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Concept in cosmology
In relativistic cosmology, Weyl's postulate stipulates that in the Friedmann model of the universe (a fluid cosmological model), the world lines of fluid
Weyl's_postulate
Mathematical structures that allow quantum mechanics to be explained
conventionally termed a "ray". Accompanying Postulate I is the composite system postulate: Composite system postulate The Hilbert space of a composite system
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
Mathematical_formulation_of_quantum_mechanics
Time coordinate used in cosmology
All coordinate points in such a universe are equivalent. Hermann Weyl postulated that "galaxies" in such a universe define geodesics, generalizations
Cosmic_time
Subfield of astronomy
fields. Vaidya metric – Describing radiating black hole spacetimes. Weyl's postulate – Hypersurface-orthogonality in cosmological models. White hole – Hypothetical
Outline_of_astrophysics
Law of physics
In cosmology, the past hypothesis is a fundamental law of physics that postulates that the universe started in a low-entropy state, in accordance with the
Past_hypothesis
Weyl's lemma on hypoellipticity Weyl's paradox (properly the Grelling–Nelson paradox) Weyl's postulate Weyl's theorem on complete reducibility Weyl's
List of things named after Hermann Weyl
List_of_things_named_after_Hermann_Weyl
Theory of interwoven space and time by Albert Einstein
light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance. The first postulate was first formulated by Galileo Galilei (see Galilean invariance). Relativity
Special_relativity
Relation satisfied by conjugate variables in quantum mechanics
Pascual Jordan (1925), who called it a "quantum condition" serving as a postulate of the theory; it was noted by E. Kennard (1927) to imply the Heisenberg
Canonical commutation relation
Canonical_commutation_relation
American economist (1910–2005)
party, Weyl advocating "a loose political organization to work within the Democratic Party and influence it." Their alliance fell apart as the Weyls moved
Nathaniel_Weyl
Mathematical term; concerning axioms used to derive theorems
JSTOR 48736256. Scanlan, Michael (September 1991). "Who were the American postulate theorists?". The Journal of Symbolic Logic. 56 (3): 981–1002. doi:10.2307/2275066
Axiomatic_system
Two interrelated physics theories by Albert Einstein
copes with experiment better than classical mechanics. For instance, postulate 2 explains the results of the Michelson–Morley experiment. Moreover, the
Theory_of_relativity
Physics concept expressed as E = mc²
in the context of Newtonian gravity, the weak equivalence principle is postulated: the gravitational and the inertial mass of every object are the same
Mass–energy_equivalence
Branch of physics which studies the behavior of materials modeled as continuous media
Nonmetricity tensor Ricci curvature Riemann curvature tensor Torsion tensor Weyl tensor Physics Moment of inertia Angular momentum tensor Spin tensor Cauchy
Continuum_mechanics
General-relativistic effect
of relativity Theory of relativity Formulations Foundations Einstein's postulates Inertial frame of reference Speed of light Maxwell's equations Lorentz
Gravitational_time_dilation
Speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum
the motion of the light source. He explored the consequences of that postulate by deriving the theory of relativity, and so showed that the parameter
Speed_of_light
Field of knowledge
non-Euclidean geometries, which do not follow the parallel postulate. By questioning that postulate's truth, this discovery has been viewed as joining Russell's
Mathematics
Basic framework of mathematics
either already proved theorems or self-evident assertions called axioms or postulates. These foundations were tacitly assumed to be definitive until the introduction
Foundations_of_mathematics
Country in West Asia
in the Ararat region. Further origin of the name is uncertain. It is postulated that the name Hay comes from one of the two confederated, Hittite vassal
Armenia
Relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation
energy states through the Pauli exclusion principle. Additionally, Dirac postulated the existence of positively charged holes in the Dirac sea, which he initially
Dirac_equation
Breakdown of conformal symmetry at the quantum level
A conformal anomaly, scale anomaly, trace anomaly or Weyl anomaly is an anomaly, i.e. a quantum phenomenon that breaks the conformal symmetry of the classical
Conformal_anomaly
Representation of mechanical stress at every point within a deformed 3D object
