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Atomic model introduced by Niels Bohr in 1913
In atomic physics, the Bohr model or Rutherford–Bohr model is an obsolete model of the atom that incorporated some early quantum concepts. Developed from
Bohr_model
Extension of the Bohr model
The Bohr–Sommerfeld model (also known as the Sommerfeld model or Bohr–Sommerfeld theory) was an extension of the Bohr model to allow elliptical orbits
Bohr–Sommerfeld_model
Danish physicist (1885–1962)
was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research. Bohr developed the Bohr model of the atom, in which he proposed that energy levels of electrons
Niels_Bohr
Unit of length about the size of a hydrogen atom
is named after Niels Bohr, due to its role in the Bohr model of an atom. Its value is 5.29177210544(82)×10−11 m. The name "bohr" was also suggested for
Bohr_radius
1911 theoretical description of an atom
propose a model for the atom. Niels Bohr joined Rutherford's lab and developed a theory for the electron motion which became known as the Bohr model. Throughout
Rutherford_model
Unit of magnetic moment
In atomic physics, the Bohr magneton (symbol μB) is a physical constant and the natural unit for expressing the magnetic moment of an electron caused by
Bohr_magneton
Predecessor to modern quantum mechanics (1900–1925)
Arnold Sommerfeld's enhancements to the Bohr model of the atom. The main tool of the old quantum theory was the Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization condition, a
Old_quantum_theory
Physical constants of energy and wavenumber
spectral series, but Niels Bohr later showed that its value could be calculated from more fundamental constants according to his model of the atom. Before the
Rydberg_constant
Function describing an electron in an atom
wavelength, which appeared in hindsight a dozen years after the Bohr model was proposed. The Bohr model was able to explain the emission and absorption spectra
Atomic_orbital
Number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom
Bohr who was at the same lab (and who had used Van den Broek's hypothesis in his Bohr model of the atom), decided to test Van den Broek's and Bohr's hypothesis
Atomic_number
results. Bohr provided a derivation based on an atomic model, a result taken as substantial evidence in favor of his model. Bohr also used he model to describe
History_of_atomic_theory
did not gain a theoretical underpinning until the Bohr model was introduced. Not only did the Bohr model explain the reasons for the structure of the Rydberg
History_of_quantum_mechanics
Smallest unit of a chemical element
Atomic Nucleus and Bohr's Early Model of the Atom". NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Archived from the original on 20 August 2007. Bohr, Niels (11 December
Atom
Field of physics that studies the atom
no such rules for excitation by collision processes. The Bohr model, proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913, is a revolutionary theory describing the structure
Atomic_physics
Principal energy levels in atomic physics
In 1913, Niels Bohr proposed a model of the atom, giving the arrangement of electrons in their sequential orbits. At that time, Bohr allowed the capacity
Electron_shell
1914 confirmation of the atom's quantum nature
proved to be consistent with the Bohr model for atoms that had been proposed the previous year by Niels Bohr. The Bohr model was a precursor of quantum mechanics
Franck–Hertz_experiment
In addition to the model of the atom, Niels Bohr also proposed a model of the chemical bond. He proposed this model first in the article "Systems containing
Bohr model of the chemical bond
Bohr_model_of_the_chemical_bond
System of measurement
this system is the radius of the first Bohr orbit and their velocity is the electron velocity in Bohr's model of the first orbit. In 1959, Shull and Hall
Atomic_units
Danish physicist (1922–2009)
connection". His father was Niels Bohr. Starting from Rainwater's concept of an irregular-shaped liquid drop model of the nucleus, Bohr and Mottelson developed
Aage_Bohr
Dimensionless number that quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction
named by Arnold Sommerfeld, who introduced it in 1916 when extending the Bohr model of the atom. α {\displaystyle \alpha } quantified the gap in the fine
Fine-structure_constant
Important atomic emission spectra
