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Component of LCDs
Alignment layers, or alignment films, are thin films which are a crucial component of liquid crystal displays (LCDs). They are applied to the surfaces
Alignment_layer
Display that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals
particularly in smartphones. Both the liquid crystal material and the alignment layer material contain ionic compounds. If an electric field of one particular
Liquid-crystal_display
Chemical compound
"Photochemistry of chalcone and the application of chalcone-derivatives in photo-alignment layer of liquid crystal display". Optical Materials. 21 (1–3): 667–71. Bibcode:2003OptMa
Chalcone
Type of liquid crystal display
This operational mode for LCDs also does not require anisotropic alignment layers (e.g., rubbed polyimide) and thus theoretically simplifies the LCD
Blue_phase_mode_LCD
Computer storage device with no moving parts
distributed cache layer that temporarily absorbs the large volume of user requests to slower HDD-based backend storage systems. This layer provides much higher
Solid-state_drive
business–IT alignment. Typical EA Frameworks are used to achieve business–IT alignment, as these frameworks link business and technology layers of the organization
Business–IT_alignment
Plane of existence in Dungeons & Dragons
Pandemonium had four layers named Pandesmos, Cocytus, Phlegethon and Agathion. Ysgard is the Outer Plane of Chaotic Neutral / Chaotic Good alignment. It is also
Outer_Plane
Format defined in the H.264/AVC and HEVC video coding standards
The Network Abstraction Layer (NAL) is a part of the H.264/AVC and HEVC video coding standards. The main goal of the NAL is the provision of a "network-friendly"
Network_Abstraction_Layer
Industrial procedure
Rasing, Theo; Rowan, Alan E.; Nolte, Roeland J. M. (2006-03-24). "LCD alignment layers. Controlling nematic domain properties". Journal of Materials Chemistry
Spin_coating
Molecular interface between a surface and a fluid
In surface science, a double layer (DL, also called an electrical double layer, EDL) is a structure that appears on the surface of an object when it is
Double layer (surface science)
Double_layer_(surface_science)
relative alignment of the magnetization in the layers. The resistance change is a result of the giant magnetoresistive effect. The magnetic layers of the
Spin_valve
Electrical signal connector
of alternating conductive and insulating layers of silicone rubber, cut crosswise to expose the thin layers. They can provide high-density redundant electrical
Elastomeric_connector
Phenomenon involving the change of conductivity in metallic layers
adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high
Giant_magnetoresistance
Type of liquid-crystal display technology
transparent electrodes, E1 and E2. The electrodes themselves are coated with alignment layers (not shown) that precisely twist the liquid crystal by 90° when no
Twisted_nematic_field_effect
How two or more digital photo layers are mixed together
the top "layer". The top "layer" is not necessarily a layer in the application; it may be applied with a painting or editing tool. The top "layer" also is
Blend_modes
liquid crystals, homeotropic alignment is one of the ways of alignment of liquid crystalline molecules. Homeotropic alignment is the state in which a rod-like
Homeotropic_alignment
Type of machine learning model
evaluations for LLMs attempt to measure model reasoning, factual accuracy, alignment, and safety. Before the emergence of transformer-based models in 2017
Large_language_model
good alignment of the domains' directors before cross-linking. This can be achieved by: stretching of the prepolymerized sample, photo-alignment layers, magnetic
Liquid_crystalline_elastomer
Topics referred to by the same term
control, in semiconductor manufacturing, for monitoring layer-to-layer alignment on multi-layer device structures Historic overlay district, a zoning district
Overlay
Subclass of liquid crystal
a helix whose axis of rotation is perpendicular to the director in each layer. ChLCs can be thermotropic and lyotropic. ChLCs are formed from a variety
Cholesteric_liquid_crystal
Method for aligning biological sequences
AlignmentA ← Ai + AlignmentA AlignmentB ← "−" + AlignmentB i ← i − 1 } else { AlignmentA ← "−" + AlignmentA AlignmentB ← Bj + AlignmentB j ← j − 1 } } Computing
Needleman–Wunsch_algorithm
Machine learning technique
common to keep the earlier layers (those closest to the input layer) frozen, as they capture lower-level features, while later layers often discern high-level
Fine-tuning_(deep_learning)
Diode that emits light from an organic compound
photolithography, and etching to create alignment marks commonly on glass or other device substrates. Thin polymer adhesive layers are applied to enhance resistance
OLED
Mountain in Alabama, United States
of Union Hill Rd originated in a wrecked vehicle on the original road alignment of Union Hill Rd, visible on older USGS 1:24000 topographical maps. Several
Brindley_Mountain
System to prevent email fraud
adkim field) alignment checks pass, then the DMARC alignment test passes. Alignment may be specified as strict or relaxed. For strict alignment, the domain
DMARC
Conditions for Electoral Reform (RENACER) Act of 2021 To advance the strategic alignment of United States diplomatic tools toward the realization of free, fair
List of acts of the 117th United States Congress
List_of_acts_of_the_117th_United_States_Congress
Type of knowledge base