decomposed into two mutually perpendicular vectors. According to the Cauchy Postulate, the stress vector T ( n ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {T} ^{(\mathbf {n} )}}
Cauchy_stress_tensor
Wetting Wetting transition Weyl's postulate Weyl curvature hypothesis Weyl equation Weyl notation Weyl scalar Weyl tensor Weyl transformation What Do You
Index_of_physics_articles_(W)
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
gravitational waves cannot exist in the Newtonian theory of gravitation, which postulates that the physical interactions of gravity propagate at infinite speed
Albert_Einstein
Latin axiom in natural philosophy
principle was used by Charles Darwin and others to defend the evolutionary postulate that all species develop from earlier species through gradual and minute
Natura_non_facit_saltus
Model in particle physics
neutrino masses omitted, and let η {\displaystyle \eta } be a postulated right-handed neutrino Weyl spinor which is a singlet under weak isospin – i.e. a neutrino
Seesaw_mechanism
English mathematician, mathematical physicist (born 1931)
his conformal cyclic cosmology (CCC) theory. In this theory, Penrose postulates that at the end of the universe all matter is eventually contained within
Roger_Penrose
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
correlation-inducing interaction, between observer and object, without using a collapse postulate, and models observers as ordinary quantum-mechanical systems. This stands
Many-worlds_interpretation
Field theory in physics that aims to unify the fundamental forces and particles
that acts on all particles. In hypothetical quantum versions of GR, the postulated exchange particle has been named the graviton. In the Standard Model,
Unified_field_theory
US Supreme Court justice since 1991
Unified School District v. Redding illustrates his application of this postulate in the Fourth Amendment context. School officials in the Safford case
Clarence_Thomas
American diplomat and accused Soviet spy (1904–1996)
At an April 2007 symposium, authors Kai Bird and Svetlana Chervonnaya postulated that, based on the movements of officials present at Yalta, Wilder Foote
Alger_Hiss
Set of spacetime events, light-connected to a given event
cones so that they are all parallel is reflected in the non-vanishing of the Weyl tensor. Absolute future Absolute past Hyperbolic partial differential equation
Light_cone
Theoretical model of the vacuum
vacuum as an infinite sea of electrons with negative energy. It was first postulated by the British physicist Paul Dirac in 1930 to explain the anomalous negative-energy
Dirac_sea
Foundational principle in quantum physics
of memory with whom one does not agree. It is precisely this kind of postulate which I call the ideal of the detached observer. — Letter from Pauli to
Uncertainty_principle
Claim that human mathematicians are not describable as formal proof systems
to be consistent or fails to be complete. John Lucas and Roger Penrose postulate that this incompleteness does not apply to humans, and conclude that humans
Penrose–Lucas_argument
features of the periodic table. 1925: George Uhlenbeck and Samuel Goudsmit postulate the existence of electron spin. Friedrich Hund outlines Hund's rule of
Timeline_of_quantum_mechanics
Property of a thermodynamic system
from it, but not vice versa. In what has been called the fundamental postulate in statistical mechanics, among system microstates of the same energy
Entropy
were sailing because his discovery was too heretical. Euclid's parallel postulate stated that if two lines cross a third in a plane in such a way that the
List_of_conjectures
Categorization of some philosophers of mathematics
even for such theorems as were deduced by means of classical logic, they postulated an existence and exactness independent of language and logic and regarded
Pre-intuitionism
Mathematical model of the Big Bang
everywhere and in all directions, and that it is expanding, A postulate by Hermann Weyl that the lines of spacetime (geodesics) intersect at only one
Lambda-CDM_model
System of formal deduction in logic
generates theorems from axioms and inference rules, especially if the only postulated inference rule is modus ponens. Every Hilbert system is an axiomatic system
Hilbert_system
Physical theory with fields invariant under the action of local "gauge" Lie groups
Theories of quantum gravity, beginning with gauge gravitation theory, also postulate the existence of a gauge boson known as the graviton. Gauge symmetries
Gauge_theory
Field of physics that studies atomic interactions
inner structure of the atom which caused such scattering led to the postulation of his concept of the 'nucleus'..." "Case studies from the history of
