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Difference in percentage rate of return of two investments
In finance, the yield spread or credit spread is the difference between the quoted rates of return on two different investments, usually of different
Yield_spread
Money paid to brokers for giving a borrower willingly to pay high interest rate
A yield spread premium (YSP) is the money or rebate paid to a mortgage broker for giving a borrower a higher interest rate on a loan in exchange for lower
Yield_spread_premium
Type of yield spread
Option-adjusted spread (OAS) is the yield spread which has to be added to a benchmark yield curve to discount a security's payments to match its market
Option-adjusted_spread
Z bonds
The Z-spread, ZSPRD, zero-volatility spread, or yield curve spread of a bond is the parallel shift or spread over the zero-coupon Treasury yield curve
Z-spread
Relationships among bond yields of different maturities
summarize the curve's shape with a "term spread" such as the difference between the 10-year Treasury yield and the 3-month Treasury bill rate. Central
Yield_curve
Topics referred to by the same term
underlying assets Yield spread, difference in percentage rate of return of two instruments Z-spread, on mortgage backed securities Spread limit, a limit
Spread
Phenomenon when shorter term bonds yield higher interest rates than longer term bonds
inverted yield curve is a yield curve in which short-term debt instruments (typically bonds) have a greater yield than longer term bonds. An inverted yield curve
Inverted_yield_curve
Rate of return of an investment
The yield to maturity (YTM), book yield or redemption yield of a fixed-interest security is an estimate of the total rate of return anticipated to be
Yield_to_maturity
Topics referred to by the same term
Yield curve or Yield-curve spread usually refers to the relationships among bond yields of different maturities. Yield curve or Yield-curve spread may
Yield_curve_(disambiguation)
Type of financial purchase on securities
Spread trades are usually executed with options or futures contracts as the legs, but other securities are sometimes used. They are executed to yield
Spread_trade
Bank that specializes in originating and/or servicing mortgage loans
other hand, earning the same yield spread premium, disclose the additional fee to the consumer because the yield spread premium becomes an additional
Mortgage_bank
Bond and yield
The Interpolated Spread, I-spread or ISPRD of a bond is the difference between its yield to maturity and the linearly interpolated yield for the same maturity
I-spread
Financial institutions duration gap
the spread between interest rate sensitive assets and interest rate sensitive liabilities; see Corporate bond § Risk analysis and Yield spread § Yield spread
Duration_gap
Bond issued by a corporation
compensated for this risk by receiving a higher yield than government bonds. The difference in yield—called credit spread—reflects the higher probability of default
Corporate_bond
Measure of a fixed-income instrument's sensitivity to interest rates
the yield definition (for example yield-to-worst or an option-adjusted yield), on the chosen duration, and ignores convexity, roll-down and spread changes
Duration_(finance)
Risk that a borrower or counterparty fails to meet financial obligations
borrowing costs. Because of this, measures of borrowing costs such as yield spreads can be used to infer credit risk levels based on assessments by market
Credit_risk
converted to semi-annually compounded yield to maturity) and a conventional bond is called the "yield spread" or "I-spread." Choudhry, Moorad. Capital Market
Mortgage_yield
Energy released in nuclear weapons explosions
since smaller MIRV warheads, spread out over a pancake-shaped destructive area, are far more destructive for a given total yield, or unit of payload mass
Nuclear_weapon_yield
Type of trading strategy using options
provide a small upside protection as well. In general, bearish strategies yield profit with less risk of loss. Neutral strategies in options trading are
Options_strategy
2011 austerity budget. 21 January 2010 – The Greek/German 10-year debt yield spread surpasses 300 basis points (the interest rate in Greece was 3% above
Greek government-debt crisis timeline
Greek_government-debt_crisis_timeline
Financial metric
Swap spreads are the difference between the yield on a government bond or sovereign debt security and the fixed component of a swap, both of which have
Swap_spread
Finance property of an asset
Raviv, Alon (2016). "How much can illiquidity affect corporate debt yield spread?". Journal of Financial Stability. 25: 58–69. doi:10.1016/j.jfs.2016
Market_liquidity
Business cycle contraction
long-term spread: The spread between a shorter-term rate (like the three-month Treasury yield) and 10-year U.S. bond yields. The long-term Treasury yield spread
Recession
Index intended to forecast economic activity
Credit Index, itself a composite index of six financial indicators, e.g. yield spreads and investor sentiment The Institute for Supply Management’s monthly
Conference Board Leading Economic Index
Conference_Board_Leading_Economic_Index
Income return on an investment expressed as a percentage of its value
In finance, the yield on a security is a measure of the ex-ante return to a holder of the security. It is one component of return on an investment, the
Yield_(finance)
Operational business strategy
the airline. Yield management spread to other travel and transportation companies in the early 1990s. Notable was implementation of yield management at
