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Tissue inside seeds that is starchy in cereals and liquid in coconuts
The endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most flowering plants following double fertilization. It is triploid (meaning three chromosome
Endosperm
Reproductive structure in plants
endosperm and the zygote. Right after fertilization, the zygote is mostly inactive, but the primary endosperm divides rapidly to form the endosperm tissue
Seed
Powder made from the grinding of wheat used for human consumption
made from the entire grain, including the bran, endosperm, and germ. Germ flour is made from the endosperm and germ, excluding the bran. To produce refined
Wheat_flour
Reproductive structure in flowering plants
other becomes the suspensor; a structure which forces the embryo into the endosperm and is later undetectable. Two small groups of cells also form at this
Flower
Cereal containing endosperm, germ and bran
pseudocereal that contains the endosperm, germ, and bran, in contrast to refined grains, which retain only the endosperm. As part of a general healthy
Whole_grain
Coarse, purified milled wheat
and germ while the starch (or endosperm) is cracked into coarse pieces in the process. Through sifting, these endosperm particles, the semolina, are separated
Semolina
Tissue layer in grain seeds
types of the endosperm, the aleurone layer. The aleurone layer is the outermost layer of the endosperm, followed by the inner starchy endosperm. This layer
Aleurone
Effect of pollen on seeds and fruits
pericarp, but at that time endosperm was also thought to be a maternal tissue, and the term became closely associated with endosperm effects. The term metaxenia
Xenia_(plants)
Coconut cultivar with little coconut water
naturally occurring coconut cultivar that has an abnormal development of the endosperm. The result of this abnormal development is a soft translucent jelly-like
Macapuno
Order of eudicot flowering plants
to their very early divergence. They possess seeds with little or no endosperm. The ovules are often atropic.[clarification needed] The oldest fossils
Proteales
Clear liquid inside coconuts
a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during the nuclear phase of development. As development continues, the endosperm matures into its cellular
Coconut_water
Variety of genetically modified rice
wild-type rice endosperm.) The psy and crtI genes were transferred into the rice nuclear genome and placed under the control of an endosperm-specific promoter
Golden_rice
Starch powder derived from corn (maize) grain
powder derived from corn (maize) grain. The starch is obtained from the endosperm of the kernel. It was developed in Scotland.[citation needed] Corn starch
Corn_starch
Cereal, seed, vegetable or root ground into powder
Cereal flour consists either of the endosperm, germ, and bran together, known as whole-grain flour, or of the endosperm alone, which is known as refined
Flour
Fruit of corn
used in cooking as a vegetable or a source of starch. A kernel comprises endosperm, germ, pericarp, and tip cap. One ear of corn contains roughly 800 kernels
Corn_kernel
Species of wheat used for food
its resistance of the grain to milling, in particular of the starchy endosperm, causing dough made from its flour to be weak or "soft".[citation needed]
Durum_wheat
Term used in the morphology of grasses
thin with high surface area, and serves to absorb nutrients from the endosperm during germination.[full citation needed][page needed] The scutellum is
Scutellum_(botany)
Hulled kernels of various cereal grains
cereal germ and fiber-rich bran portion of the grain, as well as the endosperm (which is the usual product of milling). Groats can also be produced from
Groat_(grain)
Clade of seed plants that produce flowers
having flowers, xylem consisting of vessel elements instead of tracheids, endosperm within their seeds, and fruits that completely envelop the seeds. The
Flowering_plant
Species of plant in the palm family
part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. Coconut endosperm contains a large quantity of a liquid, "coconut water". Mature coconuts
Coconut
Union of opposite-sex gametes in sexual reproduction to form a zygote
