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Small form factor atomic clock
A chip scale atomic clock (CSAC) is a compact, low-power atomic clock fabricated using techniques of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and incorporating
Chip-scale_atomic_clock
Clock that monitors the resonant frequency of atoms
An atomic clock is a clock that measures time by monitoring the resonant frequency of atoms. It is based on the fact that atoms have quantised energy
Atomic_clock
view documents see Help:FTP) Jones, Willie D. (March 16, 2011). "Chip-Scale Atomic Clock". IEEE Spectrum. Inst. of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.
History_of_watches
Circuit in a computer that maintains accurate time
celestial navigation, the classic task of a chronometer. In 2011, chip-scale atomic clocks became available. Although vastly more expensive and power-hungry
Real-time_clock
British time-signal provider and former timepiece maker
as "The most accurate timepieces in the world”. Its atomic timepieces use chip scale atomic clock technology, where a small vessel of Caesium 133 is exposed
Hoptroff
American timekeeping products manufacturer
rubidium and cesium atomic standards, temperature and oven controlled crystal oscillators, miniature and chip scale atomic clocks, network time servers
Symmetricom
Continuous progression from past to future
Unveils Chip-Scale Atomic Clock". NIST. 27 August 2004. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011. "New atomic clock can keep
Time
British-born physicist and inventor
His research focuses on the development of compact "chip-scale" devices such as atomic clocks and magnetometers. Kitching was born in Chester, UK, to
John_Kitching_(physicist)
Topics referred to by the same term
State Association of Counties Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee Chip-scale atomic clock Clinical Substance Abuse Counselor This disambiguation page lists
CSAC
Measurement standards laboratory in the United States
being custodial to protect public domain use, such as one for a Chip-scale atomic clock, developed by a NIST team as part of a DARPA competition. In September
National Institute of Standards and Technology
National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology
First commercial atomic clock
was a caesium standard clock. More than 50 clocks with the trademarked Atomichron name were produced. Chip-scale atomic clock Hoptroff London Forman,
Atomichron
US Research Organization
Photonics Engineering Research (CIPHER) Chip to Chip Optical Interconnects (C2OI) Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks (CSAC) Chip-Scale Vacuum Micro Pumps (CSVMP) Compact
Microsystems Technology Office
Microsystems_Technology_Office
Primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time
atomique international), which is a weighted average of hundreds of atomic clocks worldwide. UTC is within about one second of mean solar time at 0° longitude
Coordinated_Universal_Time
Clock type
settings atomic clocks had replaced quartz clocks as the basis for precision measurements of time and frequency, resulting in International Atomic Time.
Quartz_clock
Type of semiconductor laser diode
(TDLAS) Laser printers Computer mouse Biological tissue analysis Chip scale atomic clock Lidar for cellphone cameras Structured light (e.g. the "dot projector"
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser
Vertical-cavity_surface-emitting_laser
American physicist
areas have included the operation and development of atomic fountain clocks and chip scale atomic devices and instruments. In 2025, Donley took early retirement
Elizabeth_Donley
Military conflict that deploys nuclear weaponry
the Doomsday Clock of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists has visualized how close the world is to a nuclear war. The Doomsday Clock reached a high
Nuclear_warfare
Small computer on a single integrated circuit
a digital signal processor (DSP), with higher clock speeds and power consumption. The first multi-chip microprocessors, the Four-Phase Systems AL1 in
Microcontroller
Child's law Chinese Journal of Physics Chinese Optics Letters Chip-scale atomic clock Chiral Potts curve Chiral anomaly Chiral color Chiral gauge theory
Index_of_physics_articles_(C)
American scientist (1928–2006)
end of his time there, he concentrated on designs related to the chip scale atomic clock. In 1964, Leonard Cutler and his colleague Al Bagley invented the
Leonard_Cutler
Manufacturing process used to create integrated circuits
database and chips are "binned" (i.e. sorted into virtual bins) according to predetermined test limits such as maximum operating frequencies/clocks, number