Yield_management
Type of bond
Bondholders are ready to pay for such protection by accepting a lower yield relative to that of a straight bond. Of course, if an issuer has a severe
Puttable_bond
Type of financial instrument
usually exceed the par or issue price. In certain cases, mainly in the high-yield debt market, there can be a substantial call premium. Thus, the issuer has
Callable_bond
Fair price of a bond
benchmark, usually a government bond yield curve. Set the bond's yield to maturity as the benchmark yield plus a credit spread appropriate to its credit rating
Bond_valuation
The roll yield is the difference between the profit or loss of a futures contract and the change in the spot price of the underlying asset of that futures
Roll_yield
Replacement of one debt obligation with another under different terms
this case the broker receives a credit or what's called yield spread premium (YSP). Yield spread premiums are the cash that a mortgage company receives
Refinancing
1954 U.S. thermonuclear weapon test in the Marshall Islands
Castle Bravo was the first in a series of high-yield thermonuclear weapon design tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands
Castle_Bravo
Overview of corporate finance and corporate finance-related topics
option-like rights within a host financial instrument Option-adjusted spread – Type of yield spread Management buy-in – Of a large interest in a company Public
Outline_of_corporate_finance
Form of distribution marketing
chain by examining whether the internal liquidity risk effect on bond yield spreads becomes greater upwardly along the supply chain counterparties. This
Bullwhip_effect
Graduate School of Business (CKGSB), Professor of Finance. Corporate Yield Spreads and Bond Liquidity, with David Lesmond and Jason Wei, Journal of Finance
Chen_Long_(finance)
18 weekly data series that include seven interest rate series, six yield spreads and five other indicators to capture some element of financial stress:
St. Louis Fed Financial Stress Index
St._Louis_Fed_Financial_Stress_Index
Term in options trading
way corresponds to a long-box spread; done the other way it yields a short box-spread. The pay-off for the long box-spread will be the difference between
Box_spread
Economic theory
Alon (2016-08-01). "How much can illiquidity affect corporate debt yield spread?". Journal of Financial Stability. 25: 58–69. doi:10.1016/j.jfs.2016
Liquidity_premium
Intermediary who facilitates transactional use of debt tied to real estate
and serviced as opposed to sold/brokered. Brokers must also disclose Yield spread premium while Bankers do not. This has created an ambiguous and difficult
Mortgage_broker
Treasury basis trading: bond and futures arbitrage strategy
large losses. In times of market stress—such as sharp movements in Treasury yields or tightening repo conditions—forced unwinds of basis trades can exacerbate
Treasury_basis_trade
Geological process at mid-ocean ridges
Seafloor spreading, or seafloor spread, is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and
Seafloor_spreading
Sovereign debt crisis faced by Greece (2009–2018)
of confidence in the Greek economy, indicated by a widening of bond yield spreads and rising cost of risk insurance on credit default swaps compared to
Greek_government-debt_crisis
Supranational central bank in Europe
here to close spreads." This particular statement triggered a sudden negative reaction on financial markets, with a widening of yield spreads in Spain, Italy
European_Central_Bank
Curve representing a material's response to applied forces
forms bands at the upper yield strength and these bands carrying with deformation spread along the sample at the lower yield strength. After the sample
Stress–strain_curve
Mass acquisition of low-quality corporate bonds by investors in the late 2010s and 2020
swamp the high yield market as it would double the size of the below investment grade bond market. That alone would widen [yield] spreads even without the
Corporate_debt_bubble
the gross margin of non-financial companies. Net interest spread is expressed as interest yield on earning assets (any asset, such as a loan, that generates
Net_interest_spread
Topics referred to by the same term
Party of the Greens and the Left Future (YSP), a Turkish political party Yield spread premium, a cash rebate paid by a lender to a mortgage broker if the broker
YSP
Gross spread refers to the fees that underwriters receive for arranging and underwriting an offering of debt or equity securities. The gross spread for
Gross_spread
Stock in an unlisted private company
high yield and leveraged loan markets with few issuers accessing the market. Uncertain market conditions led to a significant widening of yield spreads, which
Private_equity
Global financial crisis
relatively quick spread of bond market volatility across international borders, resulted in a mass sell-off of bonds and debt funds as yields rose beyond expectations
1994_bond_market_crisis
Acquired control over a company by the purchase of its shares with borrowed money
high yield and leveraged loan markets with only few issuers accessing the market. Uncertain market conditions led to a significant widening of yield spreads
Leveraged_buyout
short-term coupon bearing notes, which are designed to provide an enhanced yield while maintaining certain equity-like risks. Their investment value is derived
Reverse convertible securities
Reverse_convertible_securities
