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Liquid form of rocket propellants
The highest specific impulse chemical rockets use liquid propellants (liquid-propellant rockets). They can consist of a single chemical (a monopropellant)
Liquid_rocket_propellant
Rocket engine that uses liquid fuels and oxidizers
A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket uses a rocket engine burning liquid propellants. (Alternate approaches use gaseous or solid propellants.)
Liquid-propellant_rocket
Type of rocket engine fuel
hypergolic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A hypergolic propellant is a rocket propellant whose components spontaneously ignite upon contact with one
Hypergolic_propellant
Chemical or mixture used in a rocket engine
Rocket propellant is used as a reaction mass ejected from a rocket engine to produce thrust. The energy required can either come from the propellants
Rocket_propellant
Liquid-fueled rocket engine
Rutherford is a liquid-propellant rocket engine designed by aerospace company Rocket Lab and manufactured in Long Beach, California. The engine is used
Rutherford_(rocket_engine)
Rocket engine that uses both liquid / gaseous and solid fuel
hybrid-propellant rocket is a rocket with a rocket motor that uses rocket propellants in two different phases: one solid and the other either gas or liquid.
Hybrid-propellant_rocket
Rocket that burns 3 propellants at once or 2 fuels with an oxidizer, sequentially
tripropellant rocket is a rocket that uses three propellants, as opposed to the more common bipropellant rocket or monopropellant rocket designs, which
Tripropellant_rocket
Rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants
A solid-propellant rocket or solid rocket is a rocket with a rocket engine that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). The earliest rockets were solid-fuel
Solid-propellant_rocket
Non-airbreathing engine used to propel a missile or vehicle
rockets or motors) are chemical rockets which use a mix of fuel and oxidizer in a solid state. Liquid-propellant rockets use one or more propellants in
Rocket_engine
Type of rocket engine which uses liquid fuel stored at very low temperatures
Since one or more of the propellants is in the liquid phase, all cryogenic rocket engines are by definition liquid-propellant rocket engines. Various cryogenic
Cryogenic_rocket_engine
Rocket that uses a single propellant with a catalyst
monopropellant rocket (or "monochemical rocket") is a rocket that uses a single chemical as its propellant.[contradictory] Monopropellant rockets are commonly
Monopropellant_rocket
Vehicle propelled by ejection of gases
(hypergolic propellants), two liquids that must be ignited to react (like kerosene (RP1) and liquid oxygen, used in most liquid-propellant rockets), a solid
Rocket
Solid propellant motor used to augment the thrust of a rocket
weighed approximately 500,000 kilograms. Compared to liquid propellant rockets, the solid-propellant motors (SRMs) have been capable of providing large
Solid_rocket_booster
Chemical substance used for propulsion
storage, most propellants are stored as either a solid or a liquid. A rocket propellant is a mass that is expelled from a vehicle, such as a rocket, in such
Propellant
Rocket engine
Curie is a liquid-propellant rocket engine designed and manufactured by Rocket Lab. A bipropellant is used for the propulsion of the third stage/kick
Curie_(rocket_engine)
Unguided anti-aircraft rocket
mounted on an adapted 88 mm gun mounting. The rocket was driven by a liquid fueled engine. The liquid propellant used was a hypergolic mixture consisting of
Taifun_(rocket)
Liquid fuel rocket engine
Archimedes is a liquid-fuel rocket engine burning liquid oxygen and liquid methane in an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle. It is designed by aerospace
Archimedes_(rocket_engine)
Highly refined form of kerosene used as rocket fuel
(Rocket Propellant-1 or Refined Petroleum-1) and similar fuels like RG-1 and T-1 are highly refined kerosene formulations used as rocket fuel. Liquid-fueled
RP-1
American chemist and writer (1907–1988)
1970, Clark developed liquid propellants at the Naval Air Rocket Test Station at Dover, New Jersey (known as the Liquid Rocket Propulsion Laboratory of
John_Drury_Clark
First South Korean orbital launch vehicle developed domestically
became the seventh country in the world to have a medium-sized liquid-propellant rocket engine over 75 tons. Nuri (KSLV-II) is a three-stage launch vehicle
Nuri_(rocket)
Family of rocket stages which can be used as a space tug
Centaur was the first rocket stage to use hydrolox propellant—liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX)—a high-energy combination well suited for
Centaur_(rocket_stage)
Nuclear spacecraft propulsion technology
rocket (NTR) is a type of thermal rocket where the heat from a nuclear reaction replaces the chemical energy of the propellants in a chemical rocket.
