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Batch cryptography is a field of cryptology focused on the design of cryptographic protocols that perform operations—such as encryption, decryption, key
Batch_cryptography
obfuscation Batch cryptography Chaotic cryptology Multivariate cryptography Post-quantum cryptography Quantum cryptography Steganography Visual cryptography Japanese
Outline_of_cryptography
Form of encryption that allows computation on ciphertexts
Homomorphic encryption can be viewed as an extension of public-key cryptography, because ciphertexts can be manipulated algebraically to produce an encrypted
Homomorphic_encryption
Encrypted information
In cryptography, ciphertext or cyphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher. Ciphertext is also known
Ciphertext
Cryptographic software in OpenBSD
The OpenBSD Cryptographic Framework (OCF) is a service virtualization layer for the uniform management of cryptographic hardware by an operating system
OpenBSD Cryptographic Framework
OpenBSD_Cryptographic_Framework
Data encryption and authentication program
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is an encryption program that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication for data communication. PGP is used for signing
Pretty_Good_Privacy
Computer security method
fields. Usually, this refers to mathematical proofs, which are common in cryptography. In such a proof, the capabilities of the attacker are defined by an
Provable_security
Israeli cryptographer (born 1971)
research on cryptography with a focus on the theory of secure computation and its application in practice. Lindell currently leads the cryptography team at
Yehuda_Lindell
Digital signature scheme
In public-key cryptography, Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) is a digital signature scheme using a variant of Schnorr signature based
EdDSA
Information retrieval using cryptography
In cryptography, a private information retrieval (PIR) protocol is a protocol that allows a user to retrieve an item from a server in possession of a database
Private_information_retrieval
Cryptographer
Extractors (UCE) Big-key cryptography Chameleon hash functions Wiretap channel Functional encryption Electronic payment systems Batch verification On September
Mihir_Bellare
Free and open-source anonymity network
project regularly presented at scientific conferences in cybersecurity and cryptography, including USENIX, NDSS, and Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium
Nym_(mixnet)
Communication protocol for cryptographic keys
communication protocol that defines message formats for the manipulation of cryptographic keys on a key management server. This facilitates data encryption by
Key Management Interoperability Protocol
Key_Management_Interoperability_Protocol
Attack model for cryptanalysis with presumed access to ciphertexts for chosen plaintexts
under chosen-plaintext attack (IND-CPA). With an IND-CPA property, the cryptographic scheme is resistant to an attacker that has access to the encryption
Chosen-plaintext_attack
File format for storing file checksums
the MD5 and SHA-1 cryptographic hash functions respectively. Even a single-bit error causes both SFV's CRC and md5sum's cryptographic hash to fail, requiring
Simple_file_verification
Topics referred to by the same term
small quantity of something to something else for various reasons Salt (cryptography), a method to secure passwords Salted bomb, a nuclear weapon specifically
Salting
Israeli software company
StarkWare Industries is an Israeli software company that specializes in cryptography. It develops zero-knowledge proof technology that compresses information
StarkWare_Industries
American computer scientist and cryptographer (born 1955)
scientist, cryptographer, and inventor. He is known as a pioneer in cryptography and privacy-preserving technologies and widely recognized as the inventor
David_Chaum
authentication, and non-repudiation are central to modern cryptography. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics
Glossary_of_computer_science
Unique code assigned for identification of a single unit
quality control, as once a defect is found in the production of a particular batch of product, the serial number will identify which units are affected. Some
Serial_number
Rules governing the functioning of cryptocurrency
create new bitcoins and verify transactions; and cryptographic security. Users broadcast cryptographically signed messages to the network using bitcoin cryptocurrency
Bitcoin_protocol
Method for dividing a secret among multiple parties
maintaining enough security to be considered as secure as other common cryptographic primitives. For example, they might allow secrets to be protected by
Secret_sharing
Randomly determined process
telecommunications, chemistry, ecology, neuroscience, physics, and cryptography. It is also used in finance, medicine, linguistics, music, media, colour
Stochastic
Type of cryptography protocol
In cryptography, an oblivious transfer (OT) protocol is a type of protocol in which a sender transfers one of potentially many pieces of information to
Oblivious_transfer
Distributed data store for digital transactions
applicable) Blocks hold batches of valid transactions that are hashed and encoded into a Merkle tree. Each block includes the cryptographic hash of the prior
Blockchain