gamete combines with two haploid polar nuclei to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus by the process of vegetative fertilisation. In antiquity, Aristotle
Fertilisation
Method in analytical chemistry
5.95 Mung bean 6.25 Rye 5.83 Soybean 5.71 Sorghum 6.25 Velvet bean 6.25 Wheat: Whole kernel 5.83 Peanuts 5.46 Wheat: Bran 6.31 Wheat: Endosperm 5.70
Kjeldahl_method
Complex fertilization mechanism of flowering plants
primary endosperm cell (triple fusion). Some plants may form polyploid nuclei. The large cell of the gametophyte will then develop into the endosperm, a nutrient-rich
Double_fertilization
Female plant reproductive structure
in the megagametophyte forming a typically polyploid (often triploid) endosperm tissue, which serves as nourishment for the young sporophyte. An integument
Ovule
Type of corn kernel which expands and puffs upon heating
popcorn kernel's strong hull contains the seed's hard, starchy shell endosperm with 14–20% moisture, which turns to steam as the kernel is heated. Pressure
Popcorn
Variety of corn
mutation in the genes which control conversion of sugar to starch inside the endosperm of the corn kernel. Sweet corn is picked when still immature (the milk
Sweet_corn
Variety of coconut
wild in many areas of the country. The king coconut water, the liquid endosperm of young coconuts, is a nutritious beverage rich in sugars (mainly reducing
King_coconut
Type of wheat flour
needed] Maida is made from the endosperm: the starchy white part of the grain. The bran is separated from the germ and endosperm which is then refined by passing
Maida_(flour)
Variety of maize
in each kernel from which dent corn gets its name. To protect the soft endosperm, each kernel has a hard outer layer which is likened to being hard as
Flint_corn
Food processing and manufacturing
production. The main objective of the dry-milling process is to separate the endosperm, which is mainly composed of starch, from the germ and pericarp fibers
Dry milling and fractionation of grain
Dry_milling_and_fractionation_of_grain
Process after the fertilization of an ovule to produce a fully developed plant embryo
ovule, giving rise to two distinct structures: the plant embryo and the endosperm which go on to develop into a seed. The zygote undergoes a series of cellular
Plant_embryonic_development
Hard outer layers of cereal grain
outer hard layers – the combined aleurone and pericarp – surrounding the endosperm. Corn (maize) bran also includes the pedicel (tip cap). Along with the
Bran
Whole wheat kernel without the husk
wheatberry, is a whole wheat kernel, composed of the bran, germ, and endosperm, without the husk. Botanically, it is a type of fruit called a caryopsis
Wheat_berry
Species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae
trypsin inhibitor. The seed of the guar bean contains a large endosperm. This endosperm consists of a large polysaccharide of galactose and mannose. This
Guar
Flowers on short stalks along the stem
symmetry Whorl Fruit Anatomy Berry Capsule Nut Pyrena Seed Dispersal Endosperm Gametophyte Gynandrium Gynoecium Carpel Ovary Locule Ovule Stigma Style
Raceme
Ivory substitute made from the seeds of certain palm trees
Vegetable ivory or tagua nut is a product made from the very hard white endosperm of the seeds of certain palm trees. Vegetable ivory is named from its
Vegetable_ivory
Species of plant
velvety integument and a large nut-like endosperm 2–4 cm long inside. Fleshy seeds weigh about 5.5 g, the endosperm alone 3.8 g. It changes colour from yellow
Gnetum_gnemon
Seed-bearing part of a flowering plant
will give rise to the embryo of the seed, and the endosperm mother cell will give rise to endosperm, a nutritive tissue used by the embryo. Fruit formation
Fruit
Number assigned to food
fructose corn syrup, white bread (only from wheat endosperm), most white rice (only from rice endosperm), corn flakes, extruded breakfast cereals, maltose
Glycemic_index
glucose monomers, linked by glycosidic bonds. Glucans are abundant in the endosperm cell walls of cereals such as barley, rye, sorghum, rice, and wheat. Glucanases
Glucanase
Partially cooked rice