Nuclear_thermal_rocket
Solid-rocket propellant
perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) is a solid rocket propellant. It differs from many traditional solid rocket propellants such as black powder or
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant
Ammonium_perchlorate_composite_propellant
Liquids below boiling point
in refrigeration cycles and steam turbine cycles. Some rocket engines use subcooled propellants. In refrigeration systems, subcooling the refrigerant is
Subcooling
European rocket engine for upper stages
Vinci is a restartable, cryogenic, liquid-propellant rocket engine that powers the upper stage of Ariane 6. While development began in 1998 for the planned
Vinci_(rocket_engine)
One of the physical forms of elemental oxygen
the oxidizer in the first liquid-fueled rocket invented in 1926 by Robert H. Goddard, an application which is ongoing. Liquid oxygen has a clear, pale
Liquid_oxygen
American rocket engine family used on Titan missile first stages
The LR87 is an American liquid-propellant rocket engine that was used on the first stages of Titan intercontinental ballistic missiles and launch vehicles
Aerojet_LR87
Cache of propellant used to refuel spacecraft
liquid rocket propellants including RP-1 (kerosene), hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), and mildly cryogenic, space-storable propellants like liquid methane
Orbital_propellant_depot
Russian and Soviet rocket family
commercial purposes. All Soyuz variants use RP-1 (kerosene) and liquid oxygen (LOX) as propellants, with the exception of the Soyuz-U2, which used Syntin (a
Soyuz_(rocket_family)
Chinese rocket engine
"Asian space-rocket liquid-propellant engines". B14643.DE. Archived from the original on 2015-07-17. Retrieved 2015-07-15. "Long March". Rocket and Space
YF-23_(rocket_engine)
Rocket fuel combination
Devil's venom was a nickname coined by Soviet rocket scientists for a hypergolic liquid rocket fuel composed of a dangerous combination of red fuming nitric
Devil's_venom
Proposed hybrid ramjet and rocket engine
nozzle Avatar (spacecraft) – India's air-breathing spaceplane Liquid-propellant rocket Precooled jet engine "Reaction Engines Limited Engine Names" (PDF)
SABRE_(rocket_engine)
Rocket engine operation method
closed cycle) is a power cycle of a bipropellant rocket engine. In the staged combustion cycle, propellant flows through multiple combustion chambers, and
Staged_combustion_cycle
Type of nuclear reactor
content, a gas core reactor rocket will have much higher performance than even the best possible liquid rocket propellants, or alternative nuclear designs
Gaseous_fission_reactor
SpaceX family of liquid-fuel rocket engines
is powered by cryogenic liquid methane and liquid oxygen, a combination known as methalox. SpaceX's super-heavy-lift rocket Starship uses Raptor engines
SpaceX_Raptor
Most common type of rocket, used to launch satellites
multistage rocket or step rocket is a launch vehicle that uses two or more rocket stages, each of which contains its own engines and propellant. A tandem
Multistage_rocket
Engines used in EU rocket Ariane
designer of Viking and A4 engine George Paul Sutton, "History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines", p. 798 News Archive 2009 Viking engine (Archived) Souchier
Viking_(rocket_engine)
Single-part rocket propellant
ISBN 978-0-07-042313-8. A rocket propellant consisting of a single substance, especially a liquid, capable of creating rocket thrust without the addition
Monopropellant
Solid propellant rocket used by the Space Shuttle
thrust, roughly double the most powerful single-combustion chamber liquid-propellant rocket engine ever flown, the Rocketdyne F-1. With a combined mass of
Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster
Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster
Class of liquid rocket propellants
Nitrous oxide fuel blend propellants are a class of liquid rocket propellants that were intended in the early 2010s to be able to replace hydrazine as
Nitrous_oxide_fuel_blend
The Kuwait Space Rocket (KSR), is a Kuwaiti project to build and launch the first suborbital liquid bi-propellant rocket in Arabia. The project is intended
