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Rules governing the functioning of cryptocurrency
The bitcoin protocol is the set of rules that govern the functioning of bitcoin. Its key components and principles are: a peer-to-peer decentralized network
Bitcoin_protocol
Privacy protocol
to the Bitcoin protocol that would improve Bitcoin transactions' anonymity by having coin-mixing capabilities natively built into the protocol.[citation
Zerocoin_protocol
be a pseudonym for the person or people who designed the original bitcoin protocol in 2007 then released the whitepaper in 2008 and finally launched the
History_of_bitcoin
2011–2013 darknet market
through a vulnerability in Bitcoin protocol called "transaction malleability". While the site remained online, all the bitcoins in its escrow accounts, valued
Silk_Road_(marketplace)
Payment protocol for Bitcoin
The Lightning Network (LN) is a payment protocol built on the bitcoin blockchain. It is intended to enable fast transactions among participating nodes
Lightning_Network
Cryptocurrency buried in city in Wales
mistakenly disposed of a laptop hard drive containing the private key for 8,000 Bitcoin in the Docksway landfill in Newport, Wales. Howells subsequently assembled
Bitcoin buried in Newport landfill
Bitcoin_buried_in_Newport_landfill
Decentralized cryptocurrency in El Salvador
El Salvador was the first country in the world to use bitcoin as legal tender, after it was adopted as such by the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador
Bitcoin_in_El_Salvador
Digital asset using a distributed ledger
described altcoins in 2020 as "alternative versions of Bitcoin" given its role as the model protocol for cryptocurrency designers. A Polytechnic University
Cryptocurrency
Contractual transaction on a decentralized platform
original Ethereum white paper by Vitalik Buterin in 2014 describes the Bitcoin protocol as a weak version of the smart contract concept as originally defined
Smart_contract
Bitcoin forks are defined variantly as changes in the protocol of the Bitcoin network or as the situations that occur "when two or more blocks have the
List_of_bitcoin_forks
Cryptocurrency
open source cryptocurrency. It is an altcoin that was forked from the Bitcoin protocol. It is also a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) run by a
Dash_(cryptocurrency)
Decentralized digital cryptocurrency
other symbols. Bitcoin (abbreviation: BTC; sign: ₿) is the first decentralized cryptocurrency. Based on a free-market ideology, bitcoin was invented in
Bitcoin
Decentralized social networking protocol
integration with the Lightning Network, a separate payment protocol that operates over the Bitcoin network, allowing the sending and requesting of small payments
Nostr
Full node software client for Bitcoin Cash
Bitcoin Unlimited (BU) is a full node implementation for Bitcoin Cash networks. The Bitcoin Core client, from which Bitcoin Unlimited is forked, has a
Bitcoin_Unlimited
Topics referred to by the same term
enables sending Bitcoin (the currency) and implements the P2P protocol (also called Bitcoin) and its consensus rules (also called Bitcoin) Bitcoin (film), an
Bitcoin_(disambiguation)
Decentralized cryptocurrency exchange
Uniswap is a decentralized cryptocurrency exchange protocol built on the Ethereum blockchain. It enables the automated trading of digital assets through
Uniswap
Bitcoin's ability to handle transaction volume
proof-of-work difficulty adjustment settings of bitcoin's consensus protocol, constitutes a bottleneck in bitcoin's transaction processing capacity. This can
Bitcoin_scalability
Cryptocurrency platform
to follow the naming convention of BTC for Bitcoin. The technology of the "XRP Ledger Consensus Protocol" was formally established in 2012. In May 2018
XRP_Ledger
Protocol for use with Bitcoin transactions
Coins is an open-source protocol that allows users to represent and manipulate immutable digital resources on top of Bitcoin transactions. They are a
Colored_Coins
System that regulates the formation of blocks on a blockchain
decentralized P2P protocol for tracking transfers of coins, rather than the hardware trusted computing function used by RPoW. Bitcoin has better trustworthiness
Proof_of_work
Since the creation of bitcoin in 2009, the number of new cryptocurrencies has expanded rapidly. The UK's Financial Conduct Authority estimated there were
List_of_cryptocurrencies
Cryptocurrency aimed at privacy