Type of hybrid security
the option to exchange adds value to an investor. Yield on an exchangeable bond is lower than the yield on a straight bond. "Successful placement by KfW
Exchangeable_bond
Arbitrage exploiting differing interest rates
The swap spread is the yield to maturity on the Treasury bond minus the fixed-rate of the swap. Swap Spread = Yield to Maturity of Swap – Yield to Maturity
Fixed_income_arbitrage
Nuclear explosion with much less than expected yield
explosion (such as a nuclear weapon) grossly fails to meet its expected yield. The device still detonates, but the detonation is much weaker than anticipated
Fizzle_(nuclear_explosion)
Response of an optical system to a point source of light
The point spread function (PSF) describes the response of a focused optical imaging system to an idealized point source of light. In casual terms, for
Point_spread_function
Transfers between the Old and New Worlds
for a limited time yields were somewhat higher in the new regions to which they were introduced, a form of ecological release or "yield honeymoon". However
Columbian_exchange
Statistic about an economic activity
six financial indicators such as yield spreads, loan survey information and investor sentiment Interest rate spread (10-year Treasury vs. Federal Funds
Economic_indicator
This led to a crisis of confidence, indicated by a widening of bond yield spreads and the cost of risk insurance on credit default swaps compared to the
Greek government-debt crisis countermeasures
Greek_government-debt_crisis_countermeasures
Measurement of risk in a portfolio
example, include the overall level of the yield curve, the slope of the yield curve, and the credit spreads of the bonds in the portfolio. A portfolio
Fixed-income_attribution
Professional credential offered by the CFA Institute
debt securities, the risk associated with these, and valuations and yield spreads. The curriculum includes coverage of the fundamental framework of derivatives
Chartered_Financial_Analyst
bailouts, a crisis of confidence has emerged with the widening of bond yield spreads and risk insurance on credit default swaps between these countries and
2000s European sovereign debt crisis timeline
2000s_European_sovereign_debt_crisis_timeline
Most powerful nuclear weapon ever tested
Tested on 30 October 1961, the test verified new design principles for high-yield thermonuclear charges, allowing nuclear explosives "of practically unlimited
Tsar_Bomba
Type of root vegetable
America. They were grown for their greens as well as the roots, and could yield edible greens within a few weeks of planting, making them a staple of new
Turnip
Banking regulation framework
Banks must conduct stress tests that include scenarios of widening yield spreads in recessions. Stronger provisioning practices (forward-looking provisioning):
Basel_III
Species of flowering plant with edible seeds
itself. Plant yield is also affected by a combination of phosphorus nutrition and water supply, resulting in a 12% increase in crop yield. Nitrogen nutrition
Chickpea
government bonds. The program's introduction came after a widening yield spreads throughout the eurozone's periphery causing the crisis to escalate.
European Central Bank intervention in the eurozone crisis
European_Central_Bank_intervention_in_the_eurozone_crisis
Uncommon means of buying property
from a private lender, as the hard money lender may also be collecting yield spread. The hard money lender will also charge points of 3% to 6% or more. These
Creative_financing
Type of financial risk
Raviv, Alon (2016). "How much can illiquidity affect corporate debt yield spread?". Journal of Financial Stability. 25: 58–69. doi:10.1016/j.jfs.2016
Liquidity_risk
balance. These payments on interest leave the principal balance unchanged. Yield spread premium A par rate is the lowest interest rate a borrower qualifies for
Glossary of US mortgage terminology
Glossary_of_US_mortgage_terminology
Monetary policy tool
deflationary spirals in 2013–2014, and prevented the widening of bond yield spreads between member states. QE also helped reduce bank lending cost. However
Quantitative_easing
A crush spread is a commodity trading strategy in which the trader takes a long position in soybean futures against short positions in soybean meal futures
Crush_spread
Difference between estimated transaction costs and the amount actually paid
effect of executing a large order on the market and to adjust the bid-ask spread accordingly. They calculate the liquidity cost as the difference between
Slippage_(finance)
Multi-year debt crisis in multiple EU countries, 2009–2010
sharply, a crisis of confidence has emerged with the widening of bond yield spreads and risk insurance on CDS between these countries and other EU member
Eurozone_crisis
Bank holding that clients can access on demand
interest. The same holds true for banks within the EURO currency zone. High-yield accounts pay a higher interest rate than typical NOW accounts and frequently
Transaction_account
American business
similar grounds. A third class action concerning NovaStar's charging of yield spread premium fees, fees paid by the lender to the broker which has come under
Novation_Companies
"Greek/German bond yield spread more than 1,000 bps". Reuters. Retrieved 19 July 2014. Oakley, David; Hope, Kerin (18 February 2010). "Gilt yields rise amid UK
History_of_Greece
Sergey Typlakov. 2010. Originator Performance, CMBS Structures and Yield Spreads of Commercial Mortgages. Review of Financial Studies 23, 3558–3594.
