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Abelian charge found in electroweak theory
of particle physics, the weak hypercharge is a quantum number relating the electric charge and the third component of weak isospin. It is frequently
Weak_hypercharge
Type of particle charge found in the Standard Model
Y=B+S-{\frac {C-B'+T'}{3}}~.} Strong interactions conserve hypercharge (and weak hypercharge), but weak interactions do not. The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
Hypercharge
Type of weak interaction in nuclear and atomic physics
to other, different quantities, such as weak isospin or weak hypercharge; this article concerns the use of weak charge for a quantity that measures the
Weak_charge
Quantum number related to the weak interaction
electrodynamics; the resulting Z0 and γ0 likewise have zero weak isospin. Weak hypercharge Weak charge Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model Glashow
Weak_isospin
Unified description of electromagnetism and the weak interaction
dynamics of the system. These fields are the weak isospin fields W1, W2, and W3, and the weak hypercharge field B. This invariance is known as electroweak
Electroweak_interaction
Interaction between subatomic particles
property, weak hypercharge, was invented, defined as Y W = 2 ( Q − T 3 ) , {\displaystyle Y_{\text{W}}=2\,(Q-T_{3}),} where YW is the weak hypercharge of a
Weak_interaction
Mathematics of a particle physics model
{\displaystyle \psi _{\mathrm {e} }^{\rm {R}}} (because they have different weak hypercharges). A distinction can thus be made between, for example, the mass and
Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model
Mathematical_formulation_of_the_Standard_Model
Quantum number related to the weak interaction
to the projection of weak isospin T 3 {\displaystyle T_{3}} and the weak hypercharge Y w {\displaystyle Y_{w}} . Isospin and weak isospin are related to
Isospin
Species of elementary particle
defines a quantum number called weak hypercharge, YW, which is −1 for all left-handed leptons. Weak isospin and weak hypercharge are gauged in the Standard
Flavour_(particle_physics)
Angle characterizing electroweak symmetry breaking
be expressed in terms of the SU(2)L and U(1)Y couplings (weak isospin g and weak hypercharge g′, respectively), cos θ w = g g 2 + g ′ 2
Weinberg_angle
Theory of forces and subatomic particles
Quantum chromodynamics, Quark model Weak interaction: Electroweak interaction, Fermi's interaction, Weak hypercharge, Weak isospin Gauge theory: Introduction
Standard_Model
Hypothetical particle that interacts only via gravity
to the strong interaction and the weak interaction, having zero electric charge, zero weak hypercharge, zero weak isospin, and, as with the other leptons
Sterile_neutrino
Elementary particle involved with rest mass
the weak hypercharge U(1) symmetry. Note: This article uses the scaling convention where the electric charge, Q, the weak isospin, T3, and the weak hypercharge
Higgs_boson
Bosons that mediate the weak interaction
together known as the weak bosons or more generally as the intermediate vector bosons. These elementary particles mediate the weak interaction; the respective
W_and_Z_bosons
Grand Unified Theory proposed in 1974
embedded), and the weak hypercharge is treated separately from the color charge. In the Pati–Salam model, part of the weak hypercharge (often called U(1)B-L)
Pati–Salam_model
Comprehensive physical model
SU(2) which allow only discrete charges, the remaining component, the weak hypercharge interaction is described by an abelian symmetry U(1) which in principle
Grand_Unified_Theory
Type of quark
where g3 is the color gauge coupling, g2 is the weak isospin gauge coupling, and g1 is the weak hypercharge gauge coupling. This equation describes how the
Top_quark
American theoretical physicist
shared with John Iliopoulos and Luciano Maiani) Neutral current Tadpole Weak hypercharge List of Jewish Nobel laureates "Glashow". The American Heritage Dictionary
Sheldon_Glashow
Class of elementary particles
