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Chemical reaction that transfers an amino group to a ketoacid
Transamination is a chemical reaction that transfers an amino group from an amino acid to an α-keto acid. This process mainly takes place in the liver
Transamination
Class of enzymes
Transaminases or aminotransferases are enzymes that catalyze a transamination reaction between an amino acid and an α-keto acid. They are important in
Transaminase
Set of biochemical reactions
generating ATP. The fate of oxaloacetate is either to produce aspartate via transamination or to be converted to phosphoenolpyruvate, which is a substrate for
Urea_cycle
Simplest of the alpha-keto acids
Pyruvate reacts with amino acids to give alanine by the process called transamination: CH3C(O)CO−2 + RCH2NH2 → CH3CH(NH2)CO−2 + RCHO Pyruvic acid self-condenses
Pyruvic_acid
Amino acid and neurotransmitter
from α-ketoglutarate, an intermediate of the TCA cycle, through either transamination or reductive amination. Glutamic acid is produced on the largest scale
Glutamic_acid
Α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins
are converted to alanine, consuming one reducing equivalent. Because transamination reactions are readily reversible and pyruvate is present in all cells
Alanine
Glycoalkaloid poison found in the nightshade family of plants
solanidine. This is accomplished through a series of hydroxylation, transamination, oxidation, cyclization, dehydration, and reduction reactions. Specifically
Solanine
Covalently bonded non-protein part of an enzyme
Pyrroloquinoline quinone Redox reactions Bacteria Pyridoxal phosphate Transamination, decarboxylation and deamination Bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes Biotin
Prosthetic_group
Organic compound
N-nitrourea. Chlorination similarly gives N-chlorourea. Urea undergoes transamination. For example, treatment with anilinium gives both N-phenylurea and N
Urea
Space within the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
of transamination. These reactions are facilitated by transaminases in order to produce aspartate and asparagine from oxaloacetate. Transamination of
Mitochondrial_matrix
Biogenic substance with one or more amine groups
formed mainly by decarboxylation of amino acids or by amination and transamination of aldehydes and ketones. Biogenic amines are organic bases with low
Biogenic_amine
Active form of vitamin B6
of carbanionic reaction intermediates. PLP acts as a coenzyme in all transamination reactions, and in certain decarboxylation, deamination, and racemization
Pyridoxal_phosphate
Organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groups
chemical reactions. Degradation of an amino acid often begins with transamination, in which its amino group is transferred to α-ketoglutarate, forming
Amino_acid
Abundance of non-radioactive isotopes in amino acids
Carbon skeletons from these diverse sources are further modified before transamination, the addition of an amino group that completes amino acid biosynthesis
Stable isotope composition of amino acids
Stable_isotope_composition_of_amino_acids
Chemical compound
converted to α-Ketoglutarate by "donating" its −NH2 to other compounds (see transamination). These reactions are reversible. In the reverse direction of these
Α-Ketoglutaric_acid
Chemical compound
essential amino acid. The first step in HMB metabolism is the reversible transamination of leucine to [α-KIC] that occurs mainly extrahepatically (Block and
Leucine
Amino acid
glutamic acid and subsequently converted to glutamate-5-semialdehyde. Transamination of a second glutamic acid molecule produces ornithine, which enters
Arginine
Breakdown of proteins into constituent amino acids and compounds
processes for amino acids are Deamination (removal of an amino group), transamination (transfer of amino group), decarboxylation (removal of carboxyl group)
Protein_catabolism
Amino acids required in diet since they can not be synthesized in body
catalyzes the reductive amination of α-ketoglutarate to glutamate. A transamination reaction takes place in the synthesis of most amino acids. At this step
Essential_amino_acid
Chemical compound
essential amino acid. The first step in HMB metabolism is the reversible transamination of leucine to [α-KIC] that occurs mainly extrahepatically (Block and
HMG-CoA
Set of biochemical processes