Nuclear_physics
Physics principle
perfectly. Einstein elevated the (special) principle of relativity to a postulate of the theory and combined it with the independence of the speed of light
Principle_of_relativity
Thought experiment in special relativity
between two events, which was also pointed out in the textbooks of Hermann Weyl (1918) or Wolfgang Pauli (1921). Regarding the § Role of acceleration, Laue
Twin_paradox
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
which C {\displaystyle C} cannot be zero as this would conflict with the postulate that ψ {\displaystyle \psi } has norm 1. Therefore, since sin ( k L
Quantum_mechanics
Elementary particle or quantum of light
emitted must equal the rate at which they are absorbed. Einstein began by postulating simple proportionality relations for the different reaction rates involved
Photon
Comprehensive physical model
arbitrary charge assignments. The observed charge quantization, namely the postulation that all known elementary particles carry electric charges which are
Grand_Unified_Theory
Description of a quantum-mechanical system
characterization of an isolated physical system. The equation was postulated by Schrödinger based on a postulate of Louis de Broglie that all matter has an associated
Schrödinger_equation
Particle with opposite charges
disappear too fast. A year later, in 1931, Dirac modified his theory and postulated the positron, a new particle of the same mass as the electron. The discovery
Antiparticle
German philosopher (1889–1964)
to modal logic (the logic of necessity and possibility) and Becker's postulate, the claim that modal status is necessary (for instance that the possibility
Oskar_Becker
Concept that simultaneity depends on choice of reference frame
conventional nature of simultaneity and who argued that it is convenient to postulate the constancy of the speed of light in all directions. However, this paper
Relativity_of_simultaneity
Any of the five regular polyhedra
added a fifth element, aither (aether in Latin, "ether" in English) and postulated that the heavens were made of this element, but he had no interest in
Platonic_solid
Theorem in physics
drew up a list of postulates that he took to be a precise definition of quantum mechanics. Mackey conjectured that one of the postulates was redundant, and
Bell's_theorem
American German physicist (1900–1954)
effect of flux quantization in superconductors and with his brother Heinz postulated that the electrodynamics of superconductors is described by a massive
Fritz_London
Equations in physical cosmology
also assumed the universe was static, eternally unchanging. Einstein postulated an additional term to his equations of general relativity to ensure this
Friedmann_equations
French mathematician (1869–1951)
Riemann spaces may be defined in various ways, the simplest of which postulates the existence around each point of the space of a "symmetry" that is involutive
Élie_Cartan
Theory of science, reconstructing empirical theories
light as vibrations. Fresnel postulated that the vibrations were in a mechanical medium called "ether"; Maxwell postulated that the vibrations were of
Structuralism (philosophy of science)
Structuralism_(philosophy_of_science)
Electromagnetic radiation humans can see
transverse to direction of propagation. In the fifth century BC, Empedocles postulated that everything was composed of four elements; fire, air, earth and water
Light
Fundamental mechanical principles
the action principles have significant advantages: only one mechanical postulate is needed, if a covariant Lagrangian is used in the action, the result
Action_principles
Black holes are characterized only by mass, charge, and spin
study by Sasha Haco, Stephen Hawking, Malcolm Perry and Andrew Strominger postulates that black holes might contain "soft hair", giving the black hole more
No-hair_theorem
Standard that defines a specific range of colors
no such thing as the singular RGB color space. In 1802, Thomas Young postulated the existence of three types of photoreceptors (now known as cone cells)
Color_space
Mathematical transform that expresses a function of time as a function of frequency
ways. To begin with, the basic conceptual structure of quantum mechanics postulates the existence of pairs of complementary variables, connected by the Heisenberg
Fourier_transform
Measured time difference as explained by relativity theory
of the speed of light in all reference frames dictated by the second postulate of special relativity. This constancy of the speed of light means that
Time_dilation
Mathematical model combining space and time