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor_device_fabrication
Using distance measures along a shape's edges to determine position in space
Carl-Thomas Schneider, IWAA2004, CERN, Geneva, October 2004 "How a Chip-Scale Atomic Clock Can Help Mitigate Broadband Interference"; Fang-Cheng Chan, Mathieu
True-range_multilateration
Measure of a civilization's evolution
The Kardashev scale (Russian: шкала Кардашёва, romanized: shkala Kardashova) is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement
Kardashev_scale
GPU microarchitecture by Nvidia
section). Clock frequency: 1.5 GHz (not released by Nvidia, but estimated by Insight 64). Peak performance: 1.5 TFlops. Global memory clock: 2 GHz. DRAM
Fermi_(microarchitecture)
Intermittent adjustment to UTC
accommodate the difference between International Atomic Time (TAI), as measured precisely by atomic clocks, and observed solar time (UT1), which varies due
Leap_second
Type of computer memory
parameter must be programmed into the SDRAM chip itself, namely the CAS latency. This is the number of clock cycles allowed for internal operations between
Dynamic_random-access_memory
Observation on the growth of integrated circuit capacity
Dennard scaling predicted that power consumption per unit area would remain constant. Combining these effects, David House deduced that computer chip performance
Moore's_law
Device to measure the passage of time
An hourglass (or sandglass, sand timer, or sand clock) is a device used to measure the passage of time. It comprises two glass bulbs connected vertically
Hourglass
CPU microarchitecture by Intel
River. Nehalem is built on the 45 nm process, is able to run at higher clock speeds without sacrificing efficiency, and is more energy-efficient than
Nehalem_(microarchitecture)
Electronic control system
reference atomic clock (such as the NIST-F2). That time difference becomes substantial over time. Instead, the owner can synchronize their mechanical clock (with
Phase-locked_loop
leading to large-scale integration (LSI) with hundreds of transistors on a single MOS chip by the late 1960s. The application of MOS LSI chips to computing
History of computing hardware (1960s–present)
History_of_computing_hardware_(1960s–present)
Technology for constructing integrated circuits
logic as the dominant MOSFET fabrication process for very large-scale integration (VLSI) chips in the 1980s, replacing earlier transistor–transistor logic
CMOS
Open-source CPU instruction set architecture
count, increased clocks to 2 GHz, and added AI capabilities". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 27 November 2024. "SpacemiT K1 8 core RISC-V chip Brief". BananaPi
RISC-V
Programming paradigm in which many processes are executed simultaneously
power consumption P by a chip is given by the equation P = C × V 2 × F, where C is the capacitance being switched per clock cycle (proportional to the
Parallel_computing
Ways in which length, distance or range can be measured
example, to measure the tiny features on wafers during the manufacture of chips. The ruler the simplest kind of length measurement tool: lengths are defined
Length_measurement
European global navigation satellite system
maser atomic clocks and two secondary rubidium atomic clocks which are independent of one other. As precise and stable space-qualified atomic clocks are
Galileo (satellite navigation system)
Galileo_(satellite_navigation_system)
American satellite-based radio navigation service
field using accurate atomic clocks placed in orbit inside artificial satellites. Special and general relativity predicted that the clocks on GPS satellites
Global_Positioning_System
Series of GPUs by Nvidia
version. XFX released a 9600 GTX based on the G92 chip featuring 96 stream processors, a 580 MHz core clock, 1450 MHz shaders and 512 MB of GDDR3 running
GeForce_9_series
California-based semiconductor company
Timberwolf Audio processors SLIC Timing & Synchronization Time servers Atomic clocks Rugged Oscillators PLL Frequency synthesizers Precision Time Protocol
Microsemi
GPU microarchitecture designed by Nvidia
to US regulations limiting the export of chips to the People's Republic of China, Nvidia adapted the H100 chip to the Chinese market with the H800. This
Hopper_(microarchitecture)
Device for trapping charged particles
Paul traps are used in trapped ion quantum computers and realizing atomic clocks, including the most precise instrument humankind has ever made. Penning
Ion_trap
as many clock cycles (which is not the case on high performance implementations). On the 68000, for instance, this means 8 instead of 4 clock ticks, and
Comparison of instruction set architectures