Kuwait_Space_Rocket
Hydrogen-oxygen rocket engine for the Delta IV
The RS-68 (Rocket System-68) was a liquid-fuel rocket engine that used liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX) as propellants in a gas-generator
RS-68
German long-range ballistic missile
missile and suborbital launch vehicle. The missile, powered by a liquid-propellant rocket engine, was developed during the Second World War in Nazi Germany
V-2_rocket
Mathematical equation describing the motion of a rocket
system: In the following derivation, "the rocket" is taken to mean "the rocket and all of its unexpended propellant". Newton's second law of motion relates
Tsiolkovsky_rocket_equation
Rocket used to trigger lightning
conductive path when the exhaust gases are discharged from the rocket. In a liquid propellant rocket a solution of calcium chloride is used to form the conductive
Lightning_rocket
Rocket engine used on the Saturn V rocket
program. The F-1 remains the most powerful single combustion chamber liquid-propellant rocket engine ever developed. Rocketdyne developed the F-1 and the E-1
Rocketdyne_F-1
Peruvian engineer
rocket experts described him as a pioneer in aeronautics based on Paulet's retrospective statements detailing his construction of a liquid-propellant
Pedro_Paulet
Reusable superheavy-lift general-purpose launch vehicle
of propellant: 2,700 t (6,000,000 lb) of liquid oxygen and 700 t (1,500,000 lb) of liquid methane. Fuel is fed to the engines via a single liquid downcomer
SpaceX_Starship
Hydrocarbon compound (CH4) in natural gas
the term methalox. As a liquid rocket propellant, a methane/liquid oxygen combination offers the advantage over kerosene/liquid oxygen combination, or
Methane
Type of spacecraft electric propulsion system
monopropellant rockets. Aerojet MR-510 series arcjet engines are currently used on Lockheed Martin A2100 satellites using hydrazine as a propellant, providing
Arcjet_rocket
Proposed rocket propulsion mechanism
salt-water rocket (NSWR) is a theoretical type of nuclear thermal rocket designed by Robert Zubrin. In place of traditional chemical propellant, such as
Nuclear_salt-water_rocket
Change in velocity per amount of fuel
engine, such as a rocket or jet engine, generates thrust from propellant. Isp is the effective exhaust velocity used in the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation which
Specific_impulse
NASA low cost rocket engine design
overlap. The engine used liquid oxygen as an oxidizer and kerosene (RP-1) as a fuel. These propellants are used by the F-1 rocket engine on the Saturn V
Fastrac_(rocket_engine)
Same as a solid rocket booster, but uses liquid instead of solid fuel
A liquid rocket booster (LRB) uses liquid fuel and oxidizer to give a liquid-propellant or hybrid rocket an extra boost at take-off, and/or increase the
Liquid_rocket_booster
American super heavy-lift expendable rocket
program for human exploration of the Moon. The rocket was human-rated, had three stages, and was liquid-fueled. Thirteen Saturn V vehicles were launched
Saturn_V
Theoretical spacecraft propulsion system
propulsion do. The rocket would only have to carry the means of capturing solar energy, such as concentrators and mirrors. The heated propellant would be fed
Solar_thermal_rocket
Rocket engine in SpaceX Falcon launch vehicles
formerly used on the Falcon 1. Merlin engines use RP-1 and liquid oxygen as rocket propellants in a gas-generator power cycle. The Merlin engine was originally
SpaceX_Merlin
Fuels which require storage at very low temperatures to remain liquid
temperatures in order to maintain them in a liquid state. These fuels are used in machinery that operates in space (e.g. rockets and satellites) where ordinary fuel
Cryogenic_fuel
WWII German codes for fuels and oxidizers
of Liquid Rocket Propellants (PDF). Rutgers University Press. p. 116. ISBN 0813507251. www.warbirdsresourcegroup.org — Fuels used by German rocket engines
List_of_stoffs
Indian rocket engine
History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. AIAA. p. 799. ISBN 9781563476495. Sutton, George Paul (2006). History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.
