Feinstein, H.L. and Youman, C.E. (August 1996). "Role-Based Access Control Models" (PDF)
Role-based_access_control
Model for identifying computer security threats
to improving web application security through education CIA triad – another mnemonic for a security model to build security in IT systems Morana, Marco;
STRIDE_model
Process of identifying structural vulnerabilities
to exploit security vulnerabilities for personal gain. As a result, engineers and computer scientists soon began developing threat modeling concepts for
Threat_model
Term for computer intruders and computing experts
unauthorized access to a computer system or network. The word is also used for a skilled programmer or computer enthusiast. In computer security, it may describe
Hacker
Computer security model
The object-capability model is a computer security model. A capability describes a transferable right to perform one (or more) operations on a given object
Object-capability_model
Computer security model
The Graham–Denning model is a computer security model that shows how subjects and objects should be securely created and deleted. It also addresses how
Graham–Denning_model
Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damage
Computer security (also cybersecurity, digital security, or information technology (IT) security) is a subdiscipline within the field of information security
Computer_security
Method of attack on computer systems
integrity and security of computer systems. Exploits can cause unintended or unanticipated behavior in systems, potentially leading to severe security breaches
Exploit_(computer_security)
Layer of protection in computer systems
improving fault tolerance) and malicious behavior (by providing computer security). Computer operating systems provide different levels of access to resources
Protection_ring
multilevel security policy model, first described by Joseph Goguen and José Meseguer in 1982 and developed further in 1984. In simple terms, a computer is modeled
Non-interference_(security)
simple definition of a security policy is "to set who may use what information in a computer system". The access matrix model, first introduced in 1971
Protection_mechanism
Application of computer system
Multilevel security or multiple levels of security (MLS) is the application of a computer system to process information with incompatible classifications
Multilevel_security
Formal model used to prove properties of interactive cryptographic protocols
Shichao (2008), Secure Transaction Protocol Analysis: Models and Applications, Lecture Notes in Computer Science / Programming and Software Engineering, ISBN 9783540850731
Dolev–Yao_model
Computer system model
of Commercial and Military Computer Security Policies) by David D. Clark and David R. Wilson. The paper develops the model as a way to formalize the notion
Clark–Wilson_model
Type of access control
In computer security, mandatory access control (MAC) refers to a type of access control by which a secured environment (e.g., an operating system or a
Mandatory_access_control
The HRU security model (Harrison, Ruzzo, Ullman model) is an operating system level computer security model which deals with the integrity of access rights
HRU_(security)
Computer security pioneer, co-developed Bell-laPadula model
and computer security pioneer. While working at MITRE Corporation, he and Leonard J. LaPadula co-developed the highly influential Bell–LaPadula model. In
David_Elliott_Bell
Computer safety concept
Capability-based security is a concept in the design of secure computing systems, one of the existing security models. A capability (known in some systems
Capability-based_security
Concept in physical and logical security
the Bell–LaPadula security model, whose first volume appeared in 1972. Under high-water mark, any object less than the user's security level can be opened
High-water mark (computer security)
High-water_mark_(computer_security)
Security model of protection state in computer systems
In computer science, an access control matrix or access matrix is an abstract, formal security model of protection state in computer systems, that characterizes
Access_control_matrix
Potential negative action or event facilitated by a vulnerability
In computer security, a threat is an action or event that would result in an unwanted or negative impact to a computer system, software, data, or other
Threat_(computer_security)
In computer security, lattice-based access control (LBAC) is an access control model defined to control data transfers between objects (such as resources
Lattice-based_access_control
Limits for system or device information
Application permissions are a type of computer access control to determine whether each application is allowed to use specific system- and device-level
Application_permissions
Reference model for network communication
framework. The development of the OSI model started in the late 1970s to support the emergence of the diverse computer networking methods that were competing
OSI_model
Organization which responds to computer security incidents
A computer emergency response team (CERT) is an incident response team dedicated to computer security incidents. Other names used to describe CERT include
Computer emergency response team
Computer_emergency_response_team
take-grant protection model is a formal model used in the field of computer security to establish or disprove the safety of a given computer system that follows
Take-grant_protection_model
UNIX". Cambridge Computer Laboratory. Retrieved 8 April 2020. Watson, Robert N. M. (2012). "New approaches to operating system security extensibility".
Capsicum_(Unix)
Exploitable weakness in a computer system
In computer security, a vulnerability is a flaw or weakness in a system's design, implementation, or management that can be exploited by a malicious actor
Vulnerability (computer security)
Vulnerability_(computer_security)
Overview of and topical guide to computer security
topical guide to computer security: Computer security (also cybersecurity, digital security, or information technology (IT) security) is a subdiscipline
Outline_of_computer_security
Control of access to computer networks
access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network and network-accessible resources. Network security involves the authorization of access to data
Network_security
Framework to support computer security models
Linux Security Modules (LSM) is a framework allowing the Linux kernel to support, without bias, a variety of computer security models. LSM is licensed
Linux_Security_Modules
Information security model
Brewer and Nash model was constructed to provide information security access controls that can change dynamically. This security model, also known as the
Brewer_and_Nash_model
fields of computer security and information technology, computer security incident management involves the monitoring and detection of security events on
Computer security incident management
Computer_security_incident_management
Methods used to protect cloud-based assets
cloud computing. It is a sub-domain of computer security, network security and, more broadly, information security. Cloud computing and storage provide
Cloud_computing_security
to Hierarchical Integrity Policies, In Proceedings of the 8th National Computer Security Conference, page 18, 1985. LOCK - A trusted computing system
Type_enforcement
Computer security threat assessment model
users, Discoverability) is a risk assessment and threat modeling system for computer security threats. When a given threat is assessed using DREAD, each
DREAD_(risk_assessment_model)
Computer security model
Multiple single-level or multi-security level (MSL) is a means to separate different levels of data by using separate computers or virtual machines for each
Multiple_single-level
authentication Bell–LaPadula model Biba model Clark-Wilson model Discretionary access control (DAC) Graham-Denning model Multilevel security (MLS) Mandatory access
Security_modes
Systems security model
trust" was coined by Stephen Paul Marsh in his doctoral thesis on computer security at the University of Stirling. Marsh's work studied trust as something
Zero_trust_architecture
Protecting information by mitigating risk
technology (IT) security specialists. These specialists apply information security to technology (most often some form of computer system). IT security specialists
Information_security
Computer program for information security
Computer security software or cybersecurity software is any computer program designed to influence information security. This is often taken in the context
Computer_security_software
Type of access control
In computer systems security, Relationship-based access control (ReBAC) defines an authorization paradigm where a subject's permission to access a resource
Relationship-based access control
Relationship-based_access_control
Model used in risk analysis
principle behind layered security, as used in computer security and IT's defense in depth. Although the Swiss cheese model is respected and considered
Swiss_cheese_model
Self-replicating malware program
relying on security failures on the target computer to access it. It will use this machine as a host to scan and infect other computers. When these new
Computer_worm
Protection measures for a system
risks to physical property, information, computer systems, or other assets. In the field of information security, such controls protect the confidentiality
Security_controls
Model of concurrent computation
The actor model in computer science is a mathematical model of concurrent computation that treats an actor as the basic building block of concurrent computation
Actor_model
Type of access control
In computer security, discretionary access control (DAC) is a type of access control defined by the Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC)
Discretionary_access_control
Aspect of computer network security
Endpoint security or endpoint protection is an approach to the protection of computer networks that are remotely bridged to client devices. The connection
Endpoint_security
Protocol for communicating between LLMs and applications
compatibility layer. MCP has been subject to several security vulnerabilities, both in how models handle tool calling and in MCP software itself. In April
Model_Context_Protocol
Form of shared internet-based computing
operate under a shared responsibility model, where providers are typically responsible for infrastructure security, physical hardware, and software updates
Cloud_computing
Computer security method
Provable security refers to any type or level of computer security that can be proved. It is used in different ways by different fields. Usually, this
