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Intrinsic quantum property of particles
related to Spin (intrinsic angular momentum). Quotations related to Spin (physics) at Wikiquote Goudsmit on the discovery of electron spin Archived 2025-05-28
Spin_(physics)
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up spin or spinning in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Spin or spinning most often refers to: Spin (physics) or particle spin, a fundamental property
Spin
Disordered magnetic state
condensed matter physics, a spin glass is a magnetic state characterized by randomness, besides cooperative behavior in freezing of spins at a temperature
Spin_glass
Scientific field of study
phases of spins on atomic lattices. Condensed matter physics is the largest field of contemporary physics. Historically, condensed matter physics grew out
Physics
Type of subatomic particle
particle physics, a fermion is a subatomic particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics. Fermions have a half-integer spin (spin 1/2, spin 3/2, etc
Fermion
Non-tensorial representation of the spin group
and physics, spinors (pronounced "spinner"; /spɪnər/) are elements of a complex vector space that can be associated with Euclidean space. Spinors can
Spinor
especially, spinmechatronics (or spin mechatronics) concerns the integration of micro- and nano- mechatronic systems with spin physics and spintronics. While spinmechatronics
Spinmechatronics
State of a system in quantum mechanics
electron had a spin, and that furthermore, the magnitude of the spin had to be 1 / 2 . See the history section of the article on spin (physics) for greater
Doublet_state
Physics phenomenon
high energy physics based on theoretical work first proposed in 2021. The experiment was carried by the ATLAS detector measuring the spin of top-quark
Quantum_entanglement
Unsolved physics problem
problem in physics How do the quarks and gluons carry the spin of protons? More unsolved problems in physics The proton spin crisis (or proton spin puzzle)
Proton_spin_crisis
Branch of physics
Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and
Condensed_matter_physics
Symmetry between bosons and fermions
framework in physics that suggests the existence of a symmetry between particles with integer spin (bosons) and particles with half-integer spin (fermions)
Supersymmetry
Class of subatomic particle
In particle physics, a boson (/ˈboʊzɒn/ /ˈboʊsɒn/) is a subatomic particle whose spin quantum number has an integer value (0, 1, 2, ...). The class of
Boson
Subatomic particle with no charge
the Sun. Neutron properties and interactions are described by nuclear physics. Neutrons are not elementary particles; each is composed of three quarks
Neutron
Transport phenomenon in physics
to spin polarization in a localized conducting region. For a review of spin Hall effect, see for example: Dyakonov, Mikhail I. (2008). Spin Physics in
Spin_Hall_effect
Diagram used to represent quantum field theory calculations
In physics, a spin network is a type of diagram which can be used to represent states and interactions between particles and fields in quantum mechanics
Spin_network
Center focusing on proton-proton scattering experiments
The University of Michigan Spin Physics Center focuses on studies of spin effects in high polarized proton-proton elastic and inelastic scattering. These
Michigan_Spin_Physics_Center
Field of physics that studies atomic interactions
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of
Nuclear_physics
Elementary particle, fundamental constituent of matter
charge, mass, color charge, and spin. They are the only elementary particles in the Standard Model of particle physics to experience all four fundamental
Quark
Science that understands human crowds
is represented by a grid of spaces, each of which is occupied by a Spin (physics), numerically ±1. Mathematically, the final energy state of the system
Social_physics
Concept in differential geometry
notion of a spinor in differential geometry. Spin structures have wide applications to mathematical physics, in particular to quantum field theory where
Spin_structure
Conserved physical quantity; rotational analogue of linear momentum
However, in quantum physics, there is another type of angular momentum, called spin angular momentum, represented by the spin operator S. Spin is often depicted
Angular_momentum
British physicist (1902–1984)
1969, and a professor of physics at Florida State University from 1970 to 1984. Dirac shared the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics with Erwin Schrödinger "for
Paul_Dirac
Theorem in quantum mechanics
for the spin–statistics theorem cannot be given despite the fact that the theorem is so simple to state. In The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard
Spin–statistics_theorem
Ratio of magnetic moment and angular momentum
tests for theories in particle physics, in particular the Standard Model. The spin magnetic moment of a charged, spin 1/2 particle that does not possess
G-factor_(physics)
Notation for conserved quantities in physics and chemistry
These rules are empirical but they can be related to electron physics. When one takes the spin–orbit interaction into consideration, the L and S operators
Quantum_number
Relativistic interaction in quantum physics
mechanics, the spin–orbit interaction (also called spin–orbit effect or spin–orbit coupling) is a relativistic interaction of a particle's spin with its motion