Sheridan_Titman
diets. In this phase of pre-domestication cultivation, early cultivars were spread around the region and slowly developed the traits that came to characterise
History_of_wheat
This led to a crisis of confidence, indicated by a widening of bond yield spreads and risk insurance on credit default swaps compared to other countries
History_of_modern_Greece
Percentage of a sum of money charged for its use
bank rate, base rate, discount rate, coupon rate, repo rate, prime rate, yield to maturity, and internal rate of return. The nominal interest rate is the
Interest_rate
German economist
compares the bond yield spreads between countries within the EMU and Canada, analyses the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on these spreads, and between
Jürgen_von_Hagen
Japanese method of cultivating tea plants under shade
reduce the yield of the following year's first flush. Longer or continuous covering had a greater effect on later growth and subsequent yield. Covered-tea
Shade_cultivation_of_tea
Amortization method
will also increase the borrower's interest rate, but will improve the yield spread premium which the loan originator may receive as compensation from the
Negative_amortization
19th-century expansionist belief in the U.S.
Anglo-Saxonism, and nascent ideas of white chauvinism, implying the inevitable spread of republicanism and the American way. It is one of the earliest expressions
Manifest_destiny
Species of plant
southern cultivars, which had been bred for extended life cycles to maximize yield. This highlights the critical role of ecological factors, such as climate
Mung_bean
Agricultural developments in 1950s–1960s
increase in crop yields. These changes in agriculture initially emerged in developed countries in the early 20th century and subsequently spread globally until
Green_Revolution
Manufacturing process used to create integrated circuits
announced an average yield of ~80%, with a peak yield per wafer of >90% for their 5nm test chips with a die size of 17.92 mm2. The yield went down to 32%
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor_device_fabrication
Plant disease of bananas
management, breeding of resistant cultivars, and genetic engineering will yield worthwhile results. This conclusion comes from an economic analysis which
Panama_disease
Non-bank financial institution
which were until then both highly rated and liquid. In August 2007, CP yield spreads widened to as much as 100bp (basis points), and by the start of September
Structured_investment_vehicle
Uncontrolled fire in forests or open spaces
demonstrated that the chemical composition of PM2.5 from wildfire smoke can yield different estimates of human health outcomes as compared to other sources
Wildfire
Type of investment
redemption yield of 5% per annum and 30 year US Treasury Bonds have a gross redemption yield of 3% per annum (referred to as the risk free yield), the credit
Fixed_income
Viral disease of cereals
leaves, reduced root growth, delayed (or no) heading, and a reduction in yield. The heads of affected plants tend to remain erect and become black and
Barley_yellow_dwarf
Benchmark for mortgage-backed securities
volatility) relative to risk-free government debt. Mortgage yield Option-adjusted spread "Mortgage Banking: Comptroller's Handbook" (PDF). Office of the
Constant_Maturity_Mortgage
Multi-stage fusion-fission nuclear weapon
using nuclear fusion. The most destructive weapons ever created, their yields typically exceed first-generation nuclear weapons by twenty times, with
Thermonuclear_weapon
Term in business
An asset swap is the swap of a fixed investment, like a bond that will yield guaranteed coupon payments, for a floating investment, i.e. an index. It
Asset_swap
its efficiency. Boosting can more than double the weapon's fission energy yield. Staged thermonuclear weapons are arrangements of two or more "stages",
Nuclear_weapon_design
Economic Adjustment Programme for Cyprus" (PDF). Occasional Papers 149 (yield spreads displayed by graph 19). European Commission. 17 May 2013. Retrieved
Economic Adjustment Programme for Cyprus
Economic_Adjustment_Programme_for_Cyprus
American politician and activist (born 1989)
then asked her to yield, to which she replied, "I will not yield because it was a terribly disrespectful comment, and I will not yield to disrespectful
Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez
Computer program for working with tabular data
modifies the cell's contents. In the context of programming languages, this yields a limited form of first-order functional programming. A standard of spreadsheets
Spreadsheet
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