electron, each with its own energy. These states were visualized by the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom as being distinct orbits around the nucleus. Each
Hydrogen_spectral_series
Process involving electrons
and the atom would cease to exist. This model is clearly wrong. In 1913, Niels Bohr refined the Rutherford model by stating that the electrons existed in
Photoinduced charge separation
Photoinduced_charge_separation
Description of a quantum-mechanical system
discrete energy levels, and de Broglie reproduced the Bohr model formula for the energy levels. The Bohr model was based on the assumed quantization of angular
Schrödinger_equation
Physical constant in quantum mechanics
the development of Niels Bohr 's atomic model and Bohr quoted him in his 1913 paper of the Bohr model of the atom. Bohr's model went beyond Planck's abstract
Planck_constant
Energy needed to remove an electron
hydrogen atom ( Z = 1 {\displaystyle Z=1} ) can be evaluated in the Bohr model, which predicts that the atomic energy level n {\displaystyle n} has energy
Ionization_energy
Japanese physicist (1865–1950)
Nagaoka himself abandoned his proposed model in 1908. Rutherford and Niels Bohr would present the more viable Bohr model in 1913. Nagaoka later did research
Hantaro_Nagaoka
Formula for spectral line wavelengths in alkali metals
through the semi-classical Bohr model and through fully quantum-mechanical treatments of the hydrogen atom. In the Bohr model, electrons occupy quantized
Rydberg_formula
Number assigned to each electron shell in an atom
semiclassical Bohr model of the atom, distinguishing between different energy levels. With the development of modern quantum mechanics, the simple Bohr model was
Principal_quantum_number
Model of electrical conduction
the Drude model was inaccurate for all galvanomagnetic phenomena. The same year Niels Bohr also showed in his thesis that (according to Bohr–Van Leeuwen
Drude_model
Quantum mechanical property
about a nucleus is a prime example of quantum orbital motion. While the Bohr model describes the electron's motion as uniform circular motion, analogous
Orbital_motion_(quantum)
Atom of the element hydrogen
shortcomings were resolved by Arnold Sommerfeld's modification of the Bohr model. Sommerfeld introduced two additional degrees of freedom, allowing an
Hydrogen_atom
First modern model of the atom
Rutherford's model, made progress towards understanding atomic spectra. That would have to wait until Niels Bohr built the first quantum-based atom model. Thomson's
Plum_pudding_model
Deep-red spectral line of hydrogen
atmosphere, including solar prominences and the chromosphere. According to the Bohr model of the atom, electrons exist in quantized energy levels surrounding the
Hydrogen-alpha
1925 physics article by Werner Heisenberg
ISBN 978-0-19-888390-6. Kragh, Helge (2012-05-03). Niels Bohr and the Quantum Atom: The Bohr Model of Atomic Structure 1913-1925. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-163046-0
Umdeutung_paper
New Zealand physicist and chemist (1871–1937)
Geiger and Ernest Marsden. In 1912, he invited Niels Bohr to join his lab, leading to the Bohr model of the atom. In 1917, he performed the first artificially
Ernest_Rutherford
Danish chemist (1879–1958)
not rotate. This phenomenon was mentioned by Niels Bohr as contributing greatly to his 1913 model of the atom because it provided agreement with specific
Niels_Bjerrum
Periodic table of the elements with eight or more periods
nucleus, which is predicted to push the limit further to Z ≈ 173. The Bohr model exhibits difficulty for atoms with atomic number greater than 137, for
Extended_periodic_table
Model of subatomic particles
of all the new information, of which the 1913 model of Niels Bohr came to predominate. The Bohr model proposed electrons in circular orbit around the
Toroidal_ring_model
Physics principle formulated by Niels Bohr
classical prediction (valid for large wavelength). Niels Bohr used a similar idea, while developing his model of the atom. In 1913, he provided the first postulates
Correspondence_principle
Gives the total power radiated by an accelerating, nonrelativistic point charge
implication is that an electron orbiting around a nucleus, as in the Bohr model, should lose energy, fall to the nucleus and the atom should collapse
Larmor_formula
Universal symbol of Atheism