from bitcoin. Zcash was one of the first large-scale implementations of zero-knowledge proofs outside of academia. Zcash is modeled on bitcoin, sharing
Zcash
Canadian-Antiguan entrepreneur
Ayre maintains that although Bitcoin SV (Satoshi Vision) trades under the ticker BSV, it is the original Bitcoin protocol because it hasn't undergone the
Calvin_Ayre
Comic character and Internet meme
Pepe Wallet is the Counterparty platform, which is built upon the Bitcoin protocol. "Rare Pepe Directory" was a directory built to catalog all known rare
Pepe_the_Frog
gestures. The Harlem Shake dance: The Bitcoin protocol: It was questioned whether or not the Bitcoin protocol can morph into virtual collective consciousness
Virtual collective consciousness
Virtual_collective_consciousness
Cryptocurrency
Kim. Before the official launch, McCaleb formed a website called "Secret Bitcoin Project" seeking alpha testers. The nonprofit Stellar Development Foundation
Stellar_(payment_network)
Software company
Too Late". TechCrunch. Johnson, Steven (January 16, 2018). "Beyond the Bitcoin Bubble". New York Times Magazine. Claburn, Thomas. "W3C's Robin Berjon
Protocol_Labs
Distributed data store for digital transactions
exactly 12 seconds, while for bitcoin it is on average 10 minutes. A hard fork is a change to the blockchain protocol that is not backward compatible
Blockchain
Privacy-focused cryptocurrency
Monero, other privacy-enhanced cryptocurrencies, the Bitcoin Lightning Network, or other "layer 2" protocol. The contract was awarded to blockchain analysis
Monero
Bitcoin was designed by its pseudonymous inventor, Satoshi Nakamoto, to work as a currency, but its status as a currency is disputed. Economists define
Economics_of_bitcoin
World Wide Web content existing on darknets
presence as well as political discussion forums. Sites associated with Bitcoin, fraud-related services, and mail order services are some of the most prolific
Dark_web
American cryptographer and security technologist (born 1976)
anonymous cryptocurrency protocol. Zerocoin is a proposed extension to the Bitcoin protocol that would add anonymity to Bitcoin transactions. Zerocoin provides
Matthew_D._Green
American technologist and cryptographer (1980–2011)
towards cryptography and protocol development. It is speculated that he may have been the anonymous creator of the Bitcoin network. Sassaman graduated
Len_Sassaman
British cryptographer and cypherpunk (born 1970)
the bitcoin mining process. An investigation by The New York Times suggested that he may be Satoshi Nakamoto, the pseudonymous inventor of bitcoin, though
Adam_Back
Networking protocol for clock synchronization
DNSSEC, various caching schemes (such as DNS cache), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Bitcoin[citation needed] and a number of persistent login schemes. NTP
Network_Time_Protocol
Computer method for ticket purchase
2022-05-16. ""Bitcoin of ticketing" raises $20m in ICO". Imperial College London. Retrieved 2018-05-06. "BlocSide Sports first to trial Aventus Protocol". www
Aventus_(protocol)
American entrepreneur (born 1973)
Geron, Tomio (2022-05-12). "David Marcus' Lightspark is a big bet on bitcoin". Protocol.com. Retrieved 2022-09-01. "Former Facebook exec says Diem/Libra stablecoin
David_A._Marcus
Application layer cryptocurrency protocol
application layer protocol designed for use with cryptocurrencies that aims to solve specific problems identified in Bitcoin. The protocol powers several
CryptoNote
Bitcoin community in 2011. In February 2014, Japanese Bitcoin exchange Mt. Gox revealed that they had been targeted by an exploit in Bitcoin protocol
Transaction malleability problem
Transaction_malleability_problem
current 10 minute block, yielding them a reward in bitcoins. A transition to the proof-of-stake protocol, which has better energy efficiency, has been described
Environmental impact of bitcoin
Environmental_impact_of_bitcoin
Event in a blockchain
source code fork of Bitcoin, Monero fork of Bytecoin and Dogecoin fork of Litecoin. A hard fork is a change to the blockchain protocol that is not backward
Fork_(blockchain)
Cryptocurrency
malicious coding attack on the Zerocoin protocol created 370,000 fake tokens which perpetrators sold for over 400 Bitcoins ($440,000). Zcoin team announced that
Firo_(cryptocurrency)
Social network hijacking for bitcoin scam
high-profile Twitter accounts were compromised by outside parties to promote a bitcoin scam. Hackers used social engineering against Twitter employees to gain
2020 Twitter account hijacking
2020_Twitter_account_hijacking