fields of the weak isospin SU(2) and the weak hypercharge U(1) symmetries to three massive vector bosons (W+ , W− , Z0 ) mediating the weak interaction
Lepton
Quantum number relating the quantity of quarks and antiquarks in a system
Hyper-Kamiokande HIBEAM/NNBAR Lepton number Flavour (particle physics) Isospin Hypercharge Proton decay B − L Neutrinoless double beta decay Altmannshofer, Wolfgang;
Baryon_number
Grand Unified Theory proposed in 1974
doublet in SU(2), and under the Y = 1/2 representation of U(1) (as weak hypercharge is conventionally normalized as α3 = α6Y); this matches a right-handed
Georgi–Glashow_model
Unitary matrix containing information on the weak interaction
weak interaction. Technically, it specifies the mismatch of quantum states of quarks when they propagate freely and when they take part in the weak interactions
Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix
Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa_matrix
Property of elementary particles
slower weak interaction. In most cases these decays change the value of the strangeness by one unit. This doesn't necessarily hold in second-order weak reactions
Strangeness
Type of quark
reflecting the fact that the two were the "up" and "down" component of a weak isospin doublet. Evidence for the bottom quark was first obtained in 1977
Bottom_quark
Elementary particle with extremely low mass
by the Greek letter ν) is an elementary particle that interacts via the weak interaction and gravity. The neutrino is so named because it is electrically
Neutrino
Elementary subatomic particle with negative electric charge
Like the leptonic decay modes of the tau, the hadronic decay is through the weak interaction. The branching fractions of the dominant hadronic tau decays
Tau_(particle)
One way that particles can interact with the weak force
a transfer of electric charge (as well as a transfer of weak isospin, while weak hypercharge is not transferred), it is known as "charged current". By
Charged_current
Type of quark
experiences all four fundamental interactions: gravitation, electromagnetism, weak interactions, and strong interactions. The antiparticle of the strange quark
Strange_quark
Mechanism that explains the generation of mass for gauge bosons
electric charge is zero; its weak isospin is 1/2 and the third component of weak isospin is −1/2; and its weak hypercharge (the charge for the U(1) gauge
Higgs_mechanism
Quantum number associated with certain grand unification theories
conserved in strong, weak, electromagnetic, gravitational, and Higgs interactions. Because the X charge is related to the weak hypercharge, it varies depending
X_(charge)
Physics property associated with symmetries
the masses of the heavy quarks. Charges include the hypercharge, the X-charge and the weak hypercharge. Hypothetical charges of extensions to the Standard
Charge_(physics)
Hypothetical elementary particles
rotate between a color index and the weak isospin-up index, while Y bosons rotate between a color index and the weak isospin-down index. B − L Grand Unified
X_and_Y_bosons
Type of quark
provide a mechanism—the GIM mechanism—to facilitate the unification of the weak and electromagnetic forces. At the Conference on Experimental Meson Spectroscopy
Charm_quark
Elementary particle with negative charge
that do not feel the strong nuclear force, and only interact through the weak and electromagnetic forces. Electrons are generally thought to be elementary
Electron
Hypothetical particle decay process of a proton
fundamental interactions: α1 for the electromagnetic (hypercharge) interaction, α2 for the weak interaction, and α3 for the strong interaction. They follow
Proton_decay
Type of quark
experiences all four fundamental interactions: gravitation, electromagnetism, weak interactions, and strong interactions. The antiparticle of the up quark is
Up_quark
Feature of a system that is preserved under some transformation
where everything is mirrored along the three physical axes. This excludes weak interactions as demonstrated by Chien-Shiung Wu. T-symmetry (time reversal
Symmetry_(physics)
Subatomic particle
than many other unstable particles because the decay is mediated by the weak interaction and because the mass difference between the muon and the set
Muon
Model in particle physics
the other hand, is forbidden, since no renormalizable singlet under weak hypercharge and isospin can be formed using these doublet components – only a nonrenormalizable
Seesaw_mechanism
Quantum number; the difference between the baryon and lepton numbers
decay into a pion (B = 0, L = 0) and positron (B = 0, L = −1). The weak hypercharge YW is related to B − L via X + 2 Y W = 5 ( B − L ) , {\displaystyle
B_−_L
Method in physics used to deal with infinities
quantum chromodynamics and the weak isospin coupling of the electroweak force tend to decrease, and the weak hypercharge coupling of the electroweak force
Renormalization
Hypothetical force carrier particle connected to dark matter
B^{\mu \nu }} denotes the field strength tensor of the Standard Model weak hypercharge fields. This term arises naturally by writing down all terms allowed
Dark_photon
Hypothetical subatomic particle predicted by supersymmetry
bino is the superpartner of the U(1) gauge field corresponding to weak hypercharge. Sometimes the term "electroweakinos" is used to refer to winos and
Gaugino
Subatomic particle
19 MeV/c2 Electric charge 0 e Color charge No Spin 1/2 ħ Weak isospin 1/2 Weak hypercharge −1 Chirality left-handed (for right-handed neutrinos, see
Muon_neutrino
Subatomic particle
would be Dirac fermions. They are produced in beta decay and other types of weak interactions. Niels Bohr was notably opposed to this interpretation of beta
Electron_neutrino
Flavour quantum number
and electromagnetic interaction, but not under weak interaction (see CKM matrix). For first-order weak decays, that is processes involving only one quark
Charm_(quantum_number)
Subatomic particle
2 MeV/c2 Electric charge 0 e Color charge No Spin 1/2 ħ Weak isospin 1/2 Weak hypercharge −1 Chirality left-handed (for right-handed neutrinos, see
Tau_neutrino
Difference between number of leptons and antileptons
positive muon results in the creation of a muon antineutrino. Finally, the weak decay of a lepton into a lower-mass lepton always results in the production
Lepton_number
Model of neutrino oscillation
lepton that it partners with in the charged-current weak interaction. These three eigenstates of the weak interaction form a complete, orthonormal basis for
Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata matrix
Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata_matrix
Type of quark
experiences all four fundamental interactions: gravitation, electromagnetism, weak interactions, and strong interactions. The antiparticle of the down quark
Down_quark
Theories trying to extend known physics
model has three gauge symmetries; the colour SU(3), the weak isospin SU(2), and the weak hypercharge U(1) symmetry, corresponding to the three fundamental
Physics beyond the Standard Model
Physics_beyond_the_Standard_Model
Term used in physics to refer to the number of bottom quarks
strong and electromagnetic interactions, but not under weak interactions. For first-order weak reactions, it holds that Δ B ′ = ± 1 {\displaystyle \Delta
Bottomness
Particle that is its own antiparticle because all of its generalized charges are zero
are not truly neutral since they have a weak isospin of ±+1/2, or equivalently, a non-zero weak hypercharge, both of which are charge-like quantum numbers
Truly_neutral_particle
Most basic type of physical force
be force carrying particles for approximate symmetries of isospin and hypercharge; Geoffrey Chew, Edward K. Burdett and Steven Frautschi grouped the heavier
Fundamental_interaction
Physics-mathematics connection
with weaker interactions that do not. In the electron example above, the two "types" of electrons behave identically under the strong and weak forces
Particle physics and representation theory
Particle_physics_and_representation_theory
is preserved under strong and electromagnetic interactions, but not under weak interaction. However the top quark is extremely unstable, with a half-life
Topness
hypothetical supersymmetric partner of the gauge field corresponding to weak hypercharge. BIon A BPS solution representing an infinite string ending on a D-brane
Glossary_of_string_theory
Scientific law regarding conservation of a physical property
quantities as mass, parity, lepton number, baryon number, strangeness, hypercharge, etc. These quantities are conserved in certain classes of physics processes
Conservation_law
Q of a quark or hadron particle is related to its isospin I3 and its hypercharge Y via the relation: Q = I 3 + 1 2 Y {\displaystyle Q=I_{3}+{\frac {1}{2}}Y\
Gell-Mann–Nishijima_formula
Remnant symmetry after spontaneous symmetry breaking
be exactly identical. SU(2)R does not map the hypercharge symmetry U(1)Y to itself but the hypercharge gauge coupling strength is small and in the limit
Custodial_symmetry
Low energy fixed point
17\ }{20}}g_{1}^{2}\right)\ ,} where g2 is the weak isospin gauge coupling and g1 is the weak hypercharge gauge coupling. For small or near constant values
Infrared_fixed_point
Bosonic superpartner of a fermion
that sparticle–particle pairs have the same color charge, weak isospin charge, and hypercharge (and consequently electric charge). Unbroken supersymmetry
Sfermion
Type of strange baryon
Ω− has a baryon number of +1 and hypercharge of −2, giving it strangeness of −3. It takes multiple flavor-changing weak decays for it to decay into a proton
Hyperon
Hypothetical particle
According to this hypothesis, there is a long-range very weak field generated by hypercharged particles (for example, baryons), whose quantum carrier is
Hyperphoton
Supersymmetric partner of the Higgs boson
a Dirac fermionic field with spin 1/2 and it refers to a weak isodoublet with hypercharge half under the Standard Model gauge symmetries. After electroweak
Higgsino
Lightest new particle in a supersymmetric model
bino (superpartner of the hypercharge gauge boson field B), with some admixture of neutral wino (superpartner of the weak isospin gauge boson field W0)
Lightest supersymmetric particle
Lightest_supersymmetric_particle
Wave–particle duality Weak-field approximation Weak focusing Weak hypercharge Weak interaction Weak isospin Weak isospin projection Weak localization Weakless
Index_of_physics_articles_(W)
Predicted phase in quark matter
massless "rotated photon". This is an MeV-scale echo of the mixing of the hypercharge and W3 bosons that originally yielded the photon at the TeV scale of
Color_superconductivity
Subatomic particle; lightest meson
139.6 MeV/c2 and a mean lifetime of 2.6033×10−8 s. They decay due to the weak interaction. The primary decay mode of a pion, with a branching fraction
Pion
Isosinglet meson made of quarks and antiquarks
and η and η′ have zero total isospin, I, and zero strangeness, and hypercharge. Each quark which appears in an η particle is accompanied by its antiquark
Eta_and_eta_prime_mesons
Theory of the strong nuclear interactions
quantum numbers including the baryon number, which is 1⁄3 for each quark, hypercharge and one of the flavor quantum numbers. Gluons are spin-1 bosons that
Quantum_chromodynamics
Grand Unified Theory proposed in 1973
. {\displaystyle 10\rightarrow 5_{-2}\oplus {\bar {5}}_{2}.} If the hypercharge is contained within SU(5), this is the conventional Georgi–Glashow model
SO(10)
Hypothetical particles in physics
gauge kinetic mixings between the U(1)′ of the Z′ boson and U(1)Y of hypercharge. This mixing leads to a tree level modification of the Peskin–Takeuchi
W′_and_Z′_bosons
1999 video game
Heroes made it the most accessible. Digital Cybercherries' shooter game Hypercharge: Unboxed (2020), conceived out of the development team's session of watching
Army_Men:_Sarge's_Heroes
Chinese multinational electronics company
Researchers found that 47.6% of the tested Mi Store apps use non-standard and weak encryption protocols, enabling third-party eavesdropping on app traffic.
Xiaomi
4th episode of the 3rd series of Inside No. 9
with the broadest of brush strokes, but that suited the super-annuated, hypercharged nature of the plot and the faintly camp dialogue", praising Pemberton
Empty_Orchestra
Subatomic particle made of a charm quark and antiquark
broken symmetry became the first fully viable contenders for explaining the weak interaction after Gerardus 't Hooft discovered in 1971 how to calculate with
J/psi_meson
2021/2022 Android-based smartphone made by Xiaomi
in particular, was praised while the lack of 5G support was considered a weak point. GSMArena praised its display and main camera. TechRadar gave it 4
Redmi_Note_10
Asymmetry of classical and quantum action
vanishing of the mixed anomaly involving two SU(2) generators and one U(1) hypercharge constrains all charges in a fermion generation to add up to zero, and
Anomaly_(physics)
Constraints on possible particle properties
charged under the SU(2) weak symmetry (because it is the gauge boson associated with a linear combination of weak isospin and hypercharge), it is also moving
Weinberg–Witten_theorem
Rule forbidding the coherence of certain states
and pions of small mass are produced. The SU(Nf) charges, Isospin and Hypercharge and SU(3), make sense. Above the QCD temperature lies a disordered phase
Superselection
Relations between quark-gluon families in particle physics
the electroweak symmetry consisting of the weak isospin S U ( 2 ) W {\displaystyle SU(2)_{W}} and hypercharge U ( 1 ) Y {\displaystyle U(1)_{Y}} is chiral
Family_symmetries
Derivative used in gauge theories
coupling constant g ′ {\displaystyle g'} provides the coupling of the hypercharge Y {\displaystyle Y} to the B {\displaystyle B} boson and g {\displaystyle
Gauge_covariant_derivative
Infrastructure system of charging stations to recharge electric vehicles
many of these chargepoints from Ecotricity's Electric Highway brand. Hypercharge is a North American smart EV charging network and solutions provider
Electric vehicle charging network
Electric_vehicle_charging_network
Subatomic particle
experiment (1977) Types 1 Mass 9.46030(26) GeV/c2 Mean lifetime 1.21×10−20 s Electric charge 0 e Spin 1 ħ Isospin 0 Hypercharge 0 Parity −1 C parity −1
Upsilon_meson
Short-lived hadronic particle that is an isospin triplet
between the photon and rho. In principle the charged rho mesons mix with the weak vector bosons and can lead to decay to an electron or muon plus a neutrino;
Rho_meson
American-Canadian animated television series
sounds intriguing, but what hatches in the first episode is a disappointing, weak strain of comic material, lacking the cunning, subversive quality of, say
Clone_High
by its ferocity, the debate may have led to more temperate and less hypercharged political discourse. "Occasional conformity" was restored by the Whigs
History_of_the_United_Kingdom
Subatomic particle
13 MeV/c2 Mean lifetime (7.58±0.11)×10−23 s Decays into π+ +π0 +π− or π0 +γ Electric charge 0 e Spin 1 Isospin 0 Hypercharge 0 Parity −1 C parity −1
Omega_meson
Hypothetical form of quarkonium
Interactions strong, weak, gravitational, electromagnetic Status hypothetical Antiparticle self Electric charge 0 e Isospin 0 Hypercharge 0 Parity −1 C parity
Theta_meson
Subatomic particle
Antiparticle Self Discovered SLAC (2008) Types 1 Mass 9388.9+3.1 −2.3 MeV/c2 Electric charge 0 e Spin 0 Isospin 0 Hypercharge 0 Parity -1 C parity +1
Bottom_eta_meson
Subatomic particle
Mean lifetime (1.55±0.01)×10−22 s Decays into K+ + K− K0 S + K0 L ρ + π π+ + π0 + π− Electric charge 0 Spin 1 Isospin 0 Hypercharge 0 Parity −1 C parity −1
Phi_meson
WEAK HYPERCHARGE
WEAK HYPERCHARGE
Girl/Female
Tamil
Peak
Girl/Female
Indian
Peak
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, French, German, Hebrew
Hair; Lovelorn; Delicate; Weak
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Leake.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Peak
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Peak
Boy/Male
Hindu
Peak
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Weak
Boy/Male
Arabic
One who has Weak Eyes
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone living by a pointed hill (or regional name from the Peak District (Old English Pēaclond) in Derbyshire), named with Old English pēac ‘peak’, ‘pointed hill’ (found only in place names). This word is not directly related to Old English pīc ‘point’, ‘pointed hill’, which yielded Pike; there is, however, some evidence of confusion between the two surnames.Possibly also Irish : reduced form of McPeak.Major concentrations of the surname Peak are found in Staffordshire and the West Country of England. Among the earliest known bearers are Richard del Pech or del Pek (d. 1196), son of Rannulf, sheriff of Nottingham, and Willielmus Piec (Winchester 1194). A century later, c.1284, a certain Richard del Peke settled in Denbighshire (now part of Clwyd), Wales, receiving lands from Henry de Lacey, earl of Lincoln, in return for helping to control the region. His descendants, who bear the name Peak(e), can be traced to the present day, and are found in New Zealand and Canada as well as in Britain. Peake is also the name of a family descended from John Pyke, who paid rent to the abbot of Leicester in 1477. The name took various forms, such as Peke and Pick, eventually becoming established as Peak in the 17th century.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Weak
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Peak
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Week
Biblical
weak; slacked
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Week.
Boy/Male
Australian, Hindu, Indian
Peak
Boy/Male
Spanish
Weak.
Surname or Lastname
English (Northumbria)
English (Northumbria) : topographic name for someone who lived by the Wear river in northern England. The river name is ancient, occuring in the form Vedra in Ptolemy’s Geographia; it is probably a Celtic word meaning ‘water’.English (Northumbria) : topographic name for someone who lived near a dam or weir, a variant spelling of Ware 1, or a habitational name from a place called Weare, in Devon and Somerset, from Old English wær, wer ‘weir’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Wick, specifically a habitational name from any of various places called Week or Weeke, notably in Cornwall, Hampshire, and Somerset.Americanized spelling of Norwegian or Swedish Vik.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Weak, slacked.
WEAK HYPERCHARGE
WEAK HYPERCHARGE
Girl/Female
Australian, Hindu, Indian
Innocent; Smile; Dark
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Shiva or auspicious or Lucky
Female
Hebrew
(×ï‹×“ֶלְיָה) Hebrew name ODELEYA means "I will praise God."
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
King Maker
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
King and Generous
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Australian, Japanese
Resplendent; Glittering; Shining
Girl/Female
Teutonic Italian
Eager for war.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Supporter, Victorious
Girl/Female
Biblical Latin
Evening, desert, ravens.
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
One who Gets Credit
WEAK HYPERCHARGE
WEAK HYPERCHARGE
WEAK HYPERCHARGE
WEAK HYPERCHARGE
WEAK HYPERCHARGE
v. i.
Lacking ability for an appropriate function or office; as, weak eyes; a weak stomach; a weak magistrate; a weak regiment, or army.
a.
Having a weak mind, either naturally or by reason of disease; feebleminded; foolish; idiotic.
n.
The upper aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail; -- used in many combinations; as, peak-halyards, peak-brails, etc.
v. t.
To cause or make by friction or wasting; as, to wear a channel; to wear a hole.
v. i.
Not able to resist external force or onset; easily subdued or overcome; as, a weak barrier; as, a weak fortress.
v. i.
Not stiff; pliant; frail; soft; as, the weak stalk of a plant.
v. i.
Lacking in elements of political strength; not wielding or having authority or energy; deficient in the resources that are essential to a ruler or nation; as, a weak monarch; a weak government or state.
v. i.
Not having power to convince; not supported by force of reason or truth; unsustained; as, a weak argument or case.
v. i.
Feeble of mind; wanting discernment; lacking vigor; spiritless; as, a weak king or magistrate.
v. i.
Wanting in power to influence or bind; as, weak ties; a weak sense of honor of duty.
v. i.
Not able to sustain a great weight, pressure, or strain; as, a weak timber; a weak rope.
v. i.
Not firmly united or adhesive; easily broken or separated into pieces; not compact; as, a weak ship.
a.
To make or become weak; to weaken.
v. i.
Wanting in point or vigor of expression; as, a weak sentence; a weak style.
v. i.
Not thoroughly or abundantly impregnated with the usual or required ingredients, or with stimulating and nourishing substances; of less than the usual strength; as, weak tea, broth, or liquor; a weak decoction or solution; a weak dose of medicine.
v. i.
To rise or extend into a peak or point; to form, or appear as, a peak.
v. i.
Tending towards lower prices; as, a weak market.
v.
A crack, crevice, fissure, or hole which admits water or other fluid, or lets it escape; as, a leak in a roof; a leak in a boat; a leak in a gas pipe.
v. i.
Not able to withstand temptation, urgency, persuasion, etc.; easily impressed, moved, or overcome; accessible; vulnerable; as, weak resolutions; weak virtue.
a.
Having weak knees; hence, easily yielding; wanting resolution.