Atomic Model Observations and Limitations In Detail". BYJUS. Retrieved 2025-01-17. Kragh, Helge (17 May 2012). Niels Bohr and the Quantum Atom: The Bohr Model
Atomic_whirl
Details in the emission spectrum of an atom
explanation was first given by Niels Bohr in 1914, who suggested that the orbits of electrons in his Bohr model of the atom precessed due to relativistic
Fine_structure
Topics referred to by the same term
moment proposed by Niels Bohr Bohr model, an atomic theory due to Niels Bohr Bohr radius, a radius of atomic orbit in Bohr model Bohrium, a chemical element
Bohr_(disambiguation)
Scientific background leading to the discovery of subatomic particles
group, he developed the Bohr model for electrons orbiting the nucleus in 1913. The Bohr model eventually led to an atomic model based on quantum mechanics
Discovery_of_the_neutron
Study of matter-light interactions at small scales
Bohr model to Hydrogen, and numerous other reasons, lead to an entirely new mathematical model of matter and light: quantum mechanics. Early models to
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
Atomic,_molecular,_and_optical_physics
1913 model of abrupt transitions of quantum systems
to a lower energy level. The concept was introduced by Niels Bohr, in his 1913 Bohr model. A quantum jump is a phenomenon that is peculiar to quantum systems
Quantum_jump
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
can eject electrons from the material. Niels Bohr then developed Planck's ideas about radiation into a model of the hydrogen atom that successfully predicted
Quantum_mechanics
Deliberately simplistic scientific model
universe, a simple expanding universe model; the Bohr model of the atom, a "semi-classical" quantum mechanical model of the atom, which can be solved exactly
Toy_model
Set of ultraviolet wavelengths emitted by hydrogen
1914, when Niels Bohr produced his Bohr model theory, the reason why hydrogen spectral lines fit Rydberg's formula was explained. Bohr found that the electron
Lyman_series
Energy–frequency relation in quantum mechanics
Cohen-Tannoudji, Diu & Laloë (1973/1977), p. 27. Flowers et al. (n.d), 6.2 The Bohr Model van der Waerden (1967), p. 5. Cohen-Tannoudji, C., Diu, B., Laloë, F.
Planck_relation
Hydrogen spectral series
with a neutral helium line seen in hot stars. Astronomical spectroscopy Bohr model Hydrogen spectral series Lyman series Rydberg formula Balmer jump Stellar
Balmer_series
Experiments proving existence of atomic nuclei
development of the planetary Rutherford model of the atom and eventually the Bohr model. The prevailing model of atomic structure before Rutherford's
Rutherford scattering experiments
Rutherford_scattering_experiments
Relationship inferred from observation
the Lyman series, but lacked a theoretical basis until Niels Bohr produced his Bohr model of the atom in 1925. On occasion, what was thought to be an empirical
Empirical_relationship
This topic describes the inventions and discoveries of people of danish origin
proposed by Hans Christian Ørsted. Bohr model — developed by Niels Bohr. Bohr–Van Leeuwen theorem — proposed by Niels Bohr, it states that when statistical
List of Danish inventions and discoveries
List_of_Danish_inventions_and_discoveries
eponym of the topics listed below. Bohr magneton Bohr model Bohr model of the chemical bond Bohr orbital Bohr radius Bohr's frequency condition Bohrium, the
List of things named after Niels Bohr
List_of_things_named_after_Niels_Bohr
Quantum number denoting orbital angular momentum
quantum number was carried over from the Bohr model of the atom, and was posited by Arnold Sommerfeld. The Bohr model was derived from spectroscopic analysis
Azimuthal_quantum_number
Physical phenomenon
Two views of the Auger process using the Bohr model of the atom. (a) illustrates sequentially the steps involved in Auger deexcitation. An incident electron
Auger_effect
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
from the work of Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and others. While the name "Copenhagen" refers to the city where Bohr and Heisenberg worked,
Copenhagen_interpretation
Teaching a complex subject via simpler models
lie-to-children is found in physics and chemistry, where the Bohr model (one type of planetary model) of atomic electron shells is still often used to introduce
Lie-to-children
Unintuitive aspects of quantum mechanics