Spin–orbit_interaction
Projection of spin along the direction of momentum
In physics, helicity is the projection of the spin onto the direction of momentum. Mathematically, helicity is the sign of the projection of the spin vector
Helicity_(particle_physics)
Soviet-American theoretical physicist (1927–2025)
condensed matter physics and spintronics, especially the Rashba effect in spin physics, and also for the prediction of electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR)
Emmanuel_Rashba
Elementary particle involved with rest mass
Standard Model of particle physics produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, one of the fields in particle physics theory. In the Standard Model
Higgs_boson
Topics referred to by the same term
The term spin matrix refers to a number of matrices, which are related to Spin (physics). Pauli matrices, also called the "Pauli spin matrices". Generalizations
Spin_matrix
Compact astronomical body
set out to apply the idea to stars. He assumed spherical symmetry with no spin and found a solution to Einstein's equations. A few months after Schwarzschild
Black_hole
Wave which propagates through a magnetic material
In condensed matter physics, a spin wave is a propagating disturbance in the ordering of a magnetic material. These low-lying collective excitations occur
Spin_wave
Quantum number parameterizing spin and angular momentum
the spin quantum number is a quantum number (designated s) that describes the intrinsic angular momentum (or spin angular momentum, or simply spin) of
Spin_quantum_number
Quantum number related to the weak interaction
In nuclear physics and particle physics, isospin ( I ) is a quantum number related to the up- and down quark content of the particle. Isospin is also known
Isospin
Solid-state electronics based on electron spin
Spintronics (a portmanteau of spin transport electronics), also known as spin electronics, is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated
Spintronics
Hadron (subatomic particle) that is composed of three quarks
In particle physics, a baryon is a type of composite subatomic particle that contains an odd number of valence quarks, conventionally three. Protons and
Baryon
Austrian physicist (1900–1958)
the Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle". The discovery involved spin theory, which is
Wolfgang_Pauli
Phase of matter
matter physics, a quantum spin liquid is a phase of matter that can be formed by interacting quantum spins in certain magnetic materials. Quantum spin liquids
Quantum_spin_liquid
Quantum state of a system
a triplet state, or spin triplet, is the quantum state of an object such as an electron, atom, or molecule, having a quantum spin S = 1. It has three
Triplet_state
Subatomic particle; made of equal numbers of quarks and antiquarks
In particle physics, a meson (/ˈmiːzɒn, ˈmɛzɒn/) is a type of hadronic subatomic particle composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks, usually
Meson
List of particles in matter including fermions and bosons
hypothesized molecular, atomic, and subatomic particles in particle physics, condensed matter physics and cosmology. Elementary particles are particles with no
List_of_particles
Spinning physics toy
considering dry friction forces at the contact point. Euler's Disk – another spinning physics toy that exhibits surprising behavior Tennis racket theorem – a similar
Tippe_top
Collapsed core of a massive star
Daniele; Rea, Nanda (2013). "Too much "pasta" for pulsars to spin down". Nature Physics. 9 (7): 431–434. arXiv:1304.6546. Bibcode:2013NatPh...9..431P
Neutron_star
Theoretical model in physics
Luttinger's theorem Strongly correlated quantum spin liquid Phillips, Philip (2008). Advanced Solid State Physics. Perseus Books. p. 224. ISBN 978-81-89938-16-1
Fermi_liquid_theory
Swiss theoretical physicist (born 1958)
the quantum theory of condensed-matter- and solid-state physics. In particular, he studies spin- and charge-effects in semiconducting and magnetic nanostructures
Daniel_Loss
Topics referred to by the same term
space, used in quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. Spin (physics) the spin property of elementary particles. A kind of Torsion field, used in
Spin_field
Elementary particles with a spin of 1/2
classical physics; they are among the simplest systems whose description requires quantum mechanics. As such, the study of the behavior of spin-1/2 systems
Spin_1/2
Matrices important in quantum mechanics and the study of spin
Euler's four-square identity For higher spin generalizations of the Pauli matrices, see Spin (physics) § Higher spins Exchange matrix (the first Pauli matrix
Pauli_matrices
Theory with particles of spin more than two
Higher-spin theory or higher-spin gravity is a common name for field theories that contain massless fields of spin greater than two. Usually, the spectrum
Higher-spin_theory
Behavior of electrons in condensed matter physics
In condensed matter physics, spin–charge separation is an unusual behavior of electrons in some materials in which they 'split' into three independent
Spin–charge_separation
Something that has mass and volume
Various types of mass are defined within physics – including rest mass, inertial mass, and relativistic mass. In physics, matter is sometimes equated with particles
Matter
Spinning toy
mathematics and physics of the top can be found in the four volume monograph of Felix Klein et al. There are many official competitions for top spinning as a sport
Spinning_top