The name of the protocol may also be the name of the primary or original application software that uses it. Comparison of file-sharing applications Steier
List_of_P2P_protocols
Cryptocurrency pegged to the United States dollar
Ethereum, EOS, Liquid Network, Near, Polygon, Solana, Bitcoin Cash's Standard Ledger Protocol, Statemint, Tezos, and Tron.[non-primary source needed]
Tether_(cryptocurrency)
Decentralized microblogging software
encryption to safeguard communications. Based on BitTorrent and Bitcoin-like protocols, it has been likened to a distributed version of Twitter. In 2020
Twister_(software)
numbers used by protocols for operation of network applications. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) only need
List of TCP and UDP port numbers
List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers
American cryptocurrency entrepreneur
members which became known as the Ripple protocol, which differs from the mining technique used in bitcoin. He recruited David Schwartz and secured an
Jed_McCaleb
Highest layer of network communication models
Extensible Exchange Protocol Bitcoin BitTorrent CFDP, Coherent File Distribution Protocol CoAP, Constrained Application Protocol DDS, Data Distribution
Application_layer
Open-source blockchain computing platform
cryptocurrency of the platform. Among cryptocurrencies, ether is second only to bitcoin in market capitalization. It is open-source software. Ethereum was conceived
Ethereum
Federal financial regulations
European Union, the inherent nature of the Bitcoin protocol allows for pseudonymous transfers of Bitcoins to or from anywhere in the world, so illegal
Virtual currency law in the United States
Virtual_currency_law_in_the_United_States
Failure mode of digital cash schemes
double-spending as the result of majority attacks on proof-of-work protocols: Bitcoin In March 2013, Bitcoin experienced the first known example of a cryptocurrency
Double-spending
Political scandal
The 2025 Czech government Bitcoin scandal was a scandal in the Czech Republic that involved a donation of 468 Bitcoins to the country's Ministry of Justice
2025 Czech government Bitcoin scandal
2025_Czech_government_Bitcoin_scandal
Cryptocurrency platform
a DeFi platform and Internet protocol built on top of the Bitcoin blockchain. It was one of the most well-known "Bitcoin 2.0" (later known as non-fungible
Counterparty_(platform)
Blockchain protocol and payment platform
expenditure of the LFO bitcoin reserves still remains unclear. Likely causes of the collapse included mass withdrawals from the Anchor Protocol days before the
Terra_(blockchain)
Israeli computer scientist
mechanisms that underpin the Bitcoin protocol, which was published in "Bitcoin’s Underlying Incentives". Their work examined Bitcoin's economic incentives for
Yonatan_Sompolinsky
Soft fork change in the transaction format of Bitcoin
transaction format of bitcoin. SegWit had Bitcoin Improvement Proposal number BIP 141. The declared purpose was to prevent nonintentional bitcoin transaction malleability;
SegWit
Use of widely distributed computer resources to reach a common goal
perform only the specific cryptographic hash computation required by the Bitcoin protocol. Grid computing offers a way to solve Grand Challenge problems such
Grid_computing
Financial services with no central authority
US regulators. The evolution of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) began with Bitcoin in 2009 and matured with Ethereum’s 2015 launch, which introduced smart
Decentralized_finance
American programmer and author of the BitTorrent protocol
the peer-to-peer (P2P) BitTorrent protocol in 2001, as well as the first file sharing program to use the protocol, also known as BitTorrent. He is also
Bram_Cohen
American financial services company
stocks and bitcoin, and file taxes. Block also owns Afterpay, a buy now, pay later business; Bitkey, a self-custody bitcoin wallet; Proto, a bitcoin mining
Block,_Inc.
contemporary artwork for digital currency. The work is dedicated to anonymous bitcoin protocol creator Satoshi Nakamoto. In March 2014 the work was sold to a Seattle
Kuno_Goda
Defunct Bitcoin exchange based in Japan
Mt. Gox was a bitcoin exchange based in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan. Launched in 2010, it was handling over 70% of all bitcoin transactions worldwide by early
Mt._Gox
American entrepreneur (born 1977)
he was invited to speak at the Bitcoin Conference stating that he desires to live until the year 2140, the last Bitcoin halving, when he would be 163.