mechanics of classical physics. Early 20th-century models of atomic physics, such as the Rutherford–Bohr model, represented subatomic particles as little balls
Quantum_weirdness
Austrian physicist
involving quantization of electronic orbitals, thus anticipating the Bohr model (1913) by three years. Haas's paper, however, was initially rejected and
Arthur_Erich_Haas
Mode of arrangement of electrons in different shells of an atom
semiconductors. Electron configuration was first conceived under the Bohr model of the atom, and it is still common to speak of shells and subshells despite
Electron_configuration
Excited atomic quantum state with high principal quantum number (n)
by the electron in a hydrogen atom. In spite of its shortcomings, the Bohr model of the atom is useful in explaining these properties. Classically, an
Rydberg_atom
Notation for conserved quantities in physics and chemistry
integer steps. The model of the atom, first proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913, relied on a single quantum number. Together with Bohr's constraint that radiation
Quantum_number
Theories of quantum chemistry explained via relativistic mechanics
relativistic correction for the Bohr model). Bohr calculated that a 1s orbital electron of a hydrogen atom orbiting at the Bohr radius of 0.0529 nm travels
Relativistic quantum chemistry
Relativistic_quantum_chemistry
Obsolete theories in natural history and natural philosophy
Bohr model with quantized orbits Electron cloud model following the development of quantum mechanics in 1925 and the eventual atomic orbital models derived
List of superseded scientific theories
List_of_superseded_scientific_theories
Topics referred to by the same term
Bohr's law may refer to: Bohr model Bohr effect Bohr equation Gunslinger effect This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Bohr's
Bohr's_law_(disambiguation)
Natural number
largest element on the periodic table allowed for a point nucleus by the Bohr model and the Dirac equation. "There is a most profound and beautiful question
137_(number)
Topics referred to by the same term
led to the development of the Rutherford model (or planetary model) of the atom and eventually to the Bohr model Rutherford (lunar crater), a small impact
Rutherford
Mathematical structures that allow quantum mechanics to be explained
theoretical physics of the time. Bohr and Sommerfeld went on to modify classical mechanics in an attempt to deduce the Bohr model from first principles. They
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
Mathematical_formulation_of_quantum_mechanics
German–British physicist (1882–1970)
energy values of the hydrogen atom and found that they agreed with the Bohr model. Another important contribution was made by Erwin Schrödinger, who looked
Max_Born
Niels Bohr, a Danish physicist, introduced the concepts of quantum mechanics to atomic structure by proposing what is now known as the Bohr model of the
History_of_chemistry
quantum physicist Niels Bohr c. 1913. The idea of the fixed orbit is considered a major component of the Bohr model (or Bohr theory). "Student Years,
Fixed_orbit
Watchmen character
Manhattan's forehead is marked with the atomic structure (specifically the Bohr model) of hydrogen, which he put on himself, declining a helmet with the atom
Doctor_Manhattan
Atoms with a single valence electron, so they behave like hydrogen
quantization of angular momentum closely parallels that proposed by Niels Bohr (see Bohr model) in 1913, with no knowledge of wavefunctions. In a real atom, the
Hydrogen-like_atom
Formulation of quantum mechanics
formulation of quantum mechanics. Its account of quantum jumps supplanted the Bohr model's electron orbits. It did so by interpreting the physical properties of
Matrix_mechanics
Chemical element with atomic number 2 (He)
Thayer. "The Old Quantum Physics of Niels Bohr and the Spectrum of Helium: A Modified Version of the Bohr Model". San Jose State University. Archived from
Helium
Problem in physics and astronomy
the Einstein–Brillouin–Keller method, which is also the basis of the Bohr model of atomic hydrogen. More recently, as explained further in the quantum-mechanical
Euler's_three-body_problem
German–American physicist (1882–1964)
included the Franck–Hertz experiment, an important confirmation of the Bohr model of the atom. He promoted the careers of women in physics, notably Lise
James_Franck
Reaction that splits an atomic nucleus