American theoretical physicist (1918–1994)
was an American theoretical physicist. He shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics with Richard Feynman and Shin'ichirō Tomonaga "for their fundamental work
Julian_Schwinger
Theory of the strong nuclear interactions
matter physics. For example, the notion of gauge invariance forms the basis of the well-known Mattis spin glasses, which are systems with the usual spin degrees
Quantum_chromodynamics
Non-mathematical introduction
electron's spin and found the experimentally observed value, which was too large to be that of a spinning charged sphere governed by classical physics. He was
Introduction to quantum mechanics
Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics
Quantum mechanics taking into account particles near or at the speed of light
application in high-energy physics, particle physics and accelerator physics, as well as atomic physics, chemistry and condensed matter physics. Non-relativistic
Relativistic quantum mechanics
Relativistic_quantum_mechanics
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
paradox for spin observables". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics. 38 (4): 879–887
Quantum_mechanics
Mathematical model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics
represent magnetic dipole moments of atomic "spins" that can be in one of two states (+1 or −1). The spins are arranged in a graph, usually a lattice (where
Ising_model
Fluid which flows without losing kinetic energy
exotic states of matter theorized to exist in astrophysics, high-energy physics, and theories of quantum gravity. The semi-phenomenological theory of superfluidity
Superfluidity
Topics referred to by the same term
Spin-orbital may mean: Spin-orbital, a type of orbital Spin (orbital), a movement of an orbital Spin (physics), a physics term This disambiguation page
Spin-orbital_(disambiguation)
Study of subatomic particles and forces
Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation. The field also studies combinations
Particle_physics
Two systems are coupled if they are interacting with each other
Pain, H.J. (1993). The Physics of Vibrations and Waves (Fourth ed.). West Sussex, England: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-93742-8. "5.5 Spin-Spin Coupling". Chemistry
Coupling_(physics)
ISBN 978-0-19-965597-7. Pais, Abraham. "George Uhlenbeck and the discovery of electron spin." Physics Today 42.12 (1989): 34-40. Aczel, Amir D., Entanglement, pp. 51ff. (Penguin
History_of_quantum_mechanics
unsolved problems grouped into broad areas of physics. Some of the major unsolved problems in physics are theoretical, meaning that existing theories
List of unsolved problems in physics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics
Physical magnetic effect
Avalanche Technology, Crocus Technology and Spin Transfer Technologies. Magnetoresistive RAM Spin (physics) Memristor Spintronics Bhatti, Sabpreet; Sbiaa
Spin-transfer_torque
Physical quantity
the conservation of energy is a consequence of the fact that the laws of physics do not change over time. Thus, since 1918, theorists have understood that
Energy
Overview of and topical guide to physics
following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to physics: Physics – natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion
Outline_of_physics
Smallest unit of a chemical element
the original on 29 September 2006. Hornak, J.P. (2006). "Chapter 3: Spin Physics". The Basics of NMR. Rochester Institute of Technology. Archived from
Atom
Response of spin to electromagnetic radiation
Protons in Colloidal Systems by the Pulsed-Gradient, Spin-Echo Method". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 49 (4): 1768. Bibcode:1968JChPh..49.1768T. doi:10
Spin_echo
Subatomic particle having no substructure
In the Standard Model of particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles
Elementary_particle
Topics referred to by the same term
earth metals, and hydrogen and helium Spin (physics) s, an abbreviation for solid S-matrix for how a particle physics system works under a scattering process
S_(disambiguation)
State space for internal degrees of freedom of a subatomic particle
the spin state of a particle in quantum mechanics, or the color, isospin and hypercharge state of particles in the Standard Model of particle physics. Formally
Multiplet
Specification of a derivative along a tangent vector of a manifold
component. The name is motivated by the importance of changes of coordinate in physics: the covariant derivative transforms covariantly under a general coordinate
Covariant_derivative
Double cover Lie group of the special orthogonal group
A distinct article discusses the spin representations. The spin group is used in physics when describing the symmetries of (electrically neutral, uncharged)
Spin_group
Description of a quantum-mechanical system
Klein–Gordon equation describes spin-less particles, while the Dirac equation describes spin-1/2 particles. Introductory courses on physics or chemistry typically
Schrödinger_equation
Type of model in quantum statistical physics
A spin chain is a type of model in statistical physics. Spin chains were originally formulated to model magnetic systems, which typically consist of particles
Spin_chain
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
Partha (1996). "Relativistic quantum mechanics of spin-0 and spin-1 bosons". Foundations of Physics. 26 (11): 1441–1455. Bibcode:1996FoPh...26.1441G.