Lorentz's theory of electrons in order to bring it into accordance with the postulate of relativity. While discussing various hypotheses on Lorentz invariant
Spacetime
Hypothesis about sapient life and the universe
Hawking (1973) characterized Carter's then-unpublished big idea as the postulate that "there is not one universe but a whole infinite ensemble of universes
Anthropic_principle
Adages and sayings named after a person
orbital symmetry. Wright's law also known as Experience curve effects postulates that as production doubles, the cost of production will decline by a constant
List_of_eponymous_laws
Convention for synchronising clocks
The philosophy of space & time, Dover, New York, 1958 H. P. Robertson, Postulate versus Observation in the Special Theory of Relativity, Reviews of Modern
Einstein_synchronisation
French mathematician, physicist and engineer (1854–1912)
that scientists have to set the constancy of the speed of light as a postulate to give physical theories the simplest form. Based on these assumptions
Henri_Poincaré
massless and scale invariant. Darkon, unparticle candidate of dark matter Weyl fermions, hypothetical spin-1/2 massless particles, only found as a quasiparticle
List of hypothetical particles
List_of_hypothetical_particles
Formulation of quantum mechanics
given process, then, one adds up, or integrates, the amplitude of the 3rd postulate over the space of all possible paths of the system in between the initial
Path-integral_formulation
Approximation or recovery of classical mechanics in certain theories
with physical theories that predict non-classical behavior. A heuristic postulate called the correspondence principle was introduced to quantum theory by
Classical_limit
Foundational controversy in twentieth-century mathematics
of data. How can we justify this jump? ... Unfortunately, most of the postulate systems that constitute the foundations of important branches of mathematics
Brouwer–Hilbert_controversy
Development of Indian logic
Hindu school of logic, Nyaya. Vaisheshika espouses a form of atomism and postulates that all objects in the physical universe are reducible to a finite number
Indian_logic
Symmetry of physical laws under a charge-conjugation transformation
by the "maximal violation" of C-symmetry in the weak interaction. Some postulated extensions of the Standard Model, like left-right models, restore this
C-symmetry
Subfield of mathematics
geometry became known. In addition to the independence of the parallel postulate, established by Nikolai Lobachevsky in 1826, mathematicians discovered
Mathematical_logic
Attraction of masses and energy
philosopher Archimedes discovered the center of gravity of a triangle. He postulated that if two equal weights did not have the same center of gravity, the
Gravity
Dutch physicist (1853–1928)
invariance of the equations of electrodynamics, and he formulated the "postulate of relativity", terms which he was the first to employ. Let us add that
Hendrik_Lorentz
Byzantine church in Cyprus
with its location between the villages of Lagoudera and Sarandi, it is postulated that the church was privately owned or that it was a monastery as it was
Panagia_tou_Araka
Quantum physics concept
mechanics takes a generalized form of complementarity as a key defining postulate. Copenhagen interpretation Canonical coordinates Conjugate variables Interpretations
Complementarity_(physics)
Hypothetical particle decay process of a proton
(lightest baryon), following Hermann Weyl's 1929 proposed conservation principle. Ernst Stueckelberg formally postulated the baryon number (heavy charge at
Proton_decay
Space that is empty of matter
in quickly enough as the plates were separated, or, as Walter Burley postulated, whether a 'celestial agent' prevented the vacuum arising. Jean Buridan
Vacuum
Function that encodes the dependence of a coupling parameter on the energy scale
by Ernst Stueckelberg and André Petermann in 1953, and independently postulated by Murray Gell-Mann and Francis E. Low in 1954. Murray Gell-Mann and Francis
Beta_function_(physics)
Physical effect in general relativity
of relativity Theory of relativity Formulations Foundations Einstein's postulates Inertial frame of reference Speed of light Maxwell's equations Lorentz
Gravitational_redshift
Euclidean geometry without distance and angles
infinity. In affine geometry, there is no metric structure but the parallel postulate does hold. Affine geometry provides the basis for Euclidean structure
Affine_geometry
Interaction of a quantum system with a classical observer
{\displaystyle [{x},{p}]=i\hbar } , an expression first postulated by Max Born in 1925, recovers the Kennard–Pauli–Weyl statement of the uncertainty principle. The
Measurement in quantum mechanics