Provable_security
Concept in computer security
In computer security, a weird machine is a computational artifact where additional code execution can happen outside the original specification of the
Weird_machine
Computer program that modifies other programs to replicate itself and spread
(1993). "Measuring and modeling computer virus prevalence". Proceedings 1993 IEEE Computer Society Symposium on Research in Security and Privacy. pp. 2–15
Computer_virus
Authorization mechanism in computer security
is the process of a computer user handing over its authentication credentials to another user. In role-based access control models, delegation of authority
Delegation (computer security)
Delegation_(computer_security)
This glossary of computer science is a list of definitions of terms and concepts used in computer science, its sub-disciplines, and related fields, including
Glossary_of_computer_science
Software that manages computer hardware resources
is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. Time-sharing operating
Operating_system
Degree of resistance to, or protection from, harm
information security management scheme. Computer security, IT security, ICT security, and network security are thus all subdomains of information security. National
Security
Reliance on design or implementation secrecy for security
Swire, Peter P. (2004). "A Model for When Disclosure Helps Security: What is Different About Computer and Network Security?". Journal on Telecommunications
Security_through_obscurity
Information security model based on confidentiality, integrity, and availability
information security standards. The concept was introduced in the Anderson Report in 1972 and later repeated in The Protection of Information in Computer Systems
CIA_triad
information security addresses the economic aspects of privacy and computer security. Economics of information security includes models of the strictly
Economics_of_security
Topics referred to by the same term
Hedge fund § Fees paid to hedge funds) High-water mark (computer security), a computer security model wherein a document takes on the highest level of confidentiality
High water mark (disambiguation)
High_water_mark_(disambiguation)
2026 software security vulnerability
apply the patches before exploits (software that uses a security hole to compromise a computer) could be used. The vulnerabilities were independently discovered
PHP2Shell
Computer security standard to prevent cross-site scripting and related attacks
Content Security Policy (CSP) is a computer security standard introduced to prevent cross-site scripting (XSS), clickjacking and other code injection attacks
Content_Security_Policy
designers who lacked expertise in security concepts or usability. Traditionally, computer use was modeled as a human–computer dyad in which the two were connected
Human–computer_interaction
Distributed application structure in computing
servers, which await incoming requests. Examples of computer applications that use the client–server model are email, network printing, and the World Wide
Client–server_model
Branch of computer security
Internet security is a branch of computer security focused on the Internet. It includes browser security, web application security, and network security as
Internet_security
Process of incorporating security controls into an information system
as a security policy. Cybersecurity engineering and privacy engineering focus on information security, computer security, and network security, including
Security_engineering
DAC Take-Grant Model The Clark-Wilson Integrity Model Graham-Denning Model Security Modes of Operation "Mac_lomac". "LOMAC". Security Engineering, Ross
LOMAC
Security architecture
systems interconnection – Basic Reference Model – Part 2: Security architecture) are technically aligned. This model is widely recognized A more general definition
Security service (telecommunication)
Security_service_(telecommunication)
Concept in information security
in depth aims to ensure network security via a second-line of defence. For example, if an attacker penetrates a computer system at a given OSI layer (e
Defense_in_depth_(computing)
Authorized cyberattack for testing purposes
pentest, is an authorized simulated cyberattack on a computer system, performed live to evaluate the security of the system. The test is performed to identify
Penetration_test
Study of computation
cryptography and computer security involve studying the means for secure communication and preventing security vulnerabilities. Computer graphics and computational
Computer_science
Computer Security Association) began as NCSA (National Computer Security Association). Its mission was to increase awareness of the need for computer
International Computer Security Association
International_Computer_Security_Association
Model-driven security (MDS) means applying model-driven approaches (and especially the concepts behind model-driven software development) to security
Model-driven_security