electrons (the Rutherford model). Niels Bohr improved upon this in 1913 by reconciling the quantum behavior of electrons (the Bohr model). In 1928, George Gamow
Nuclear_fission
Chemical element with atomic number 1 (H)
Niels Bohr: The Atomic Model. Great Scientific Minds. ISBN 978-1-4298-0723-4. Stern, D. P. (16 May 2005). "The Atomic Nucleus and Bohr's Early Model of the
Hydrogen
Notation in quantum physics
expressed as the difference of two terms. This was later summarized by the Bohr model, which identified the terms with quantized energy levels, and the spectral
Term_symbol
Branch of physics
deriving the model from deeper principles. It is a bit like fitting a curve to data points before you understand what the curve means. The Bohr model of the
Theoretical_physics
1938 achievement in physics
the uranium-235 isotope in that of uranium. Niels Bohr and John Wheeler reworked the liquid drop model to explain the mechanism of fission. In the last
Discovery_of_nuclear_fission
Association of atoms to form chemical compounds
their bonding models on that of Abegg's rule (1904). Niels Bohr also proposed a model of the chemical bond in 1913. According to his model for a diatomic
Chemical_bond
Theoretical framework in physics
field, also exists in the form of particles. In 1913, Niels Bohr introduced the Bohr model of atomic structure, wherein electrons within atoms can only
Quantum_field_theory
German theoretical physicist (1893–1983)
based on atomic and molecular spectroscopy, especially the Sommerfeld-Bohr model: the Theoretical Physics Institute at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
Adolf_Kratzer
Law concerning X-rays emitted by atoms
against the atomic number. This formula can be explained based on the Bohr model of the atom, namely, E = h ν = E i − E f = m e q e 2 q Z 2 8 h 2 ε 0 2
Moseley's_law
Series of public disputes between physicists Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein
The Bohr–Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. Their debates are remembered
Bohr–Einstein_debates
French physicist (1889–1969)
University of Paris and it was in this year that Niels Bohr submitted his first paper on the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. From 1914 until 1919, during
Léon_Brillouin
British chemist and physicist (1766–1844)
A New System of Chemical Philosophy (1808) presented a coherent atomic model, supplied relative atomic weights and symbolic notation, and established
John_Dalton
unknown solar and nebular spectral lines. Niels Bohr quoted him in his 1913 paper of the Bohr model of the atom. Nicholson studied at the University
John_William_Nicholson
Change of an electron between energy levels within an atom
final state, the shorter the photons' wavelength. Danish physicist Niels Bohr first theorized that electrons can perform quantum jumps in 1913. Soon after
Atomic_electron_transition
Measure of the size of an atom
to other atoms by metallic bonds. Bohr radius: the radius of the lowest-energy electron orbit predicted by Bohr model of the atom (1913). It is only applicable
Atomic_radius
Early atomic model
The cubical atom was an early atomic model in which electrons were positioned at the eight corners of a cube in a non-polar atom or molecule. This theory
Cubical_atom
Lagrangian used in classical electrodynamics
classical, electromagnetic interactions of the electrons in an atom. From the Bohr model it was known that they should be moving with velocities approaching the
Darwin_Lagrangian
Elementary particle or quantum of light
Accordingly, Bohr and his co-workers gave their model "as honorable a funeral as possible". Nevertheless, the failures of the BKS model inspired Werner
Photon
Process of drawing correct inferences
science, analogies are often used in models to understand complex phenomena in a simple way. For example, the Bohr model explains the interactions of sub-atomic
Logical_reasoning
Overview of and topical guide to chemistry
models Atomism – natural philosophy that theorizes that the world is composed of indivisible pieces. Plum pudding model Rutherford model Bohr model Thermochemistry
Outline_of_chemistry
German physicist and mathematician (1824–1887)
discrete spectral lines were not explained as electron transitions until the Bohr model of the atom in 1913, which helped lead to quantum mechanics. It was Kirchhoff's
Gustav_Kirchhoff
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