Bryan_Johnson
Russian-Canadian programmer (born 1994)
interest grew in the new protocol in late 2013 and early 2014. Buterin announced Ethereum more publicly at the North American Bitcoin Conference in Miami on
Vitalik_Buterin
Base protocol of a blockchain network
finalize cryptocurrency transactions without relying on another blockchain. Bitcoin was the first Layer-1 blockchain. Others, such as Ethereum, Solana, and
Layer-1_blockchain
American co-founder of Samourai Wallet
analogy for it is like smelting gold. You take your bitcoin, you add it into [the conjoin protocol] Whirlpool, and Whirlpool smelts it into new pieces
Keonne_Rodriguez
American blockchain technology company
work cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin) to operate the Chia blockchain and the proof-of-space-and-time consensus protocol. The process is described as "farming"
Chia_Network
Cryptocurrency system
Partner for Secure, Private Cross-Chain Transactions – Privacy Bitcoin News". Bitcoin News. Retrieved 2025-06-17. "Zano, privacy L1, partnered with Cake
Zano_(blockchain_platform)
Cryptocurrency, whose blockchain operates the .bit TLD
is a cryptocurrency originally forked from bitcoin software. It uses proof-of-work algorithm. Like bitcoin, it is limited to 21 million coins. Namecoin
Namecoin
Bitcoin exchange based in the UK
"How to purchase Bitcoins with Bitstamp". TechRadar. Retrieved May 4, 2025. Sherif, Mostafa Hashem (December 19, 2017). Protocols for Secure Electronic
Bitstamp
American computer scientist
was never implemented, but has been called "a direct precursor to the Bitcoin architecture." According to Szabo, he was specifically focused on the double
Nick_Szabo
Concept in computer science
entry to mitigate the Sybil attack threat. Bitcoin introduced the first permissionless consensus protocol using proof of work and a difficulty adjustment
Consensus_(computer_science)
Turkish-American computer scientist
Sirer, Emin Gün; Van Renesse, Robbert (2016-03-16). "Bitcoin-NG: a scalable blockchain protocol". Proceedings of the 13th Usenix Conference on Networked
Emin_Gün_Sirer
Subfield of cryptography
643-662, 2012. Iddo Bentov, Ranjit Kumaresan (2014). "How to Use Bitcoin to Design Fair Protocols" (PDF). Cryptology e Print (129): 1–38. Retrieved 9 October
Secure multi-party computation
Secure_multi-party_computation
American cybercriminal founder of Silk Road
Internet Protocol addresses. By hosting his market as a Tor site, Ulbricht could conceal the server's IP address and, thus, its location. Bitcoin, a cryptocurrency
Ross_Ulbricht
Blockchain computing platform
two parties efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way. Unlike bitcoin, Ethereum Classic operates using accounts and balances in a manner called
Ethereum_Classic
Decentralized darknet marketplace
programmers from Bitcoin startup Airbitz created a decentralized marketplace prototype, called "DarkMarket", in April 2014 at a Bitcoin Hackathon in Toronto
OpenBazaar
Cryptographic algorithm for digital signatures
generator. Such a failure in random number generation caused users of Android Bitcoin Wallet to lose their funds in August 2013. To ensure that k {\displaystyle
Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm
Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm
Proving validity without revealing other data
cryptography, a zero-knowledge proof (also known as a ZK proof or ZKP) is a protocol in which one party (the prover) can convince another party (the verifier)
Zero-knowledge_proof
Type of organization run via blockchain
until 2013 that it became more widely adopted. Although some argue that Bitcoin was the first DAO, the term is often understood today as software & smart
Decentralized autonomous organization
Decentralized_autonomous_organization
Financial technology company
its excess operational profits to Bitcoin and infrastructure investment. In 2023, Tether invested in sustainable Bitcoin mining projects, launching operations
Tether_Limited
Malicious software used in ransom demands
is paid. Difficult-to-trace digital currencies such as paysafecard or Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are commonly used for the ransoms, making tracing
Ransomware
American digital asset exchange company
largest U.S. based cryptocurrency exchange as well as the world's biggest bitcoin custodian, as of 2024. The company operates in more than 100 countries
Coinbase
American entrepreneur (born 1976)
would be working on Bitcoin. He also endorses and financially supported the development of the Nostr social networking protocol. In 2023, Dorsey provided
Jack_Dorsey
Unsolicited token or coin distribution
engaging existing holders of a particular blockchain-based currency, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum, in their currency or project. In the United States, the practice
Airdrop_(cryptocurrency)
American computer scientist
cofounder of Lookout Software in 2004. He is the co-inventor of the SPDY protocol and the lead author of the HTTP/2.0 specification. Belshe received his
Mike_Belshe
Single-use value in secure communications
being awarded bitcoins something of a lottery, where the first "miner" to find a nonce that delivers a desirable hash is awarded bitcoins. Key stretching