Group that infiltrates its own institution to provide security and vulnerability feedback
through security 67 out of 70 times in 2015. Black hat (computer security) Blue team (computer security) Eligible Receiver 97 Exploit (computer security) Grey
Red_team
Organized collection of data in computing
languages, security and privacy of sensitive data, and distributed computing issues, including supporting concurrent access and fault tolerance. Computer scientists
Database
Function of specifying access rights and privileges to resources
or authorisation (see spelling differences), in information security, computer security and IAM (Identity and Access Management), is the function of
Authorization
Instructions a computer can execute
Software (SW) consists of computer programs that instruct the execution of a computer. Software also includes design documents and specifications. The
Software
Series of computer security standards
Rainbow Series (sometimes known as the Rainbow Books) is a series of computer security standards and guidelines published by the United States government
Rainbow_Series
In the computer security or Information security fields, there are a number of tracks a professional can take to demonstrate qualifications. Four sources
List of computer security certifications
List_of_computer_security_certifications
Topics referred to by the same term
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Hru or HRU may refer to: HRU (security), a computer security model Human Resources University, part of the United States Office
HRU
Process of securing digital information
a data breach. Data security protects computer hardware, software, storage devices, and the data of user devices. Data security also protects the data
Data_security
The model is based around the concept of a security domain, which represents a logical place where people work with information using a computer system
Domain_Based_Security
Model for disclosing computer security vulnerabilities
it is ethical hackers who find these vulnerabilities. Hackers and computer security scientists have the opinion that it is their social responsibility
Vulnerability_disclosure
Research field that lies at the intersection of machine learning and computer security
misspelling of "bad" words or the insertion of "good" words; attacks in computer security, such as obfuscating malware code within network packets or modifying
Adversarial_machine_learning
Malicious software
user's computer security and privacy without their knowledge. Researchers tend to classify malware into one or more sub-types (i.e. computer viruses
Malware
American artificial intelligence researcher
with Google DeepMind who has published research in the fields of computer security and machine learning. He is known for his work on adversarial machine
Nicholas_Carlini
DoD standard for computer security
effectiveness of computer security controls built into a computer system. The TCSEC was used to evaluate, classify, and select computer systems being considered
Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria
Trusted_Computer_System_Evaluation_Criteria
2026 information security incident
Reward hacking Rogue AI Sandbox (computer security) "OpenAI and Hugging Face partner to address security incident during model evaluation". OpenAI. July 21
OpenAI rogue agent breach of Hugging Face
OpenAI_rogue_agent_breach_of_Hugging_Face
British computer scientist (born 1966)
first Regius Professor of Computer Science, and the inaugural Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government on National Security. His research covers the
Nick Jennings (computer scientist)
Nick_Jennings_(computer_scientist)
Type of machine learning model
subfields of computer science, including robotics, software engineering, and societal impact work. In 2024, OpenAI released the reasoning model OpenAI o1
Large_language_model
American computer scientist
a professor of computer security at the Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto. Ristenpart received his B.S. in computer science and engineering
Thomas_Ristenpart
Computer security exercise
In computer security, Capture the Flag (CTF) is an exercise in which participants attempt to find text strings, called "flags", hidden in intentionally
Capture the flag (cybersecurity)
Capture_the_flag_(cybersecurity)
Computer providing a central resource or service
A server is a computer or software system that provides data, resources, or services to other computers called "clients" on a computer network. This architecture
Server_(computing)
2026 large language model by OpenAI
powerful model yet, and touts its ability to use your computer". Fortune. Retrieved September 3, 2026. "OpenAI begins rollout of new powerful AI model GPT-6
GPT-6
Method of computer access control
authentication in computer systems. A security token is an example of a possession factor. Disconnected tokens have no connections to the client computer. They typically
Multi-factor_authentication
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