Measurement_in_quantum_mechanics
German mathematician and physicist (1864–1909)
entitled H. A. Lorentz, Albert Einstein, Hermann Minkowski, and Hermann Weyl, The Principle of Relativity: A Collection of Original Memoirs. Space and
Hermann_Minkowski
Axiom in Russell's ramified theory of types
and wants to know no more than what follows about it from the postulates. The postulates [of set theory] are to be formulated in such a way that all the
Axiom_of_reducibility
Macroeconomic theory
Supply-side economics is a macroeconomic theory postulating that economic growth can be most effectively fostered by lowering taxes, decreasing regulation
Supply-side_economics
Hypothetical elementary particle
known as the strong CP problem. In 1977, Roberto Peccei and Helen Quinn postulated a more elegant solution to the strong CP problem, the Peccei–Quinn mechanism
Axion
Quantum mechanical statistic
exposition of the idea presented by Louis de Broglie: de Broglie had postulated in 1925 that the relativistic wave function defined on spacetime represents
Quantum_potential
Unconstitutional American political concept
writings of the Founding Fathers. The historical case begins with the postulate that the Union is older than the states. It quotes the reference in the
Secession in the United States
Secession_in_the_United_States
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
that is crucial to determining the dynamics of the inflaton is simply postulated, but not derived from an underlying physical theory Brandenberger 2008
General_relativity
Introductory article
general relativity by postulating a symmetry under any change of coordinates, just as Einstein was completing his work. Later Hermann Weyl, inspired by success
Introduction_to_gauge_theory
American political philosopher (1899–1973)
Strauss wrote that Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was correct when he postulated that an end of history implies an end to philosophy as understood by classical
Leo_Strauss
gravitomagnetic effect in the Cassini radioscience experiment was implicitly postulated by B. Bertotti as having a pure general relativistic origin but its theoretical
Tests_of_general_relativity
Theorem in the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
or sometimes even an ordinary representation on Hilbert space. It is a postulate of quantum mechanics that state vectors in complex separable Hilbert space
Wigner's_theorem
Field of physics that studies the atom
quantized orbits for electrons, combining classical and quantum physics. Key Postulates of the Bohr Model Electrons Move in Circular Orbits Electrons revolve
Atomic_physics
Continuous progression from past to future
theory of relativity, postulated the constancy and finiteness of the speed of light for all observers. He showed that this postulate, together with a reasonable
Time
climate classification system"). 1912: Theory of continental drift and the postulation of the existence of Pangaea by Alfred Wegener 1933: Central place theory
List of German inventions and discoveries
List_of_German_inventions_and_discoveries
Chinese-American mathematician (born 1949)
proposal developed by theoretical physicists dating from the late 1980s, postulates that Calabi−Yau manifolds of complex dimension three can be grouped into
Shing-Tung_Yau
WEYLS POSTULATE
WEYLS POSTULATE
Surname or Lastname
English (Somerset and Devon)
English (Somerset and Devon) : habitational name from Coxley, Somerset, named from Old English cÅc ‘cook’ + lÄ“ah ‘woodland clearing’. Mills notes that the wife of a cook of the royal household is recorded in Domesday Book (1086) as holding lands near Wells in Somerset.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : possibly, as Black postulates, a habitational name from a place recorded in 1661 as Hantestoun.English : variant of Hampton.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Wells, a cypress.
Biblical
wells; a cypress
Surname or Lastname
English (Lancashire)
English (Lancashire) : of uncertain origin. The most plausible suggestion is that it is a Norman nickname from Old French mort ‘dead’ (Latin mortuus), presumably referring to a person of deathly pallor or unnaturally still countenance, or possibly to someone who played the part of death in a pageant. However, it could also be the result of survival into the Middle English period of an Old English personal name, Morta, or an Old English vocabulary word mort ‘young salmon or trout’, both postulated by Ekwall to explain various place names (see for example Morcom).French : either a nickname from Old French mort ‘dead’ (see above), or an alteration, by folk etymology, of the personal name Mor(e) (see Moore 3).