is known as knowledge graph entity alignment, and is an active area of research. Strategies for entity alignment generally seek to identify similar substructures
Knowledge_graph
Networking protocol sublayer
sublayer is at the top of the Ethernet physical layer (PHY). The hierarchy is as follows: Data link layer (Layer 2) Logical link control (LLC) sublayer Medium
Physical_coding_sublayer
Traditional Japanese garment
to prevent bunching, folding and wrinkling, and keep the kimono's layers in alignment. Like many other traditional Japanese garments, there are specific
Kimono
Autonomous artificial intelligence agent
consists of seven interconnected layers, with each layer building on the functionality of the layers beneath it: Layer 1: Foundation models – trained on
AI_agent
Level representing a mechanical difference between layers in Earth's inner structure
as the LAB by geophysicists) represents a mechanical difference between layers in Earth's inner structure. Earth's inner structure can be described both
Lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary
Lithosphere–asthenosphere_boundary
Musical structure of salsa
ostinato part which spans a cycle of four main beats, has a specific alignment with clave, and expresses the rhythmic qualities of clave either explicitly
Salsa_(musical_structure)
Strategy of technology use
insights into the current and future business strategy, assess business-IT alignment on various parameters, identify gaps, and define technology roadmaps and
Technology_strategy
Machine learning technique
model to learn peculiarities or noise, along with the intended alignment. Excessive alignment to the specific feedback it received (that is, to the bias therein)
Reinforcement learning from human feedback
Reinforcement_learning_from_human_feedback
Engineering approach to software development
prediction Robotics simulation Scientific simulation Sequence alignment Structural alignment Structural engineering System dynamics Wind energy Engineering
Software_engineering
Connection method for surface-mounted chips
balls attaching that interposer to the PCB. Often both layers are underfilled. Pads Balls Alignment Contact Solder reflow Adhesive underfill Final result
Solder_ball
Printed circuit board solder process
is necessary to achieve the required alignment of solder blocks on the pads. The required accuracy in alignment can also be achieved by controlling the
Stencil_printing
2026 information security incident
company's earlier technical publications. Eric Wallace, who works on alignment and safety research at OpenAI, said the channel originated when an agent
OpenAI rogue agent breach of Hugging Face
OpenAI_rogue_agent_breach_of_Hugging_Face
Kneecap, bone covering knee joint
Bipartite patellas are the result of an ossification of a second cartilaginous layer at the location of an emargination. Previously, bipartite patellas were
Patella
Correct layering of colors in printed documents
In color printing, print registration is the layering of printed patterns to form a multicolor pattern. Registration error is the "position misalignment
Printing_registration
Branch of machine learning
artificial neurons into layers and "training" them to process data. The adjective "deep" refers to the use of multiple layers (ranging from three to several
Deep_learning
electric field (without current) for alignment of the LC. The state of polarization of the light traveling through the LC layer cannot be perceived by human observers
LCD_classification
Interface between two layers or regions of dissimilar semiconductors
A heterojunction is an interface between two layers or regions of dissimilar semiconductors. These semiconducting materials have unequal band gaps as opposed
Heterojunction
Telecoms software company
conference in October 2025. Cohere also announced the Dynamic Network Alignment (DNA) tool in 2023, which is an automated MU-MIMO beamforming solution
Cohere_Technologies
Computational model used in machine learning
layers. Each layer performs a transformation on its inputs. Signals travel from the first layer (the input layer) to the last layer (the output layer)
Neural network (machine learning)
Neural_network_(machine_learning)
AI software development optimisation
testing, static analysis tools, and human review, creating a governance layer to improve quality and accountability. Multiple big tech companies have
AI-assisted software development
AI-assisted_software_development
Step pyramid in the Mayan city of Chichen Itza in Tinúm, Mexico
Cenote (North), Xtoloc (South), Kanjuyum (East), and Holtún (West). This alignment supports the position of the Temple of Kukulcán as an axis mundi. The
El_Castillo,_Chichen_Itza
Traditional Japanese embroidery technique
clothing, making the fabric ultimately stronger. It would also be used to layer thin fabrics to create warmth, and, in the case of some garments such as
Sashiko
Process of aiming an artillery piece or turret
from the gun. This alignment is divided into in the horizontal and vertical planes, called: elevation, sometimes laying – alignment in the vertical plane
Gun_laying
Third planet from the Sun
11 km (6.8 mi) of the surface; this lowest layer is called the troposphere. Energy from the Sun heats this layer and the surface below, causing expansion
Earth
State of matter with properties of both conventional liquids and crystals
crystal layer (typically 4 μm thick) sits between two polarizers that are crossed (oriented at 90° to one another). The liquid crystal alignment is chosen
Liquid_crystal
Historic bridge in Arizona, U.S.