Cryptographic_nonce
Bitcoin company
(Nasdaq: FUFU) is a Bitcoin miner and mining services innovator headquartered in Singapore. The company acquires and holds Bitcoin through self-mining
BitFuFu
Study of how cryptographic tokens create economic value
keep mining Bitcoins, the amount of Bitcoins increases and the purchasing power of each Bitcoin decrease. However, the tokenomics of Bitcoin has multiple
Tokenomics
American cryptocurrency company
Users could deposit a range of cryptocurrency digital assets, including Bitcoin and Ethereum, into a Celsius wallet to earn a percentage yield, and could
Celsius_Network
Trilemma in computer science concerning network naming schemes
decentralized as it relies on trusted root-servers; .onion addresses and bitcoin addresses are secure and decentralized but not human-meaningful; and I2P
Zooko's_triangle
Virtual private network provider
language. Mullvad operates using the WireGuard protocol. It also supports Shadowsocks as a bridge protocol for censorship circumvention. Mullvad's VPN client
Mullvad
Peer-to-peer payments technology company
bitcoin blockchain as a payments platform. In March 2014 the company debuted its first product, the mobile payment platform Circle Pay. The bitcoin wallet
Circle_Internet_Group
Open-source Bitcoin payment processor
open-source, self-hosted Bitcoin payment processor created in 2017 by Nicolas Dorier. The software allows merchants to accept bitcoin payments directly to
BTCPay_Server
Type of computer application
DApps that are fully closed-source and partially closed-source also exist. Bitcoin, the first cryptocurrency, is an example of a DApp. DApps can be classified
Decentralized_application
Pooled resources for cryptocurrency mining
Cryptographic protocol Digital currency exchanger Electronic money OCEAN (Bitcoin mining pool) Eyal, Ittay; G¨un Sirer, Emin. "Majority is not Enough: Bitcoin Mining
Mining_pool
American entrepreneur and investor
company also created its own form of digital currency in a manner similar to Bitcoin, using the currency to allow financial institutions to transfer money with
Chris_Larsen
American entrepreneur and investor (born 1980)
Benchling. In 2013, Srinivasan co-founded 21e6, which later became 21 Inc, a Bitcoin mining startup raising over $116 million from investors.The company later
Balaji_Srinivasan
Public blockchain platform
proof-of-stake (PoS) protocol named Ouroboros; this was in contrast to Bitcoin and Ethereum, which used proof-of-work protocols (though the latter switched
Cardano_(blockchain_platform)
BITCOIN PROTOCOL
BITCOIN PROTOCOL
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : variant spelling of Kitchen.
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Town by the Pool
Male
Arthurian
, Arthur's father (7th cent.)
Boy/Male
Greek
Son of a priestess.
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Father of Arthur.
Surname or Lastname
Jewish
Jewish : unexplained.English : habitational name from a place in Gloucestershire named Bitton. The place takes its name from the Boyd river, a Celtic river name of uncertain origin + Old English tūn ‘settlement’, ‘farmstead’.
Surname or Lastname
English (Lancashire)
English (Lancashire) : from a pet form of Hitch.English (Lancashire) : in parts of the West Midlands this may have been a patronymic from Hitch, from an old genitive ending.English (Lancashire) : habitational name from Hitchin in Hertfordshire, which is derived from the dative plural of the old tribal name Hicce, which itself may be derived from a Celtic river name meaning ‘dry’.
BITCOIN PROTOCOL
BITCOIN PROTOCOL
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Happy
Boy/Male
Indian
Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Life
Boy/Male
Tamil
Munikrishna | à®®à¯à®¨à¯€à®•à¯à®°à¯€à®·à®¨à®¾Â
Sage
Girl/Female
Spanish
From the river's mouth.
Girl/Female
Indian
Together
Boy/Male
Tamil
Augmented by glory
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Good Smell; Pleasant Smell; A Sweet Smell
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : possibly a nickname, as Reaney suggests, for someone having a prominent lump or swelling, from Middle English boni, buny ‘swelling’, ‘bunion’ (see Bunyan). It is also possibly a topographic name from the southwestern English dialect word bunny ‘ravine’.
Male
German
 Variant spelling of German Kilian, KILLIAN means "little warrior." Compare with another form of Killian.
BITCOIN PROTOCOL
BITCOIN PROTOCOL
BITCOIN PROTOCOL
BITCOIN PROTOCOL
BITCOIN PROTOCOL
n.
The minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction.
n.
A confection made of flour, sugar, marmalade, and eggs; a sweet biscuit.
n.
An agreement of diplomatists indicating the results reached by them at a particular stage of a negotiation.
n.
A convention not formally ratified.
n.
The original copy of any writing, as of a deed, treaty, dispatch, or other instrument.
v. i.
To make or write protocols, or first draughts; to issue protocols.
n.
A preliminary document upon the basis of which negotiations are carried on.
n.
One who draughts protocols.
v. t.
To make a protocol of.
a.
Alt. of Bicornous