Comparison_of_instruction_set_architectures
Device for producing coherent EM waves in the sub-visible spectrum
work leading to the maser. Masers are used as timekeeping devices in atomic clocks, and as extremely low-noise microwave amplifiers in radio telescopes
Maser
Self-Complementarity in Antennas and the Mushiake Relationship 1948 – First Atomic Clock 1948–1951 – Manchester University "Baby" Computer and its Derivatives
List_of_IEEE_Milestones
Computer bus protocol
The Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) is an on-chip communication bus protocol and is part of the Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture specification
Advanced_eXtensible_Interface
Subsystem of the Linux kernel
is what is called Atomic Display (formerly known as atomic mode-setting and atomic or nuclear pageflip). The purpose of the atomic mode-setting is to
Direct_Rendering_Manager
Programmable machine that processes data
than 10,000 transistors on a single chip. System on a Chip (SoCs) are complete computers on a microchip (or chip) the size of a coin. They may or may
Computer
large-scale windbreak system) Christoph Gerber (born 1942), with Calvin Quate (1923–2019), and with Gerd Binnig (1947–), Germany/U.S./Switzerland – Atomic force
List_of_inventors
Timing oscillator
frequency scaling could be adjusted to compensate for the resonators' frequency variation over temperature. Various applications require clocks with predefined
Microelectromechanical system oscillator
Microelectromechanical_system_oscillator
Annual science and engineering award
computer chips" 2012 Joseph Stroscio (Physicist, Physical Measurement Laboratory) "for scientific achievements in developing new atomic-scale measurement
Samuel_Wesley_Stratton_Award
Handheld game console by Nintendo
battery-backed to save progress when the handheld is off, real-time clock chips can keep track of time even when the device is off, and Rumble Pak cartridges
Game_Boy_Color
American businessman (born 1964)
grandfather was Lawrence Preston Gise, a regional director of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) in Albuquerque. Gise retired early to his family's
Jeff_Bezos
Theories, models and concepts that go back to the quantum hypothesis of Max Planck
high-efficiency source of light. The global positioning system (GPS) makes use of atomic clocks to measure precise time differences and therefore determine a user's
Applications of quantum mechanics
Applications_of_quantum_mechanics
Processor expansion bus standard
many PCIe slots there are. In certain POWER8 systems, IBM makes use of dual chip modules, thus doubling the CAPI capacity per processor socket. Traditional
Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface
Coherent_Accelerator_Processor_Interface
Electronic non-volatile computer storage device
devices such as multimedia players or GPSs. The capacity scaling (increase) of flash chips used to follow Moore's law because they are manufactured with
Flash_memory
Family of RISC-based computer architectures
original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019. ARMv8 SVE (Scalable Vector Extension) chip, which uses 512bit floating point. "Cortex-A65AE | Multithreaded
Arm_architecture_family
that the 65 nm-Cells clock up to 6 GHz and run on 1.3 V core voltage, as demonstrated on the ISSCC 2007. This would have given the chip a theoretical peak
Cell microprocessor implementations
Cell_microprocessor_implementations
Semiconductor laser
spectroscopic sensing, generation of radio-frequency or terahertz waves, atomic clock state preparation, quantum key cryptography, frequency doubling and conversion
Laser_diode
Chemical element with atomic number 31 (Ga)
Gallium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Discovered by the French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in Paris, France
Gallium
Technical applications of optics
macroscopic objects; Optomics, in which devices integrate both photonic and atomic devices for applications such as precision timekeeping, navigation, and
Photonics
Interferometer which uses the wave-like nature of atoms
case, uses atomic spin to sense rotation with both having compact size, high precision, and the possibility of being made on a chip-scale. Physics portal
Atom_interferometer
Model that describes the programmable interface of a computer processor
in dedicated SIMD registers performing an atomic test-and-set instruction or other read–modify–write atomic instruction instructions that perform ALU
Instruction_set_architecture
Computation machine that uses continuously varying data technology
of interlinked gears drives the second, minute and hour needles in the clock. More complex applications, such as aircraft flight simulators and synthetic-aperture