industry. The bridge was used on the route for several years until the alignment was moved further north, above the Little Colorado River sometime between
Chevelon_Creek_Bridge
Interface standard for data converters
spans three layers. A transport layer maps converter samples into frames, a data link layer handles encoding, synchronisation and lane alignment, and a physical
JESD204B
Leader of China from 1949 to 1976
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty increased Chinese concerns over a US-Soviet re-alignment against China and prompted Mao's articulation of the "Two Intermediate
Mao_Zedong
Machine learning technique
processing the input sequence in parallel, before computing a "soft alignment matrix" (alignment is the terminology used by Bahdanau et al) in order to allow
Attention_(machine_learning)
Maintenance of motor vehicle tires
overloading or poor wheel alignment. Increased tread wear on only one side of a tire: often a sign of poor wheel alignment. Tread worn away completely:
Tire_maintenance
Military technology to make personnel and material less visible
first stealth submarine. It featured an anechoic tile rubber coating, one layer of which contained circular air pockets to defeat ASDIC sonar. Radar-absorbent
Stealth_technology
Deep learning facial recognition system
It identifies human faces in digital images. The program employs a nine-layer neural network with over 120 million connection weights and was trained
DeepFace
Long, narrow, elevated landform
drainage. Typically, a shutter ridge creates a valley corresponding to the alignment of the fault that produces it. Pressure ridge (lava) A specific case of
Ridge
role in semiconductor manufacturing, helping to monitor layer-to-layer alignment on multi-layer device structures. Misalignment of any kind can cause short
Overlay_control
Printed circuit board
typically at the edges. Coupons are then inspected to ensure proper layer alignment, electrical connectivity, and cross sectioned to inspect internal structures
Coupon_(PWB)
Valley in Monterey County, California, US
when drought lowered flows. The valley runs in a southeast to northwest alignment. It begins south of San Ardo, framed by the central inner California Coast
Salinas_Valley
Specification of Object Management Group
Meta-Object Facility, there is an alignment between the KDM Core and Resource Description Framework (RDF). The Program Elements Layer consists of the Code and
Knowledge_Discovery_Metamodel
Intelligence in machines
and many researchers re-focussed their careers on these issues. The alignment problem became a serious field of academic study. GPT-3 is a large language
Artificial_intelligence
Fictional deities in the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' role-playing game
support both the cleric class and the behavioral aspects of the ethical alignment system – 'role playing', one of three fundamentals. The pantheons employed
List of Dungeons & Dragons deities
List_of_Dungeons_&_Dragons_deities
Disk format and access using sector sizes larger than 512 bytes
clusters to span partial physical disk sectors. Since cluster-to-sector alignment is determined when creating hard drive partitions, the realignment software
Advanced_Format
Anatomical structure found in vertebrates
the calcaneus, the largest bone of the foot, is cushioned underneath by a layer of fat. The five irregular bones of the midfoot, the cuboid, navicular,
Foot
Geocodes maintained by the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics
characteristics. Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs) typically contain 4 to 6 OAs with a population of around 1,500. Middle Layer Super Output Areas (MSOAs)
GSS_coding_system
conducted from the air, e.g. using aerial photography or satellite imagery. alignment Co-linear arrangement of features or structures with external landmarks
Glossary_of_archaeology
Country in South Asia
upper layer piled up in sheets ahead of the subduction zone. This mountain-building orogeny created the Himalayas. The middle and stiffer layer continued
India
Large language model by Meta AI (2023–2026)
(2016-07-01). "Layer Normalization". arXiv:1607.06450 [stat.ML]. Zhang, Biao; Sennrich, Rico (2019-10-01). "Root Mean Square Layer Normalization". arXiv:1910
Llama_(language_model)
Photosynthetic part of a vascular plant
multi-layered palisade layer, while shade leaves or older leaves closer to the soil are single-layered. Beneath the palisade layer is the spongy layer. The
Leaf
Nonfunctional pixel on a digital image
dot defect is usually caused by a transistor in the transparent electrode layer that is stuck "on" for TN panels or "off" for MVA, PVA, and IPS panels.