Parboiling drives nutrients, especially thiamine, from the bran to the endosperm, hence parboiled white rice is mostly nutritionally similar to brown rice
Parboiled_rice
Outer shell or coating of a seed
"kernel") is made up of three key edible parts – the bran, the germ, and the endosperm – which are all protected by an inedible husk that protects the kernel
Husk
Protein of corn
Corn gluten meal (CGM) is the principal protein of corn (maize) endosperm consisting mainly of zein and glutelin. It is a byproduct of corn processing
Corn_gluten_meal
Species of palm
In addition to the fibers, it is believed that the fruit and liquid endosperm within the seeds can help with fever reduction. "La chambira es una planta
Astrocaryum_chambira
Temporary anatomical structure in plants and fungi
connects the embryo to surrounding tissues and helps position it within the endosperm. The plant suspensor actively transports nutrients and growth hormones
Suspensor
Topics referred to by the same term
corn flour may refer to: Corn starch or cornflour (in the UK), from the endosperm of the kernel of the corn (maize) grain Maize flour or corn flour (in
Cornflour
Genus of palms
This and the first two of the common names refer to the very hard white endosperm of their seeds (tagua nuts or jarina seeds), which resembles elephant
Phytelephas
Polysaccharide used as a food additive
Cassia gum is the flour and food additives made from the endosperms of the seeds of Senna obtusifolia and Senna tora (also called Cassia obtusifolia or
Cassia_gum
Formation of nonviable progeny after hybridization of flowering plants
flowering plants that differ in ploidy. The barrier is established in the endosperm, a nutritive tissue in the seed supporting embryo growth. Triploid block
Triploid_block
Replication of the nuclear genome without mitosis
abortive oogenesis. However, reduction of endoreduplication in maize endosperm has limited effect on the accumulation of starch and storage proteins
Endoreduplication
Species of plant
its radially symmetric flowers, the superior ovary and the absence of endosperm in the seeds. The leaves are about 10 cm long and form a basal rosette
Brunonia
Small tree grown for its edible pods and landscaping
gum is produced from the endosperm, which accounts for 42–46% of the carob seed, and is rich in galactomannans (88% of endosperm dry mass). Galactomannans
Carob
root Corn grain length section, A=Pericarp, B=Aleurone, C=Tip cap, D=Endosperm, E=Coleorhiza, F=Radicle, G=Hypocotyl, H=Plumule, I=Scutellum, J=Coleoptile
Coleorhiza
Variety of corn
corn (Zea mays var. amylacea) is a variety of corn with a soft starchy endosperm and a thin pericarp. It is primarily used to make corn flour. This type
Flour_corn
Large family of flowering plants
the genus and species level. The mature seeds usually have little or no endosperm. The pollen of composites is typically echinolophate, a morphological
Asteraceae
Underground stem in which various plants asexually reproduce via budding
symmetry Whorl Fruit Anatomy Berry Capsule Nut Pyrena Seed Dispersal Endosperm Gametophyte Gynandrium Gynoecium Carpel Ovary Locule Ovule Stigma Style
Rhizome
Species of flowering plant
contains two to five stones, each stone holding a single seed. Seeds include endosperm. The native range of Skimmia japonica includes Japan, Taiwan, and Sakhalin
Skimmia_japonica
Embryonic leaf first appearing from a germinating seed
the seed that is specialized to absorb stored food from the adjacent endosperm. The coleoptile is a protective cap that covers the plumule (precursor
Cotyledon
Vegetable gum from the carob bean Ceratonia siliqua
break up while not affecting the more robust endosperm. The two are separated by sieving. The separated endosperm can then be milled by a roller operation
Locust_bean_gum
Reproductive part of a grass seed
foods. Non-whole grain methods of milling are intended to isolate the endosperm, which is ground into flour, with removal of both the husk (bran) and
Cereal_germ
livestock. Foods made from coconut include coconut meat, the white fleshy endosperm of the fruit; coconut milk, used for cooking; coconut water, and vinegar
Uses_of_the_coconut_palm
Species of herbaceous plant
(1998). A histological and structural study of Phacelia tanacetifolia endosperm in developing, mature, and germinating seed. International Journal of
Phacelia_tanacetifolia
By-product of wheat milling
researched for use as a biofuel. White flour is made entirely from the endosperm or protein/starchy part of the grain, leaving behind the germ and the
Wheat_middlings
Chemical compound
content varies by source and age. See ref for details. In grains, the endosperm contains most of the spermidine. One of the best known grain dietary sources
Spermidine
Seed of the coffee plant
Like Brazil nuts (a seed) and white rice, coffee beans consist mostly of endosperm. The two most economically important varieties of coffee plants are the
Coffee_bean
Family of flowering plants
(Bridgesia), or samaras (Acer). The embryos are bent or coiled, without endosperm in the seed, and frequently with an aril. Dodonaea viscosa flowers Rambutan
Sapindaceae
Family of flowering plants
europaea and thus catch in the fur of animals. The seeds have an oily endosperm and often contain essential oils, containing aromatic compounds that are
Apiaceae
Type of bread
made from ground wheat endosperm (after removal of the bran and germ). Whole grain breads include the bran, germ, and endosperm, therefore providing more
Sprouted_bread
glutelins) coming under the general name of gluten. Hordeins are found in the endosperm where one of their functions is to act as a storage unit. Hordeins are
Hordein
Process of refining whole-grain flour
smaller bran and germ elements that are also extracted along with the endosperm. “White flour”, extracted from whole grains by roller mills that eliminates
Flour_extraction
of bran and endosperm. After 10% of the whole grain's coarser outer-bran coat was removed, and because the innermost 70% of pure endosperm was reserved
Digestive_biscuit
Species of flowering plant
protective hairs surrounding them; it is bicarpellate, with two mericarps. Its endosperm grows before the embryo. The dried umbels can detach from the plant, and
Daucus_carota
Biological mechanism
significantly in size and in the degree of development of the seed coat and the endosperm. Larger seeds of stenospermocarpic grapes are referred to as rudimentary
Stenospermocarpy
Procedure for preparing corn to eat
the grain's protein matrix, which makes proteins and nutrients from the endosperm of the kernel more available to the human body. After cooking, the alkaline
Nixtamalization
Outermost layer of some cells
resorbed to supply the metabolic and growth needs of the plant. For example, endosperm cell walls in the seeds of cereal grasses, nasturtium and other species
Cell_wall
Set of diseases caused by gluten exposure
proteins, such as prolamins and glutelins, stored with starch in the endosperm of various cereal (grass) grains. As of 2017[update], gluten-related disorders
Gluten-related_disorders
Type of fruit
seedless fruits can also be produced using endosperm culture for the regeneration of triploid plantlets from endosperm tissue via somatic embryogenesis. The
Seedless_fruit
Hemicellulose found in cell walls of plants
of this endosperm arabinoxylan is extractable in water, giving rise to soluble dietary fiber. Arabinoxylans from tissues other than endosperm are structurally
Arabinoxylan
Material derived from the tusks and teeth of animals
usability. It is sometimes called vegetable ivory, or tagua, and is the seed endosperm of the ivory nut palm commonly found in coastal rainforests of Ecuador
Ivory
Species of plant
is a subglobose nut-like drupe 2mm, containing one seed with a fleshy endosperm. It exhibits myrmecochory which is dispersal of seeds by the agency of
Theligonum_cynocrambe
Species of flowering plant
Balfour in the 19th century. It was studied to improve understanding of endosperm formation in Hypericum, and the identification of a number of xanthone
Hypericum_mysorense
Genus of flowering plants
5 mm (0.20 in). The seeds are oval, brown, and contain large amounts of endosperm. Seeds are largely dispersed via animal vectors and readily germinate
Boquila
Traditional Finnish rye bread with a hole in the middle
metabolome of healthy Finnish subjects after intake of a sourdough fermented endosperm rye bread versus white wheat bread". Nutrition Journal. 10: 116. doi:10
Ruisreikäleipä
megagametophyte (the egg cell and the central cell) to produce the embryo and the endosperm. In Arabidopsis, actin-related proteins regulate female meiosis by modulating
Embryonic_sac
Type of field corn
by its sticky texture when cooked. It has big round kernels that have endosperms that are almost universally white, though the aleurone layers can sometimes
Waxy_corn
Apparatus that grinds grain into flour
serrated and flat rollers to separate the bran and germ from the endosperm. The endosperm is ground to create white flour, which may be recombined with the
Gristmill
Whole sweet corn, consumed as food
Latin American countries. In corn on the cob, the ear is picked while the endosperm is in the "milk stage" so that the kernels are still tender. Ears of corn
Corn_on_the_cob
Species of grass
Graybosch RA, Baltensperger DD (February 2009). "Evaluation of the waxy endosperm trait in proso millet". Plant Breeding. 128 (1): 70–73. doi:10.1111/j
Proso_millet
American geneticist
breeding, Jones conducted foundational studies on inbreeding, heterosis, and endosperm development in maize. He was the sole geneticist at the station from 1915
Donald_F._Jones
American molecular biologist
American plant molecular biologist recognized for contributions to maize endosperm development and seed protein biology. Larkins was born in Belleville,
Brian_A._Larkins
Family of flowering plants
with the seed shown in brown Seeds are small with thin testa with little endosperm, oily and proteinaceous, embryo thin and straight with two linear cotyledons
Platanaceae
Type of food
seal is suddenly broken, the entrained steam then flashes and bloats the endosperm of the kernel, increasing its volume to many times its original size.
Puffed_grain
Family of flowering plants
and both petioles and stipules are generally present. Their fruits lack endosperm and lie in a scaly or spiny husk that may or may not enclose the entire
Fagaceae
Genus of mistletoes
its of 4- or 5-merous flowers, versatile anthers, and the presence of endosperm. Further differences include fused cotyledons and the absence of epicortical
Tristerix
Type of flour mill
that had dominated the flour industry for centuries, the bran, germ, and endosperm elements of grain are processed into a nutritious whole wheat flour in
Unifine_mill
medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil. It is prepared from the dried, solid endosperm of the fruit Cocos nucifera (coconut tree) via hydrolysis, fractionation
Viscoleo
Type of wheat flour
includes every component of the grain, meaning the bran, germ and the endosperm. Atta was traditionally ground in the home on a stone chakki mill. This
Atta_(flour)
(FWGP), is a concentrated extract of wheat germ derived from the germ (endosperm, or seed) of the wheat plant. FWGE differs from ordinary wheat germ in
Fermented_wheat_germ_extract
Polysaccharide
β-glucans are water-soluble mixed-linkage β-glucans derived from the endosperm of oat kernels known for their dietary contribution as components of soluble
Oat_beta-glucan
Asexual development of seed in botany
fertilization to form the endosperm, pseudogamous gametophytic apomixis, or in autonomous gametophytic apomixis endosperm fertilization is not required
Apomixis
ENDOSPERM
ENDOSPERM
ENDOSPERM
ENDOSPERM
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Servant of Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Small
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Gold Bodied
Male
Egyptian
, the father of a high-priest of Amen Ra.
Biblical
a servant; servitude
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Powerful; The Supreme God
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Immortal Lamp
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Sindhi
Gift; Grant; Donation
Biblical
productive; fruitful
Girl/Female
Arabic
Looking out for Someone
ENDOSPERM
ENDOSPERM
ENDOSPERM
ENDOSPERM
ENDOSPERM
n.
The albumen of a seed; -- limited by recent writers to that formed within the embryo sac.
a.
Relating to, accompanied by, or containing, endosperm.
n.
A carbohydrate of the glucose group found in the thickened endosperm of certain seeds, and extracted as yellow sirup having a sweetish-bitter taste.