concentrations of reactants involved due to the reversible nature of the transamination and glutamate dehydrogenase reactions. The conversion of glutamate to
Amino_acid_synthesis
Amino acid
the human body, aspartate is most frequently synthesized through the transamination of oxaloacetate. The biosynthesis of aspartate is facilitated by an
Aspartic_acid
Amino acid
para-hydroxyphenylalanine) begins with an α-ketoglutarate dependent transamination through the tyrosine transaminase to para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. The
Tyrosine
Soviet biochemist (1902–1986)
known for his co-discovery, along with Maria Kritzman, of enzymatic transamination and its dependence on vitamin B6. Braunstein and American scientist
Alexander_E._Braunstein
Medication, stimulant and decongestant
pyruvic acid to attach a 2-carbon unit. This product then undergoes transamination and methylation to form ephedrine and its stereoisomer, pseudoephedrine
Ephedrine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
amino acid (BCAA) degradation pathway and facilitates the reversible transamination of BCAAs and glutamate. BCAT1 resides in the cytoplasm, while its isoform
Branched chain amino acid transaminase 1
Branched_chain_amino_acid_transaminase_1
Mammalian protein
from L-alanine to α-ketoglutarate, the products of this reversible transamination reaction being pyruvate and L-glutamate. L-alanine + α-ketoglutarate
Alanine_transaminase
Type of amino acid
releases alanine, which is then transferred to the liver. Through a transamination process, alanine is changed into pyruvate in the liver. Following this
Glucogenic_amino_acid
Describes biochemical reactions that occur without the need for enzymes
ISSN 2218-273X. PMC 4598790. PMID 26378592. Campbell, L. L. (1956). "Transamination of amino acids with glyoxylic acid in bacterial extracts". Journal of
Non-enzymatic_reaction
Chemical compound
check for the presence of banned substances. β-Alanine can undergo a transamination reaction with pyruvate to form malonate-semialdehyde and L-alanine.
Β-Alanine
Naturally occurring sedative and hallucinogen
less readily than gaboxadol. Muscimol is known to be metabolized via transamination by GABA transaminase (GABA-T) into an aldehyde metabolite. Ibotenic
Muscimol
Chemical compound
aminotransferase Isoleucine is both a glucogenic and a ketogenic amino acid. After transamination with alpha-ketoglutarate, the carbon skeleton is oxidised and split
Isoleucine
Chemical compound
isoleucine occurs. These amino acids are converted to α-ketoacids by transamination and eventually to isovaleryl-CoA through oxidative decarboxylation by
Acetyl-CoA
Study of chemical processes of living organisms
the α-keto acid skeleton, and then an amino group is added, often via transamination. The amino acids may then be linked together to form a protein. A similar
Biochemistry
pathway, including biochemical reactions such as reductive amination and transamination. One theory traces the origins of life to the abundant carbonate-rich
History_of_life
Amino acid
phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.95). Reductive amination (transamination) of this ketone by phosphoserine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.52) yields 3-phosphoserine
Serine
Antibiotic medication
the last step of gentamicin 3',4'-di-deoxygenation via reduction and transamination activities". Microbial Cell Factories. 19 (1): 62. doi:10.1186/s12934-020-01317-0
Gentamicin
Chemical compound
catabolism of valine starts with the removal of the amino group by transamination, giving alpha-ketoisovalerate, an alpha-keto acid, which is converted
Valine
Organic compound
alanine are formed from oxaloacetate and pyruvate, respectively, by transamination from glutamate. Asparagine is synthesized by amidation of aspartate
Oxaloacetic_acid
Interconnected biochemical reactions releasing energy
intermediates have to acquire their amino groups from glutamate in a transamination reaction, in which pyridoxal phosphate is a cofactor. In this reaction
Citric_acid_cycle
Concept in genetics
metabolism through glycolysis and substrate-level phosphorylation, transamination of glutamyl-tRNA to glutaminyl-tRNA, lipid (but no fatty acid) biosynthesis
Minimal_genome
Anticholinergic medication used as antidote for nerve agent poisoning
biosynthesis of atropine starting from l-phenylalanine first undergoes a transamination forming phenylpyruvic acid which is then reduced to phenyl-lactic acid