Analog_computer
Hypothesized risk to human existence
creates AI Safety Clock". www.imd.org. 6 September 2024. Retrieved 6 September 2024. Constantino, Tor (10 February 2025). "AI 'Doomsday Clock' Ticks Closer
Existential risk from artificial intelligence
Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence
Very small devices that incorporate moving components
usually consist of a central unit that processes data (an integrated circuit chip such as microprocessor) and several components that interact with the surroundings
MEMS
Electronic oscillator circuit
precision pendulum clocks as the world's most accurate timekeepers until atomic clocks were developed in the 1950s. Using the early work at Bell Laboratories
Crystal_oscillator
Networks connecting quantum processors
In Cavity QED, photonic quantum states can be transferred to and from atomic quantum states stored in single atoms contained in optical cavities. This
Quantum_network
(MOS IC) chip. Due to rapid MOSFET scaling, MOS IC chips rapidly increased in complexity at a rate predicted by Moore's law, leading to large-scale integration
History_of_computing_hardware
materials. (PDF) International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA Bulletin 41, March 1999, accessed January 15, 12018. Event scale revised for further clarity, world
History of radiation protection
History_of_radiation_protection
CISC microprocessor
chip works at more than a 15 MHz clock rate. Another is the first silicon success. It has been accomplished in a full-custom VLSI microcomputer chip consisting
NEC_V60
Fictional universe involving Mickey Mouse and related Disney characters
chipmunk who appeared in the short film Two Chips and a Miss (1952), being the romantic interest of Chip and Dale, for whom they both compete for her
Mickey_Mouse_universe
when quartz oscillators were invented, followed by atomic clocks after World War 2. A pendulum clock uses a pendulum's arc to mark intervals of time. From
List of Dutch inventions and innovations
List_of_Dutch_inventions_and_innovations
Journal
dies in two boxes at once Elusive nuclear-clock transition spotted in thorium-229 New gravimeter-on-a-chip is tiny yet extremely sensitive Negative refraction
Physics_World
Asynchronous circuit design methodology
QDI circuits have been used to manufacture a large number of research chips, a small selection of which follows. Caltech's asynchronous microprocessor
Quasi-delay-insensitive circuit
Quasi-delay-insensitive_circuit
Software that controls computer-graphics hardware
commissioning) open-source drivers for its graphics chips, with the exception of their PowerVR-based chips. Their 2D X.Org driver is called xf86-video-intel
Free and open-source graphics device driver
Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver
Old Mill boat ride at Disney theme parks
designed a clock with a smiling face, located 30 feet (9.1 m) high. Every 15 minutes, costumed wooden dolls dance out from the base of the clock. When the
It's_a_Small_World
Interface technology communication architecture
of UniPro use MIPI's D-PHY technology for the off-chip Physical Layer. This PHY allows inter-chip communication. Data rates of the D-PHY are variable
UniPro_protocol_stack
List of incidents which could have led to a nuclear exchange
strike. At Ukraine's request, the United Nations sent an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) investigation to Ukraine, which found no evidence of
Nuclear_close_calls
Humanoid walking vehicles in science fiction
first humanoid giant robot piloted by the protagonist appeared in the manga Atomic Power Android (原子力人造人間, Genshi Ryoku Jinzō Ningen) in 1948. The manga and
Mecha
Speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum
Jespersen, J.; Fitz-Randolph, J.; Robb, J. (1999). From Sundials to Atomic Clocks: Understanding Time and Frequency (Reprint of National Bureau of Standards
Speed_of_light
Parallel computing platform and programming model
comparisons 2 clock cycles/instruction for each SM partition Burgess, John (2019). "RTX ON – The NVIDIA TURING GPU". 2019 IEEE Hot Chips 31 Symposium (HCS)
CUDA
typical experimental graphene NEMS structures taking advantages of its atomic scale thickness has been proposed. Theoretically graphene makes an excellent
Potential applications of graphene
Potential_applications_of_graphene
Materials with granular size 1 to 100 nm
materials and atomic or molecular structures. A bulk material should have constant physical properties regardless of its size, but at the nano-scale this is
Nanomaterials