Vikas_(rocket_engine)
First propellant transfer between Starships
of propellants inside the ship, along with tank pressures, and observe how the fluids respond to impulses from small thrusters". These small rocket jets
Starship Propellant Transfer Demonstration
Starship_Propellant_Transfer_Demonstration
A liquid apogee engine (LAE), or apogee engine, refers to a type of chemical rocket engine typically used as the main engine in a spacecraft. The name
Liquid_apogee_engine
Reusable first-stage rocket developed by SpaceX
attempt of the Starship rocket. The booster is powered by 33 Raptor engines that use liquid oxygen and methane as propellants. It returns to its launch
SpaceX_Super_Heavy
Rocket engine operation method
pressure-fed engine is a class of rocket engine designs. A separate gas supply, usually helium, pressurizes the propellant tanks to force fuel and oxidizer
Pressure-fed_engine
Electrothermal thruster in development
electrodeless plasma thruster, the microwave arcjet rocket, and the pulsed inductive thruster. The propellant, a neutral gas such as argon or xenon, is injected
Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket
Variable_Specific_Impulse_Magnetoplasma_Rocket
Russian heavy-lift rocket
Kazakhstan. The rocket uses a Kerolox propellant mixture. The first stage is powered by the four-chambered RD-171MV, the most powerful liquid fuel engine
Soyuz-5_(rocket)
Proposed reconnaissance aircraft design
production, the groundwork was laid for successful use of liquid hydrogen as a liquid rocket propellant for the Apollo program and the Space Shuttle. The existence
Lockheed_CL-400_Suntan
Japanese medium-lift launch vehicle
000 lb) liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen (hydrolox) propellants. The first-stage can be fitted with zero, two, or four strap-on SRB-3 solid rocket boosters
H3_(rocket)
Launch vehicles developed by Astra
rocket. The rocket family originated in Small Air Launch Vehicle to Orbit (SALVO), a small launch vehicle powered by Astra's electric-pump-fed liquid
Astra_Rocket
Colorless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odor
well as a long-term storable propellant for in-space spacecraft propulsion. Additionally, hydrazine is used in various rocket fuels and to prepare the gas
Hydrazine
A rocket turbine engine is a combination of two types of propulsion engines: a liquid-propellant rocket and a turbine jet engine. Its power-to-weight
Rocket_turbine_engine
Iranian space launch center
fuel tanks for liquid rocket propellant, and is primarily designed to launch solid fueled launch vehicles such as the Qaem. Qased (rocket) IRGCASF Semnan
Shahroud_Space_Center
Chinese rocket engine
Paul (November 2005). "Liquid Rocket Propellant Engines in the People's Republic of China". History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. AIAA. p. 873.
YF-20
Class of rocket
(XLR52-AJ-2) liquid-fueled engine, a variant of the engine in the RTV-N-10 Aerobee. Finally, the third stage was a solid-propellant rocket motor. All three-stage
Vanguard_(rocket)
Rocket designed to take measurements during its flight
interim step, they developed a liquid-propellant rocket to meet the Signal Corps' requirements for a sounding rocket, capable of carrying 11 kilograms
Sounding_rocket
American expendable launch system
1 on April 8, 1964. The Titan II was a two-stage liquid-fuel rocket, using a hypergolic propellant combination of Aerozine 50 fuel and nitrogen tetroxide
Titan_II_GLV
Type of rocket engine
of the propellant.[citation needed] Cold gas systems can use either a solid, liquid or gaseous propellant storage system; but the propellant must exit
Cold_gas_thruster
American physicist and inventor (1882–1945)
and engineer credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket, which was successfully launched on March 16, 1926. By 1915 his pioneering
Robert_H._Goddard
Rocket engine operation method
one of the most commonly used engine cycles in bipropellant liquid rocket engines. Propellant is burned in a gas generator (analogous to, but distinct from
Gas-generator_cycle
Aircraft which uses a rocket engine for propulsion
using liquid-propellant was decades ahead of rocket engineers at the time who utilized black powder as a propellant. Reports of Paulet's rocket aircraft
Rocket-powered_aircraft
Type of propelling nozzle
(rocket) – a type of rocket engine Venturi effect Huzel, D. K. & Huang, D. H. (1971). NASA SP-125, Design of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines (PDF) (2nd ed