Defective_pixel
Public availability of AI parameters
Initiative. Retrieved 28 July 2026. "Neural networks: Nodes and hidden layers". Google for Developers. Google. 3 December 2025. Retrieved 28 July 2026
Open_weights
Chinese manufacturer of 3D printers
design process into a single workflow. It supports computer-vision-based alignment. Bambu Farm Manager – Bambu Farm Manager is an application suite designed
Bambu_Lab
Large soft mat for lying on to sleep
a single upholstered, footed unit. Divans have at least one innerspring layer as well as cushioning materials. They may be supplied with a secondary mattress
Mattress
ITU-T telecommunications interface specification
specification is defined by the ISO document 4903. At the time, most physical layer protocols such as RS-232-C and RS-449 use analog signaling. X.21 was first
X.21
Standard protocol suite for packet switched wide area network (WAN) communication
service was added to the revised X.25 of 1980, together with an alignment of its link layer, now called LAPB, with a recent evolution of HDLC in ISO. In
X.25
Animals of the phylum Porifera
organisms consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells, and usually have tube-like bodies full of pores and channels that
Sponge
In geometry, property of being directionally dependent
wavelength (e.g., crystals, cracks, pores, layers, or inclusions) have a dominant alignment. This alignment leads to a directional variation of elasticity
Anisotropy
Surgical Seam for four stitches
mattress suture are that it provides closure for both deep and superficial layers, and also allows perfect eversion and vertical opposition of the superficial
Vertical_mattress_stitch
Type of matrix barcode
known pixels allow a reader to maintain alignment with the pixel grid over large symbols. For up to 4 layers (31×31 pixels), this consists only of single
Aztec_Code
Translations of 1922 novel
Andersson's title returned to Ulysses. This choice signaled the text's alignment with Joyce's original naming and brought the Swedish version in line with
Translations_of_Ulysses
West Germanic language
Indo-European language, English grammar follows accusative morphosyntactic alignment. Unlike other Indo-European languages, English has largely abandoned the
English_language
Subsurface maximum in the concentration of chlorophyll
Rippeth, T. P.; Simpson, J. H. (2016). "Surface mixed layer deepening through wind shear alignment in a seasonally stratified shallow sea". Journal of Geophysical
Deep_chlorophyll_maximum
Collection of character sketches
and Hunt became close friends—helped by their strong radical political alignment—but Hunt's self-centred ways and Hazlitt's irritation with, and finally
The_Spirit_of_the_Age
Statistical law in machine learning
diffusion, generative modeling, multimodal learning, contrastive learning, AI alignment, AI capabilities, robotics, out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization,
Neural_scaling_law
Gaelic festival marking the start of winter
the day". Meehan, Pádraig (September 2012). "A Possible Astronomical Alignment marking Seasonal Transitions at Listoghil, Sligo, Ireland". Internet Archaeology
Samhain
Variant of a liquid-crystal display
pixel is a small capacitor with a layer of insulating liquid crystal sandwiched between transparent conductive layers of indium tin oxide (ITO). The circuit
TFT_LCD
Financial technology company
dollar–pegged cryptocurrency originally launched on the Bitcoin-based Omni Layer and later on networks like Ethereum and Tron. USDT is used globally as a
Tether_Limited
Topics referred to by the same term
Acoustic Medicine, a medical treatment for arthritis SAMtools (for Sequence Alignment Map), a data storage format for DNA sequencing Self-assembled monolayer
Sam
Canadian-American asset management company
separated, while preserving the benefits of their complementary nature and alignment." The existing company, then called Brookfield Asset Management, would
Brookfield_Asset_Management
Screen technology used for liquid crystal displays
significant display motion blur due to poor response time. IPS and vertical alignment (VA) are designed to alleviate these issues. An early experimental IPS-LCD
In-plane_switching
American biotechnology company
to conservation." Colossal Biosciences released a clarifying document Alignment of Colossal’s Dire Wolf De-Extinction Project with IUCN SSC Guiding Principles
Colossal_Biosciences
Overview of the events of 2022 in science
Mary; Green, Carla B.; Takahashi, Joseph S. (10 June 2022). "Circadian alignment of early onset caloric restriction promotes longevity in male C57BL/6J
April–June_2022_in_science
Major volcanic eruption around 1600 BC
knocked out of alignment. On the island of Anafi, 27 km (17 mi) to the east, ash layers 3 m (10 ft) deep have been found, as well as pumice layers on slopes
Minoan_eruption
Machine learning model for speech
the source was low quality (e.g., partial transcriptions, inaccurate alignment). After training, it was fine-tuned to suppress the prediction of speaker
Whisper (speech recognition system)
Whisper_(speech_recognition_system)
Early colour photography process
The luminance filter (silver halide layer) and the mosaic chrominance filter (the colored potato starch grain layer) remained precisely aligned and were
Autochrome_Lumière
Partially reusable launch system and space plane
at subsonic speeds. The orbiter vehicle flew to one of the two Heading Alignment Cones, located 48 km (30 mi) away from each end of the runway's centerline
Space_Shuttle
Alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics
and favorable band alignment. Holes move downward toward the anode, while electrons drift upward through an electron-selective layer into the metal cathode
Perovskite_solar_cell
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance