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Pump driven by a gas turbine
A turbopump (portmanteau of turbine pump) is an assembly consisting of a liquid pump driven by a gas turbine, connected via a shaft (and occasionally
Turbopump
Rocket engine in SpaceX Falcon launch vehicles
engine (LMDE). Propellants are fed by a single-shaft, dual-impeller turbopump. The turbopump also provides high-pressure fluid for the hydraulic actuators,
SpaceX_Merlin
One of the largest rocket engines to be designed
nominal 1.5 million pounds force, and the designers deliberately added more turbopump capability to allow it to expand to at least 1.8 million and potentially
Aerojet_M-1
Pump designed to create and maintain high vacuum
turbomolecular pump is a type of vacuum pump, superficially similar to a turbopump, used to obtain and maintain high vacuum. These pumps work on the principle
Turbomolecular_pump
Soviet (now Russian) rocket engine, the most powerful in the world
combustion chambers, all supplied by one single-shaft, single-turbine turbopump rated at 170 MW (230,000 hp) in an oxidizer-rich stage combustion cycle
RD-170
Rocket engine
thrust chamber injector received the propellants under pressure from the turbopumps, then mixed them in a manner that produced the most efficient combustion
Rocketdyne_J-2
Space Shuttle and SLS main engine
through low-pressure fuel and oxidizer turbopumps (LPFTP and LPOTP), and from there into high-pressure turbopumps (HPFTP and HPOTP). From these HPTPs the
RS-25
German long-range ballistic missile
Both the alcohol and oxygen tanks were an aluminum-magnesium alloy. The turbopump, rotating at 4,000 rpm, forced the fuel mixture and oxygen into the combustion
V-2_rocket
Intermediate-range ballistic missile
to a turbopump failure. A month later, Atlas 6B also suffered a turbopump failure and the Air Force gave in and agreed to replace the turbopumps in all
PGM-17_Thor
American rocket engine family used on Titan missile first stages
vehicles. Composed of twin motors with separate combustion chambers and turbopump machinery, it is considered a single unit and was never flown as a single
Aerojet_LR87
Soviet nuclear thermal rocket engine
added to the hydrogen after the moderator passage. The hydrogen boost turbopump was designed by KBKhA in Voronezh. Source: Nuclear thermal rocket TEM
RD-0410
pressure of the pumped liquid. Inducers are virtually always included in the turbopumps for liquid propellant rocket engines, although they are also used in other
Inducer_(pump_component)
Rocket engine
Components: Steam, Oxygen Gas Temperature: 275 °C Gas Pressure: 25 bars The turbopump is controlled by an electronic controller which measures outlet pressure
TM65
Rocket engine operation method
non-stoichiometric conditions, increasing the volume of flow driving the turbopumps that feed the engine with propellant. The gas is then injected into the
Staged_combustion_cycle
French rocket engine
liquid hydrogen turbopump. The liquid oxygen turbopump is the responsibility of Avio (Italy), and the gas turbines that power the turbopumps and the nozzle
Vulcain_(rocket_engine)
Soviet rocket engine
simplified pneumatic and hydraulic systems, advanced controls, enhanced turbopumps, an improved combustion chamber, fewer interfaces employing pyrotechnic
NK-33
First operational American intercontinental ballistic missile
consisted of two large thrust chambers. The Atlas A/B/C/D had a single turbopump assembly and gas generator driving both booster engines; the A/B/C had
SM-65_Atlas
Pump
level sensor (the latter used for the fuel gauge). Rocket engines use a turbopump to supply the fuel and oxidizer into the combustion chamber. List of auto
Fuel_pump
Major component of a liquid rocket engine
the collective term for the section of a rocket engine consisting of turbopumps, preburners / gas generators, and all the requisite equipment for a non-pressure-fed
Powerhead_(rocket_engine)
Soviet super heavy-lift launch vehicle (1965–1972)
launch. Preliminary failure analysis by Orbital pointed to a possible turbopump failure in one NK-33/AJ-26. Given Aerojet's previous problems with the
N1_(rocket)
American Agena rocket motor (1963–1984)
upper stage, it burned UDMH and RFNA fed by a turbopump in a fuel rich gas generator cycle. The turbopump had a single turbine with a gearbox to transmit
Bell_Model_8000_family
Passing cold propellant through tubes around a rocket engine to cool it
this can triple the maximum heat flow. However, many modern engines with turbopumps use supercritical coolants, and these techniques can be seldom used. Regenerative
Regenerative cooling (rocketry)
Regenerative_cooling_(rocketry)
Hydrogen peroxide rocket propellant
steam was used to drive the turbopump in the German V2 rocket, and the pumps in several other rocket engines. The turbopump was used to transport fuel
T-Stoff
Highly refined form of kerosene used as rocket fuel
likely to block fuel lines and engine passages, and wear away valves and turbopump bearings, as these are lubricated by the fuel. Slightly too-heavy or too-light
RP-1
American space launch vehicle
two static engine tests and one launch (Missile 11F) fell victim to LOX turbopump explosions caused by the impeller blades rubbing against the metal casing
Atlas_LV-3B
Rocket engine power cycle
gas from the rocket engine's combustion chamber and routes it through turbopump turbines to pump fuel before being exhausted (similar to the gas-generator
Combustion_tap-off_cycle
Reusable spacecraft under development by SpaceX
full-flow staged combustion cycle, which has oxygen and methane-rich turbopumps. Before 2014, only two full-flow staged-combustion rocket engine designs
SpaceX_Starship_(spacecraft)
Interceptor aircraft, British, 1960s–1980s
and 200 imp gal (910 L) of high-test peroxide (HTP) to drive the rocket turbopump, and act as an oxidiser, was planned to be located in place of the ventral
English_Electric_Lightning
Rocket-powered aircraft and spaceplane operated by the US Air Force and NASA
liquid oxygen as propellant, and hydrogen peroxide to drive the high-speed turbopump that delivered propellants to the engine. It could burn 15,000 pounds
North_American_X-15
Chemical or mixture used in a rocket engine
oxidizing oxidizer is introduced into a combustion chamber, typically using a turbopump to overcome the pressure. As combustion takes place, the liquid propellant
Rocket_propellant
First full-scale prototype of the Atlas missile
unexpected engine oscillation. Flight data also confirmed that the B-2 turbopump had disintegrated due to loss of lubricant oil pressure. The lube oil
SM-65A_Atlas
First rockets
launched vertically. The vehicle was similar to most modern rockets, with turbopumps, inertial guidance and many other features. Thousands were fired at various
History_of_rockets
American kerolox rocket engine
combustion chamber. They also shared a complex system for starting the turbopumps, using a set of secondary fuel tanks and plumbing that fed the gas generator
Rocketdyne_H-1
Space Shuttle orbiter test model
testing resumed in September, but on November 4, a high-pressure oxidizer turbopump failed 9.7 seconds into a scheduled 510-second test. Finally, on December
Space Shuttle Main Propulsion Test Article
Space_Shuttle_Main_Propulsion_Test_Article
Russian rocket engine
verniers to supply full vector control to the Blok-A stage. The single-axle turbopump unit includes the steam driven turbine, an oxidizer pump, a fuel pump
RD-107
Family of rocket engines developed by SpaceX for use on its Falcon 1 launch vehicles
same pintle architecture as the SpaceX Merlin engine but does not have a turbopump and is fed only by tank pressure. Kestrel was ablatively cooled in the
SpaceX_Kestrel
American robotics pioneer (1942–2016)
with projects on the Command Module heat shield and the Saturn rocket turbopumps. Scheinman was awarded a research assistantship at the Stanford Artificial
Victor_Scheinman
the injector head before full propellant pressure was obtained from the turbopump. The press dubs the failed attempt "Kaputnik". The satellite is now on
List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)
List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_military_aircraft_(1955–1959)
Expendable launch system used by NASA
experienced a 2% thrust decay. This was accompanied by a small drop in turbopump speed and gas generator performance. Consequently, the Titan core stage
Titan_IIIE
Topics referred to by the same term
temperature in a piping system or pressure vessel the low pressure fuel turbopump of a space shuttle hydrogen fuel system the local polynomial Fourier transform
LPFT
Device that burns fuel to produce large volumes of relatively cool gas
as in a rocket engine. Gas generators of this type are used to power turbopumps in rocket engines, in a gas-generator cycle. It is also used by some auxiliary
Gas_generator
Machine for exchanging energy with a fluid
more commonly known as jet engines, are the most common gas turbines. Turbopumps – Rocket engines require very high propellant pressures and mass flow
Turbomachinery
Rocket engine operation method
Expander cycle Pressure-fed engine Rocket engine Staged combustion cycle Turbopump "RD-107". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2014-02-09
Gas-generator_cycle
performance to a turbopump at 80–90% lower cost. Perhaps the most difficult barrier to entry in the liquid rocket business is the turbopump. A turbopump design
Pistonless_pump
US experimental low-cost hydrolox pintle injector rocket engine
staffers. The turbopump, meanwhile, was contracted to Barber-Nichols, Inc., which derived their pump from their work on the FASTRAC turbopump. After SpaceX
TR-106
Liquid fuel cryogenic rocket engine, typically used on rocket upper stages
the Vulcan rocket. The expander cycle that the engine uses drives the turbopump with waste heat absorbed by the engine combustion chamber, throat, and
RL10
German New Space start-up
combustion cycle. Some components used in early engine versions, such as the turbopump, were bought from the Ukrainian company Pivdenmash to shorten development
Rocket_Factory_Augsburg
Italian Aerospace Company
subcontractor for the development and production of the liquid-oxygen turbopump for the Vulcain 2 engine and the P230 solid-propellant engine, the booster
Avio
Prototype of the Atlas missile
Division had replaced all of the turbopumps in their stock of Jupiter missiles and did not experience any turbopump failures after December 1957, but
SM-65B_Atlas
Rocket engine that uses liquid fuels and oxidizers
centrifugal turbopumps due to their high power and light weight, although reciprocating pumps have been employed in the past. Turbopumps are usually lightweight
Liquid-propellant_rocket
Chemical compound
rocket used it in combination with hydrogen peroxide to drive a steam turbopump. As an oxidizer, sodium permanganate is used in environmental remediation
Sodium_permanganate
Russian rocket engine
in which turbopumps are driven by waste heat absorbed in the nozzle and combustion chamber. The RD-0146 featured the fastest-spinning turbopump of any serially
RD-0146
Family of rocket engines designed and built by Spanish company PLD Space
cycle with helium. Later versions of the engine (TEPREL-C) incorporate a turbopump. The TEPREL-DEMO engine, originally called NetonVac1, was first tested
TEPREL
1985 American crewed spaceflight
seconds into the ascent, one of the center engine's two high-pressure fuel turbopump turbine discharge temperature sensors failed. Two minutes and twelve seconds
STS-51-F
American expendable launch system
During Titan II ICBM development, it had been found that the first stage turbopump gearbox was prone to total failure caused by resonant vibration in the
Titan_II_GLV
Soyuz rocket design variant
satellite from Plesetsk ended disastrously when the Blok D strap-on LOX turbopump disintegrated at T+6 seconds due to ingested debris. The booster crashed
Soyuz-U
Device that extracts energy from a fluid flow
because they run at very high speeds. The Space Shuttle main engines used turbopumps (machines consisting of a pump driven by a turbine engine) to feed the
Turbine
First staged combustion rocket engine ever developed, for the Soviet space program
combustion chamber to tolerate temperatures of up to 700 °C (1,292 °F). The turbopump initial spin-up is pyrotechnic. The engine is attached to a Cardan suspension
S1.5400
1960s American crewed suborbital rocket
pressurization, and an extra hydrogen peroxide tank for powering the turbopump due to the longer burn time. The most important change in making the Mercury-Redstone
Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle
Mercury-Redstone_Launch_Vehicle
Detailed timeline of Space Shuttle Challenger mission
Launch Sequencer GPC – General Purpose Computer HPFT – High-Pressure Fuel Turbopump LH2 – Liquid Hydrogen LO2 – Liquid Oxygen (same as LOX) LVLH – Local Vertical
Timeline of the STS-51-L mission
Timeline_of_the_STS-51-L_mission
1966 NASA crewed spaceflight
booster. During orbital injection, the GATV engine experienced a drop in turbopump speed lasting about 2.5 seconds. After this, pump performance returned
Gemini_12
Failed NASA orbiter mission to the Moon (1958)
September attempt. The postflight investigation of Pioneer 0 pointed to a turbopump failure, which had also caused the loss of Thor-Able 116 in April.[citation
Pioneer_1
(electrical parts) WUMAG Abt. Maschineenbau (Heinkel factory) in Jenbach (turbopump and steam generator) Marienthal railway tunnel at Rebstock (electrical
V-2 rocket facilities of World War II
V-2_rocket_facilities_of_World_War_II
Rocket engine operation method
into the combustion chamber. Bleeding the turbine exhaust can increase turbopump efficiency by reducing backpressure and increasing the pressure drop across
Expander_cycle
U.S. Space Nuclear Thermal Propulsion
system relative to chemical engines. This drives design of the engine turbopumps and thermal management of the reactor subsystem. The committee also emphasized
Demonstration Rocket for Agile Cislunar Operations
Demonstration_Rocket_for_Agile_Cislunar_Operations
Medium-lift expendable rocket by Northrop Grumman
the Orb-3 launch failure in October 2014, likely caused by an engine turbopump, the Antares 100-series was retired. Because of concerns over corrosion
Antares_(rocket)
First artificial Earth satellite
one second earlier when a sensor detected overspeed of the empty RP-1 turbopump. There were 375 kg (827 lb) of LOX remaining at cutoff. At 19.9 seconds
Sputnik_1
Failed late 2014 cargo mission to the ISS
repairs would be required. Subsequent investigation found that the LOX turbopump had exploded, which in turn, caused a shock wave that severed surrounding
Cygnus_Orb-3
Medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM)
started to fail, leading to breakup at T+73 seconds. It was deduced that turbopump exhaust was sucked up by the partial vacuum in the area behind the missile
PGM-19_Jupiter
Aborted Moon landing mission in the Apollo program
missions, but on Apollo 13 they were amplified by an interaction with turbopump cavitation. A fix to prevent pogo was ready for the mission, but schedule
Apollo_13
Proposed successor to the Saturn V rocket
have required changes to the oxidizer turbopump assembly, concentric gas generator control valve, fuel turbopump, and high-pressure ducts added with the
Saturn_MLV
Rocket flight test
Automatic abort triggered during ignition due to issues with six LOX turbopumps.[citation needed] Two engines were preemptively replaced. 2 23 Jul 2026
Starship_flight_test_13
Indian semi-cryogenic rocket engine
(88%) for the first time and also demonstrated the operation of main turbopumps delivering 400 and 500 bar outlet pressures and steady state operation
SE-2000
Liquid form of rocket propellants
control systems, due to being easily storable. It is often used to drive turbopumps, being used on the V2 rocket, and modern Soyuz. Hydrazine decomposes energetically
Liquid_rocket_propellant
Sargent, Scott R.; Noall, Jeff; Becker, Matthew; MacKlin, Scott (2016). "Turbopump Design and Development for the Virgin Galactic Newton Three Engine System"
Comparison of orbital rocket engines
Comparison_of_orbital_rocket_engines
SpaceX family of liquid-fuel rocket engines
temperature. An oxygen-rich turbine powers an oxygen turbopump, and a fuel-rich turbine powers a methane turbopump. Both oxidizer and fuel streams are converted
SpaceX_Raptor
Vehicle propelled by ejection of gases
use lightweight, low pressure tanks and typically run high-performance turbopumps to force the propellant into the combustion chamber. Some notable mass
Rocket
Restricted weapons testing range and rocket launch site on Sardinia
as happened for example in the case of the test on the Mira-D engine turbopump. Since Avio's activity has so far been concentrated on the production
Salto_di_Quirra
16:33 Thor DM-18 Thor 108 CCAFS LC-17B Missile test Suborbital Failure Turbopump failure at T+152 seconds. Flight considered a "partial success". 1957-10-24
List_of_Thor_DM-18_launches