De_Broglie–Bohm_theory
Particle accelerator
interaction in its 12 ft hydrogen bubble chamber for the first time in 1970); spin physics of hadrons (utilizing a polarized accelerated proton beam in the GeV
Zero_Gradient_Synchrotron
Exterior algebraic map taking tensors from p forms to n-p forms
perspectives, making contacts to the use of the two-spinor language in modern physics such as spinor-helicity formalism or twistor theory. The Hodge star
Hodge_star_operator
Regular pattern of magnetic moment ordering
antiparallelism of adjacent spins; i.e. it is not possible to construct a network where each spin is surrounded by opposite neighbour spins. It can only be determined
Antiferromagnetism
Theory of forces and subatomic particles
The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions
Standard_Model
electronic and nuclear spins organize into different patterns. Such states of matter are studied in condensed matter physics. In extreme conditions found
List_of_states_of_matter
Class of elementary particles
marks, boxes, or other symbols. In particle physics, a lepton is an elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1/2) that does not undergo strong interactions
Lepton
Mathematical function of two variables; outputs 1 if they are equal, 0 otherwise
For Students of Physics and Related Fields (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-09503-5. Penrose, Roger (June 1960). "A spinor approach to general
Kronecker_delta
Dutch-American physicist (1902–1978)
electron spin with George Eugene Uhlenbeck in 1925. Goudsmit, along with Uhlenbeck, was nominated numerous times for the Nobel Prize in Physics for their
Samuel_Goudsmit
Theoretical massless elementary particle
In theoretical physics, a continuous spin particle (CSP), sometimes called an infinite spin particle, is a massless particle never observed before in nature
Continuous_spin_particle
Shorthand notation for tensor operations
In mathematics, especially the usage of linear algebra in mathematical physics and differential geometry, Einstein notation (also known as the Einstein
Einstein_notation
Property of a rotating ball
Mind-Bending Physics of a Tennis Ball's Spin". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2023-10-05. "Professor Robert B. Laughlin, Department of Physics, Stanford
Topspin
Array of numbers describing a metric connection
In mathematics and physics, the Christoffel symbols are an array of numbers describing a metric connection. The metric connection is a specialization
Christoffel_symbols
Fact that observing a situation changes it
In physics, the observer effect is the disturbance of a system by the act of observation. This is often the result of utilising instruments that, by necessity
Observer_effect_(physics)
Physical systems hotter than any other
Journal of Physics. 72 (3–4): 106–112. Bibcode:1994CaJPh..72..106N. doi:10.1139/p94-017. ISSN 0008-4204. Varga, Peter (1998). "Minimax games, spin glasses
Negative_temperature
In physics, proton and neutron magnetism
have an intrinsic magnetic moment, it must have both spin and electric charge. The nucleons have spin 1 2 {\displaystyle \ {\tfrac {\ \!1\ \!}{2}}}
Nucleon_magnetic_moment
Physics of bouncing balls
spinning ball". NASA. Retrieved 2017-02-02. Nathan, A. M. (2008). "The effect of spin on the flight of a baseball" (PDF). American Journal of Physics
Bouncing_ball
Interdisciplinary science
interdisciplinary science that applies approaches and methods traditionally used in physics to study biological phenomena. Molecular biophysics typically addresses
Biophysics
1922 physical experiment demonstrating that atomic spin is quantized
Leighton, Robert B.; Sands, Matthew L. (2006) [1966]. "5. Spin One". The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Vol. 3 (Definitive ed.). San Francisco, Calif.: Pearson
Stern–Gerlach_experiment
Proposed semiconductor implementation of quantum computers
Eriksson, Mark A. (2019-08-01). "Quantum computing with semiconductor spins". Physics Today. 72 (8): 38. Bibcode:2019PhT....72h..38V. doi:10.1063/PT.3.4270
Spin_qubit_quantum_computer
Structure that repeats in time; a novel type or phase of non-equilibrium matter
In condensed matter physics, a time crystal is a quantum system of particles whose lowest-energy state is one in which the particles are in repetitive
Time_crystal
Chinese-American physicist (1963–2018)
bags Europhysics prize". Physics World. June 21, 2010. Retrieved December 7, 2018. Five physicists who brought us the quantum spin-Hall effect and topological
Shoucheng_Zhang
Magnetic property of ordinary materials
energy per volume). This formula takes into account the spin degeneracy of the carriers (spin-1/2 electrons). In doped semiconductors the ratio between
Diamagnetism
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