American computer scientist known for Unix (1941–2011)
Language (Report). Bell Labs. Retrieved October 31, 2016. "Dabbling in Cryptography". Bell Labs. May 5, 2000. Retrieved November 14, 2016. Musil, Steven
Dennis_Ritchie
American entrepreneur and venture capitalist (born 1967)
Soon thereafter, Nosek's friend Max Levchin described to Thiel his cryptography-related company idea, which became their first venture called Fieldlink
Peter_Thiel
Interactive theorem prover software
proof checking systems. Automated proof checking can be done either as a batch operation, or interactively, as part of an interactive theorem proving system
Proof_assistant
Routing protocol
mix nodes. Each message is encrypted to each proxy using public key cryptography; the resulting encryption is layered like a Russian doll (except that
Mix_network
Control system architecture for supervision of machines and processes
SCADA devices. In many cases, the control protocol lacks any form of cryptographic security, allowing an attacker to control a SCADA device by sending
SCADA
Open-source blockchain computing platform
every 12 seconds, a batch of new transactions, known as a "block", is processed by the network. Each block contains a cryptographic hash identifying the
Ethereum
Non paper-based authority or certificate
terminologies used in the fields of computer science, computer security, and cryptography, the term "digital credential" is used quite confusingly in these fields
Digital_credential
Cryptanalyst, mathematician and professor
Forces) high command, although as an astronomer he knew nothing about cryptography and cryptanalysis. Professor Otto Heckmann, director of the Hamburg Observatory
Walter_Fricke
Equations in differential cryptanalysis
In cryptography, differential equations of addition (DEA) are one of the most basic equations related to differential cryptanalysis that mix additions
Differential equations of addition
Differential_equations_of_addition
American artificial intelligence researcher
System), Dan Boneh (using machine learning to sync videos, later teaching cryptography on Coursera), Bernd Girod (ClassX), and others. Outside Stanford, Ng
Andrew_Ng
Files on Jeffrey Epstein and his affiliates
jeeproject@yahoo.com, spanning from 2002 through 2022. The outlet used cryptographic verification, metadata analysis, and corroboration with external sources
Epstein_files
Linux-based 2020 Smartphone
"Chestnut", and "Dogwood". The fifth batch, "Evergreen", would be the official mass-production model, while the sixth batch, "Fir", would be the second mass-production
Librem_5
Military unit
defence24.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 4 June 2025. "Poland to receive first batch of K239 Chunmoo MLRS in August - Defence Industry Europe". 9 June 2023.
List of equipment of the Polish Land Forces
List_of_equipment_of_the_Polish_Land_Forces
Financial software application
Rules engine based EMV script management * Key Management System (KMS) - Cryptography key management for magnetic and EMV chip cards * Offer Management System
VisionPLUS
Danish physicist and educator (born 1959)
the developing fields of quantum information processing and quantum cryptography." Of the developmental implications, "This feat, the sharing around of
Lene_Hau
Stream cipher
and F. Muller, Phelix: Fast Encryption and Authentication in a Single Cryptographic Primitive (includes source code) T. Good, W. Chelton, M. Benaissa: Review
Phelix
File transfer software for Windows
protocols over SSH, FTP protocol, WebDAV protocol and Amazon S3 protocol. Batch file scripting, command-line interface, and .NET wrapper Can act as a remote
WinSCP
Fictitious name used for a particular purpose
(Nick)Name)" or "nickname". On the Internet, pseudonymous remailers use cryptography that achieves persistent pseudonymity, so that two-way communication
Pseudonym
Privacy-focused encrypted messaging app
Diffie–Hellman key exchange, and Supersingular isogeny key exchange as cryptographic primitives. Messages are encrypted in two layers. The inner layer is
Xx_messenger
Family of wideband secure voice systems
an ongoing controversy within NSA about the desirability of fielding cryptographic equipment that was not classified. NSA cryptoperiod doctrine called
NESTOR_(encryption)
Standard for content distribution and digital rights management
the Internet, allowing decryption by unlicensed software. AACS uses cryptography to control and restrict the use of digital media. It encrypts content
Advanced Access Content System
Advanced_Access_Content_System
Data structure for approximate set membership
designed to store location information, especially in the context of cryptographic protocols for location privacy. However, the main characteristic of
Bloom_filter
2009 video game
interact with remote objects such as vent covers or to grab enemies. The Cryptographic Sequencer is used to override security panels, open new paths, or disable
Batman:_Arkham_Asylum
German infantry fighting vehicle
80/90 cryptographic radios. Marder 1 A1A2: A converted Marder 1 with A1 turret and A2 chassis Marder 1 A1A5: A Marder A1A2 with SEM 80/90 cryptographic radios
Marder (infantry fighting vehicle)
Marder_(infantry_fighting_vehicle)
Engineering institute in Chennai, India
by V. Gopalan (I Batch, President), C.J.G. Chandra (I Batch, VP), P.S. Subramanian (6th Batch, Secretary) and B. Venkatraman (4th Batch, Treasurer). K.
Madras Institute of Technology
Madras_Institute_of_Technology
American digital asset and data center infrastructure company
more than 1.6 gigawatts. In March 2026, ERCOT published PGRR145, titled "Batch Zero Process for Large Load Interconnections", a proposed transitional process
Galaxy_Digital_(company)
Free and open-source software portal Comparison of cryptography libraries Graphics library Harbour libraries and tools List of .NET libraries and frameworks
List of open-source code libraries
List_of_open-source_code_libraries
Software that supports computer infrastructure
One nearly universal type of archive file format is the zip file. Cryptographic Encrypts and decrypts streams and files. Data compression Outputs a
Utility_software
Technique to mark material as AI-generated
his scheme, the sampling of successive tokens is steered by a keyed cryptographic pseudorandom function, so that the model's authorship can later be demonstrated
AI_watermarking
Core of a computer operating system
components. A full kernel controls all hardware resources (e.g. I/O, memory, cryptography) via device drivers, arbitrates conflicts between processes concerning
Kernel_(operating_system)
American stealth air superiority fighter
Concurrently, OFP updates added Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System, cryptographic enhancements, and improved avionics stability, among others. A MIDS-JTRS
Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor
Computer malware timeline
Laboratory of Cryptography of Systems Security (CrySyS). 14 October 2011. "Statement on Duqu's initial analysis". Laboratory of Cryptography of Systems Security
Timeline of computer viruses and worms
Timeline_of_computer_viruses_and_worms
Failure mode of digital cash schemes
and diminish user trust in the currency. There are many fundamental cryptographic techniques to prevent double-spending while preserving anonymity in
Double-spending
Type of two-dimensional barcode
issuing jurisdictions. A digital apostille is a PDF document with a cryptographic signature containing a QR code for a canonical URL of the original document
QR_code
Open-source software development kit
jobs interactively with lower overhead between them, or submit jobs in batch mode for parallel execution in the queue. These modes provide flexibility
Qiskit
Peer-to-peer file sharing protocol
BitTorrent protocol. The main reason for the update was that the old cryptographic hash function, SHA-1, is no longer considered safe from malicious attacks
BitTorrent
Method of externally opening ports on a firewall
combination with knock attempt-limiting, longer or more complex sequences and cryptographic hashes, makes successful port access attempts extremely difficult. Once
Port_knocking
News leak publishing organisation
blogger Ryan Singel claimed that after the website relaunched, its cryptographic security had degraded. In October 2010 the server WikiLeaks used to
WikiLeaks
company of Renault FT received in 1921 or 1928. Renault R35 - 100; two batches of fifty each in February and March 1940. Vickers 6-ton – used 16 Type
List of equipment of the Turkish Land Forces
List_of_equipment_of_the_Turkish_Land_Forces
Programmable digital computer used to control machinery
critical vulnerability affecting its Logix controller family. The secret cryptographic key used to verify communication between the PLC and workstation could
Programmable_logic_controller
1932–1945 Japanese puppet state in northern China
5 million Japanese to Manchukuo between 1936 and 1956. Between 1938 and 1942 a batch of young farmers of 200,000 arrived in Manchukuo; joining this group after
Manchukuo
one hidden inside the card's material. During MM code verification, a cryptographic operation is performed to check that the MM code on the magnetic stripe
MM_code
Short-range wireless technology standard
0 or earlier device. Secure Simple Pairing uses a form of public-key cryptography, and some types can help protect against man in the middle, or MITM attacks
Bluetooth
Indian national space and aeronautics agency
based quantum communication over 300m free space along with real time cryptographic applications". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 27 June 2025. "End of cybercrime
ISRO
Class of programmable logic device
signal processing, medical imaging, computer vision, speech recognition, cryptography, bioinformatics, computer hardware emulation, and aerospace. Since FPOAs
Field-programmable object array
Field-programmable_object_array
Technology to decrypt pay television channels
addition of a CAM in a DTV receiver to adapt it to different kinds of cryptography. The EN 50221 specification allows many types of modules but only the
Common_Interface
Worldwide computer-based distributed discussion system
on the original Usenet network would connect only once or twice a day to batch-transfer messages in and out. This is largely because the POTS network was
Usenet
World War II Allied nuclear weapons program
producing plutonium, the pilot separation plant was put to the test. The first batch was processed at 40% efficiency but over the next few months this was raised
Manhattan_Project
Topics referred to by the same term
Fluhrer, Mantin and Shamir attack, a cryptographic attack on the RC4 stream cipher FORTRAN Monitor System, a batch processing operating system Freenet
FMS
Nano-scale semiconductor particles
(GaAs). Such quantum dots have the potential for applications in quantum cryptography (that is, single-photon sources) and quantum computation. The main limitations
Quantum_dot
Mail sent using electronic means
smartphone or a PC, or Apple Mac device via the user agent string. There are cryptography applications that can serve as a remedy to one or more of the above.
Airborne warfare throughout World War II
service in April 1942, despite an ongoing series of engine fires in the small batch of A-0 series production prototype aircraft. This deficiency, along with
Strategic bombing during World War II
Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II
Internal Coordinate Mechanics OctaDist Spinach Apache Flink – stream and batch data processing framework Apache Hadoop – distributed storage and processing
List of free and open-source software packages
List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages
Array of logic gates that are reprogrammable
2016-06-03. Retrieved 2018-11-02. "CrypTech: Building Transparency into Cryptography t" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-08-07. Mann, Tobias
Field-programmable_gate_array
Form of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices
addressed problems 1 and 2 above, since a company can simply order a large batch of fresh PROM chips and program them with the desired contents at its designers'
Read-only_memory
1916 major naval battle during World War I
shells, which remained in use up to 1944, meant that, statistically, a batch of shells of which 70% were faulty stood an even chance of being accepted
Battle_of_Jutland
Type of anonymous remailer
cryptographers, and computer scientists who believed in the use of cryptography as a means to safeguard privacy and resist government interference. They
Cypherpunk_anonymous_remailer
Naval campaign in World War II
War Interrogations and Captured Material, Principally German: Volume 2 – Notes on German High Level Cryptography and Cryptanalysis; see footnote 3 p. 2.
Battle_of_the_Atlantic
to Simon Singh, Muslim mathematicians also made important advances in cryptography, such as the development of cryptanalysis and frequency analysis by Alkindus
History_of_computer_science
Electronic tracking technology
ask for a cryptographically coded response from the tag. The protocols used during CRA can be symmetric, or may use public key cryptography. While a variety
Radio-frequency identification
Radio-frequency_identification
Supply chain document
results (e.g., test outcomes or certificates). Some DMP approaches use cryptographic methods (such as digital signatures and tamper-evident proofs) to provide
Material_passport
Software tool for managing X.509 certification authorities
TinyCA, can be imported with all their data. It has a CLI intended for batch certificate creation, or integration with other utilities. gnoMint is licensed
GnoMint
Pakistan Army training formation on signals & computers
training and engineering education on signals intelligence and processing, cryptography, cyber security, computers, electronics, and telecommunication engineering
Military_College_of_Signals
Machine for shuffling playing cards
continuously, and batch shufflers or automatic shuffling machines (ASMs), which shuffle an entire single pack in a single operation. Batch shufflers are more
Shuffling_machine
Type of voting by election mechanism
Moscow Internet Voting System (PDF). Financial Cryptography 2020 – via International Financial Cryptography Association. Anderson, Ross (21 February 2020)
Electronic_voting
Bitcoin's ability to handle transaction volume
quickly using a separate network and then updating the bitcoin blockchain in batches. The block size limit, and the proof-of-work difficulty adjustment settings
Bitcoin_scalability
1946–1954 French colonial war in Indochina
of 94 F4U-7s were built for the Aéronavale in 1952, with the last of the batch, the final Corsair built, rolled out in December 1952. The F4U-7s were actually
First_Indochina_War
Norwegian surface-to-air missile system
Systems – Low Volume Terminal (MIDS LVT) Block Upgrade 2; and 12 MIDS LVT Cryptographic Modules. Approved by U.S. Department of State as a Foreign Military
NASAMS
Ensemble learning method
class project, December 1988) Michael Kearns; Leslie Valiant (1989). "Cryptographic limitations on learning Boolean formulae and finite automata". Proceedings
Boosting_(machine_learning)
unit record machines. Such machines were used during World War II for cryptographic statistical processing, as well as a vast number of administrative uses
History_of_computing_hardware
are assigned to Content Objects by content publishers. Signatures are cryptographic bindings between a name, a payload, and the Key ID of the publisher
Content_centric_networking
provider CSP—Communicating sequential processes CSP—Cryptographic Service Provider CSPRNG—Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator CSR—Certificate
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
File archive computer program
comparison, archive encryption, checksum/hash files, find duplicate files, batch renaming, system benchmarking, random passwords/keyfiles generation, view
PeaZip
Object used to achieve a goal
of clocks and watches and scientific instrument makers to enable them to batch-produce small mechanisms. Before the advent of machine tools, metal was
Tool
Facet of American elections
Moscow Internet Voting System (PDF). Financial Cryptography 2020 – via International Financial Cryptography Association. Anderson, Ross (February 21, 2020)
Electronic voting in the United States
Electronic_voting_in_the_United_States
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