Girl/Female
Biblical
Sulphureous wells.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of several places named with the plural of Old English well(a) ‘spring’, ‘stream’, or a topopgraphical name from this word (in its plural form), for example Wells in Somerset or Wells-next-the-Sea in Norfolk.Translation of French Dupuis or any of its variants.One of numerous early immigrants from England bearing this name was Thomas Welles, governor of colonial CT, who was in Hartford, CT, by 1636.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Bayham in Kent (near Tunbridge Wells), named in Old English with bēag ‘river bend’ + hamm ‘water meadow’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Wells.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Wells, explaining.
Biblical
wells; explaining
Boy/Male
English
Lives by the spring.
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, Jamaican
Springs; From the Wells; From the Spring
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a noisy person, from Middle English lude ‘loud’ (Old English hlūd), perhaps in part preserving the Old English byname Hlūda that Ekwall postulates to explain the place names Loudham (Suffolk) and Lowdham (Nottinghamshire).English : topographic name for someone who lived by a roaring stream, Old English hlūde or hl̄de literally ‘the loud one’, or a habitational name from any of the places named from hl̄de, for example Lyde in Herefordshire and Somerset.English : variant of Louth.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : according to Reaney this is a nickname from an unattested Old English word cybbe meaning ‘clumsy’ or ‘thickset’. Reaney’s speculation is apparently based on taking the Middle English word kibble ‘cudgel’ as a diminutive of an unattested Old English word. Corresponding personal names have been postulated for the place names Kibworth (‘enclosure of a man called Cybba’) and Kibblesworth (‘enclosure of a man called Cybbel’); so, in theory, the surname could be a reflex of these Old English personal names.North German : nickname for a cantankerous person, from Middle Low German, Middle High German kiven ‘to quarrel’.
Biblical
sulphureous wells
WEYLS POSTULATE
WEYLS POSTULATE
Surname or Lastname
English (Cornish)
English (Cornish) : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Vikranath | வீகà¯à®°à®¾à®¨à®¤
Warrior, Powerful
Girl/Female
Australian, Greek
Golden Yellow
Girl/Female
Australian, Jamaican
God is Salvation
Girl/Female
Greek
Artemis.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
From the Garden Estate
Girl/Female
Christian, Greek, Hebrew, Indian, Latin
Heaven's Dew
Boy/Male
Latin
Majestic.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Eyes
Boy/Male
Tamil
WEYLS POSTULATE
WEYLS POSTULATE
WEYLS POSTULATE
WEYLS POSTULATE
WEYLS POSTULATE
n.
A fundamental truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which others are derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth; an elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate.
n.
A place where water boils up; a spring that wells forth.
n.
A gaseous product, formed in coal mines, old wells, pints, etc.
v. t.
To beg, or assume without proof; as, to postulate conclusions.
n.
A postulate.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Postulate
v. t.
To take without express consent; to assume.
n.
The wels.
v. t.
To invite earnestly; to solicit.
a.
Assumed without proof; as, a postulated inference.
n.
The act of postulating, or that which is postulated; assumption; solicitation; suit; cause.
v. t.
To drain, as land; by means of wells, or pits, which receive the water, and from which it is discharged by machinery.
n.
The sheatfish; -- called also waller.
imp. & p. p.
of Postulate
a.
Flat; even; -- a term applied to surfaces and to spaces, whether real or imagined, in which the definitions, axioms, and postulates of Euclid respecting parallel straight lines are assumed to hold true.
a.
Subterranean; -- applied to sources supplying wells.
v. t. & i.
To wail.
n.
An instrument for clutching objects for the purpose of raising them; -- specially applied to devices for withdrawing drills, etc., from artesian and other wells that are drilled, bored, or driven.
a.
Postulated.
a.
Of the nature of a postulate.