Rocket_engine_nozzle
Rocket driven by nuclear fusion power
ion rocket thrusters (343 km/s exhaust velocity) powered by ten D-He3 IEC fusion reactors. The concept would need 300 tonnes of argon propellant for a
Fusion_rocket
Rocket engine operation method
The expander cycle is a power cycle of a Bipropellant liquid rocket engine. In this cycle, the fuel is used to cool the engine's combustion chamber, picking
Expander_cycle
Throttleable Liquid Propulsion Demonstrator (TLPD) is a prototype liquid-propellant rocket engine under development by the Polish Lukasiewicz Research
Throttleable Liquid Propulsion Demonstrator
Throttleable_Liquid_Propulsion_Demonstrator
American public spaceflight company
applied, after which it flows like a liquid. The VLM density was reported to be comparable to solid-rocket propellant. The VLM reportedly required no special
Rocket_Lab
Method of spacecraft propulsion
magnitude lower than those of more conventional solid fuel and liquid-propellant rockets. As a result, they are unsuitable for orbital maneuvers that require
Resistojet_rocket
Class of Chinese rockets
LOX/CH4, or methalox, rocket. Long March 11 is a solid-fuel rocket. Long March 12 uses non-toxic LOX/kerosene liquid propellants for the first 2 stages
Long_March_(rocket_family)
Medium-lift expendable rocket by Northrop Grumman
Since 2018, the rocket has been manufactured by Northrop Grumman. The first stage is liquid fueled, burning RP-1 (kerosene) and liquid oxygen (LOX). As
Antares_(rocket)
European Space Agency launch system
strap-on boosters, consisting of three solid rocket stages, the P80FW, Zefiro 23, and Zefiro 9, topped by a liquid-fueled AVUM upper stage. Italy led the Vega
Vega_(rocket)
U.S. project to build a nuclear thermal rocket
reactors were fueled by highly enriched uranium, with liquid hydrogen used as both a rocket propellant and reactor coolant. Nuclear graphite and beryllium
Project_Rover
Rocket engine
The XLR11, company designation RMI 6000C4, was the first liquid-propellant rocket engine developed in the United States for use in aircraft. It was designed
Reaction_Motors_XLR11
French experimental sounding rocket
and liquid propellants - Nylon-metatolueneamine as fuel and mixture of nitric acid and nitrogen tetroxide as oxidizer). It was the first rocket in history
LEX_(sounding_rocket)
Chinese super-heavy rocket in development
hào, LM-9 or Changzheng 9, CZ-9) is a partially reusable super-heavy lift rocket under development by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology to launch
Long_March_9
was redirected to work on liquid propellant rocket engines. This resulted in the creation of ORM (from "Experimental Rocket Motor" in Russian) engines
Soviet_rocketry
Use of self-generated gaseous propellant
use of self-generated gaseous propellant to pressurize liquid propellant in rockets. Traditional liquid-propellant rockets have been most often pressurized
Autogenous_pressurization
Chinese liquid rocket engine
Paul (November 2005). "Liquid Rocket Propellant Engines in the People's Republic of China". History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. AIAA. p. 873.
YF-40
Rocket engines developed by SpaceX
led by engineer Tom Mueller, the company developed a variety of liquid-propellant rocket engines, with at least one more of that type under development
SpaceX_rocket_engines
Liquid rocket engine
The Astris was a liquid rocket engine burning the hypergolic propellant combination of Aerozine 50 and N2O4. A single engine powered Astris third stage
Astris_(rocket_engine)
Device that burns fuel to produce large volumes of relatively cool gas
solid or liquid source, when storing a pressurized gas is undesirable or impractical. The term often refers to a device that uses a rocket propellant to generate
Gas_generator
Storable hypergolic rocket fuel
of liquid rocket propellants. Rutgers University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-8135-0725-5. Sutton, George P. (2006). History of liquid propellant rocket engines
Aerozine_50
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LIQUID ROCKET-PROPELLANT
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LIQUID ROCKET-PROPELLANT
LIQUID ROCKET-PROPELLANT
LIQUID ROCKET-PROPELLANT
LIQUID ROCKET-PROPELLANT
LIQUID ROCKET-PROPELLANT
LIQUID ROCKET-PROPELLANT
LIQUID ROCKET-PROPELLANT
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