Expendable carrier rocket
exploded on the launch pad after an engine failure caused by debris in the turbopump. The payload on that flight was the NSS-8 communications satellite for
Zenit-3SL
Expendable launch vehicle
which was attached to the bottom of the tanks. Each LR-89-7 had its own turbopump to feed propellants into the combustion chamber, but the two engines shared
Atlas_G
Aborted 1983 Soviet crewed spaceflight
launch, a bad valve caused nitrogen pressurisation gas to enter the RP-1 turbopump of the Blok B strap-on. The pump began spinning up, but with no propellant
Soyuz_7K-ST_No.16L
Chinese rocket engine
gas generator engines on a single mounting frame. Each engine has dual turbopumps with separate gas exhaust. Both turbines are fed by a single fuel rich
YF-77
Rocket engine that uses both liquid / gaseous and solid fuel
difficult to design portions of a liquid rocket system are the turbopumps. Turbopump design is complex as it has to precisely and efficiently pump and
Hybrid-propellant_rocket
battery-powered electric motors instead of the usual gas generator and turbopumps. China launched its new missile-derived Kaituozhe-2 variant on 2 March
2017_in_spaceflight
thermal protection systems, thruster nozzles, reusable rocket nozzles, and turbopump components for space vehicles. With the development and implementation
SiC–SiC_matrix_composite
Former state-owned electricity company
Commissioned Bendeela Hydro Turbopump Kangaroo Valley 80 1977 Blayney Wind Wind turbines Blayney 10 October 2000 Burrinjuck Hydro Turbopump near Yass 28 1938,
Eraring_Energy
Reusable superheavy-lift general-purpose launch vehicle
uses a full-flow staged combustion cycle with oxygen and methane-rich turbopumps. Before 2014, only two full-flow staged-combustion rocket engine designs
SpaceX_Starship
NASA low cost rocket engine design
known as the MC-1 engine when it was merged into the X-34 project. The turbopump engine was designed to be used in an expendable booster in the LCBT project
Fastrac_(rocket_engine)
Calculation commonly applied to engines and mobile power sources
very high speeds. For example, the Space Shuttle's main engines used turbopumps (machines consisting of a pump driven by a turbine engine) to feed the
Power-to-weight_ratio
Japanese hydrolox staged combustion rocket engine
medium-sized motor with sufficient thrust for use on the H-II. The fuel turbopump had an issue using the originally designed inducer (a propeller-like axial
LE-7
Communications satellite launched by NASA
supposed to prevent propellant from escaping the tanks and filling the turbopump during the coasting phase, but since it remained open, the pump developed
ATS-2
Part of the Redstone rocket family
liquid oxygen, as oxidizer, and hydyne as fuel propellant feed, turbopump type turbopump drive, 90% hydrogen peroxide decomposed by catalyst bed to produce
Jupiter-C
1960s British Ramjet missile engine
convergent-divergent nozzle. The only significant moving part in the engine is the fuel turbopump. This is powered by extracting 'ram' air in the transfer duct to drive
Bristol_Odin
Lost Soviet spacecraft
pump was improperly lubricated and failed during flight, causing loss of turbopump performance and engine thrust. McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's
Luna_E-1_No.3
Iranian expendable launch vehicle
of four synchronized Safir-1B first-stage engines with four separate turbopumps, each of these engines generating up to 37,000 kilograms-force (360 kN;
Simorgh_(rocket)
Chinese orbital launch vehicle
increased thrust to 10 tonnes each through measures such as increased turbopump speeds. According to a public announcement published by China's bureau
Long_March_8
CCAFS LC-17A RTV test Suborbital Failure Maiden flight of Thor-Able. Turbopump failure T+146 seconds. 1958-07-10 15:06 Thor DM-18 Able Thor 118 CCAFS
List_of_Thor-Able_launches
Russian rocket engine
rocket family's URM-2 upper stage. RD-0124 engines use a multi-stage turbopump powered by pre-combustion of the engine propellants in the preburner.
RD-0124
Missile
gas from the vernier propellant tanks leaked into the sustainer RP-1 turbopump, leading to cavitation which caused propellant unloading, pump overspeed
SM-65C_Atlas
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