the Beat" Kiki Dee – "Star" Kirsty MacColl – "There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis" Madness – "Return of the Los Palmas 7", "Shut Up"
List of performances on Top of the Pops
List_of_performances_on_Top_of_the_Pops
Italian physicist (1944-)
miniaturization and chip-scale photonic integration. This technology has been applied e.g. to coherent telecommunications, spectroscopy, atomic clocks as well as
Luigi_Lugiato
Ordering of binary values, used for positioning and error correction
different clock frequencies. The logic is considered operating in different "clock domains". It is fundamental to the design of large chips that operate
Gray_code
Process of keeping all parts of a spacecraft within acceptable temperature ranges
also necessary to keep specific components (such as optical sensors, atomic clocks, etc.) within a specified temperature stability requirement, to ensure
Spacecraft_thermal_control
in history. The Cray-1, which used integrated circuits with two gates per chip, was a vector processor. It introduced a number of innovations, such as chaining
History_of_supercomputing
Process of determining the nucleic acid sequence
also be used to estimate when a viral outbreak began by using a molecular clock technique. Medical technicians may sequence genes (or, theoretically, full
DNA_sequencing
cutting tools – General terms, reference systems, tool and working angles, chip breakers ISO 3002-2:1982 Part 2: Geometry of the active part of cutting tools
List of ISO standards 3000–4999
List_of_ISO_standards_3000–4999
Structure that repeats in time; a novel type or phase of non-equilibrium matter
periodic in time in the same sense that the pendulum in a pendulum-driven clock is periodic in time. Unlike a pendulum, a time crystal "spontaneously" self-organizes
Time_crystal
Giovanni De Micheli, M.S. EECS 1980, Ph.D. EECS 1983 — pioneer of Network on a chip; Fellow of ACM and IEEE and a member of the Academia Europaea Wen-Tsuen Chen
List of University of California, Berkeley alumni in science and technology
List_of_University_of_California,_Berkeley_alumni_in_science_and_technology
Computational benchmark
be possible with a "two-dimensional lattice of 7×7 qubits and around 40 clock cycles" if error rates can be pushed low enough. The scheme discussed was
Quantum_supremacy
Use of knowledge for practical goals
will grant us the ability to manipulate matter "at the molecular and atomic scale", which could allow us to reshape ourselves and our environment in fundamental
Technology
US and West German intelligence operation
Berlin discotheque bombing Iran-Iraq War Snowden revelations ECHELON Clipper chip Miller, Greg (11 February 2020). "'The intelligence coup of the century':
Intelligence operations using Crypto AG compromised devices
Intelligence_operations_using_Crypto_AG_compromised_devices
under the supervision of William Shockley at Bell Labs. 1948: The first atomic clock is developed at the National Bureau of Standards. 1948: Basic oxygen
Timeline of historic inventions
Timeline_of_historic_inventions
instruction prefixes, XACQUIRE and XRELEASE, that could be attached to memory atomics/stores to elide the memory locking that they represent. The XACQUIRE and
List of discontinued x86 instructions
List_of_discontinued_x86_instructions
Region of England
atomic clock, in 1955. During the war he invented the cavity resonance wavemeter to find the first accurate value of the speed of light. The atomic clock
East_Midlands
contained the patented "10NES" lockout chip: a chip on the cartridge's circuit board which connects to a corresponding chip within the console, once the cartridge
History_of_Nintendo
Uses of radio and radio waves
watch's internal quartz clock to the correct time, thus allowing a small watch or desk clock to have the same accuracy as an atomic clock. Government time stations
Applications_of_radio
CHIP SCALE-ATOMIC-CLOCK
CHIP SCALE-ATOMIC-CLOCK
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : variant of Small.
Male
English
Short form of English Caleb, CALE means "dog" or "rabid."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English sale ‘hall’, a topographic name for someone living at a hall or manor house, or a metonymic occupational name for someone employed at a hall or manor house.English : from Middle English salwe ‘sallow’ (a tree, a kind of willow), hence a topographic name for someone who lived by a sallow tree, or a habitational name from for example Sale in Greater Manchester, named from the old dative form of this word, in atte sale.French (Salé) : from Old French salé ‘salty’, hence a topographic or occupational name for someone who lived by or worked in a salt marsh, or, in a figurative sense, a nickname for an amusing or witty person.
Boy/Male
Indian
Long of time
Female
Thai/Siamese
Thai name NGAM-CHIT means "good heart."
Female
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name CHI means "tree branch."
Male
Hungarian
Pet form of Hungarian Tamás, TOMI means "twin."
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
Henry VI, Part 2' Lord Scales.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, German, Jamaican
Chipping Sparrow; Man; Strong Man; A Freeman
Boy/Male
English
Peddler; merchant.
Boy/Male
Vietnamese
Bird.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Scale Holder
Male
Japanese
(富) Japanese name TOMIO means "treasured man."
Girl/Female
African, Arabic
Scale
Boy/Male
Muslim
Long of time
Female
Japanese
(æµ) Japanese name CHIE means "wisdom."
Boy/Male
English American Hebrew
Bold; Surname derived from Charles.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Chinn.Chinese : variant of Jin 1.Chinese : Cantonese variant of Qian.Chinese : variant of Qin 1.Chinese : variant of Qin 2.Chinese : variant of Jin 2.Chinese : variant of Jin 3.Korean : there are four Chinese characters for the surname Chin, representing five clans. At least three of the clans have origins in China; most of them migrated to Korea during the Kory{ou} period (ad 918–1392).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Seal 1–4; it is also established as a surname in Ireland.
Boy/Male
English American
Man (from the Old English 'ceorl'). Famous Bearers: American movie star Charles Bronson;...
CHIP SCALE-ATOMIC-CLOCK
CHIP SCALE-ATOMIC-CLOCK
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, Czechoslovakian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Indian, Irish, Italian, Malayalam, Netherlands, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Tamil
Manly; A Man's Woman; Beautiful and Dared; St Andrews; Feminine Form of Andrew; Warrior; Strong
Boy/Male
Tamil
Humble boy, Modest, Leader
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Hidden Treasure
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Eternal joy.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Savary.
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
The Constellations or Stars
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places in Leicestershire and Northamptonshire named Chilcote, from Old English as cild ‘young men’ + cot ‘cottage(s)’.English : variant of Chilcott.
Boy/Male
Greek
Calling forth; summoned.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
Friend of Fire
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Happiness; Happy
CHIP SCALE-ATOMIC-CLOCK
CHIP SCALE-ATOMIC-CLOCK
CHIP SCALE-ATOMIC-CLOCK
CHIP SCALE-ATOMIC-CLOCK
CHIP SCALE-ATOMIC-CLOCK
v. t.
To weigh or measure according to a scale; to measure; also, to grade or vary according to a scale or system.
n.
Hence, any layer or leaf of metal or other material, resembling in size and thinness the scale of a fish; as, a scale of iron, of bone, etc.
a.
Covered or abounding with scales; as, a scaly fish.
n.
The doctrine of atoms. See Atomic philosophy, under Atomic.
a.
Composed of scales lying over each other; as, a scaly bulb; covered with scales; as, a scaly stem.
a.
Resembling a scale; also, covered with scales; scaly.
n.
A basis for a numeral system; as, the decimal scale; the binary scale, etc.
a.
Unaccented; as, an atonic syllable.
imp. & p. p.
of Scale
a.
Alt. of Atomical
a.
Having feathers which in form, color, or arrangement somewhat resemble scales; as, the scaled dove.
n.
The graduated series of all the tones, ascending or descending, from the keynote to its octave; -- called also the gamut. It may be repeated through any number of octaves. See Chromatic scale, Diatonic scale, Major scale, and Minor scale, under Chromatic, Diatonic, Major, and Minor.
a.
Characterized by atony, or want of vital energy; as, an atonic disease.
n.
A small appendage like a rudimentary leaf, resembling the scales of a fish in form, and often in arrangement; as, the scale of a bud, of a pine cone, and the like. The name is also given to the chaff on the stems of ferns.
v. t.
To strip or clear of scale or scales; as, to scale a fish; to scale the inside of a boiler.
a.
Scale-winged.
a.
Without scales, or with the scales removed; as, scaled herring.
pl.
of Scala
n.
A scale insect. (See below.)
n.
One who holds to the atomic philosophy or theory.