Atropine
Chemical compound
in treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. L-Lysine undergoes a transamination to form α-aminoadipic acid. α-Aminoadipic acid undergoes a ring closure
Castanospermine
Life arising from non-living matter
the pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis, reductive amination, and transamination. LUCA systems and environment included the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. A
Abiogenesis
Peptide hormone
receptors) Arginine Alanine (often from muscle-derived pyruvate/glutamate transamination (see alanine transaminase reaction). Acetylcholine Cholecystokinin Gastric
Glucagon
Chemical compound
able to cause negative alterations to the genome such as catalyzing transamination, and to induce sister-chromatid exchanges suggesting possible genotoxicity
Sodium_bisulfite
Organic compounds with a –COOH group and a C=O group
cell signaling by functioning as a coenzyme. It is commonly used in transamination reactions. 2-Oxoadipic acid Alpha keto acids are used primarily as energy
Keto_acid
Chemical compound
Transamination of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylformamidinium chloride
N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylformamidinium chloride
N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylformamidinium_chloride
Chemical reaction
acid into 1-hydroxynaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid. It is also useful for transamination reactions of 2-aminonaphthalenes. In the first step of the reaction
Bucherer_reaction
Chemical compound
Hydrogenation of benzonitrile in principle gives benzylamine, but owing to transamination, dibenzylamine and tribenzylamine are also produced. Benzonitrile is
Benzonitrile
Class of chemically related vitamins
a coenzyme (cofactor) for many reactions including decarboxylation, transamination, racemization, elimination, replacement, and beta-group interconversion
Vitamin_B6
Chemical compound
using 2 malonyl-CoA forms 5-ketooctanal. Ketooctanal then undergoes transamination using alanine:5-keto-octanal aminotransferase. The amine then spontaneously
Coniine
Class of naturally occurring chemical compounds
but acquire their nitrogen atom not from the amino acid but through transamination. Some alkaloids do not have the carbon skeleton characteristic of their
Alkaloid
Biosynthesis of glucose molecules
of the gluconeogenic pathway, can then be used to generate glucose. Transamination or deamination of amino acids facilitates entering of their carbon skeleton
Gluconeogenesis
Blood tests indicating the state of the liver
ALT is found in the kidneys, heart, and muscles. It catalyses the transamination reaction, and only exists in a cytoplasmic form. Any kind of liver injury
Liver_function_tests
Chemical compound
in benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Tyrosine can undergo a PLP-mediated transamination to form 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4-HPP), followed by a TPP-mediated
Noscapine
Chemical compound
is hydrolyzed to aspartate by asparaginase. Aspartate then undergoes transamination to form glutamate and oxaloacetate from alpha-ketoglutarate. Oxaloacetate
Asparagine
Conversion of a carbonyl to an amine
starting from α-ketoglutarate, while biochemistry largely relies on transamination to introduce nitrogen in the other amino acids. The use of enzymes as
Reductive_amination
Class of enzymes
diamino acid aminotransferase. Roberts E (February 1954). "Studies of transamination". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 48 (2): 395–401. doi:10
2,5-diaminovalerate transaminase
2,5-diaminovalerate_transaminase
Class of enzymes
essential amino acid. The first step in HMB metabolism is the reversible transamination of leucine to [α-KIC] that occurs mainly extrahepatically (Block and
Enoyl-CoA_hydratase
Heterocyclic aromatic organic compound
pyridinium cations. More elaborate N-alkylation can be prepared through transamination in the Zincke reaction (no relation to the chemical element zinc). The
Pyridine
Metabolic pathway for transport of energy into and removal of ammonia from muscles
To do so, the ammonium is combined with free α-ketoglutarate via a transamination reaction in the cell, yielding glutamate and α-keto acid. Alanine aminotransaminase
Cahill_cycle
Process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms
N-succinyl-α-amino-ε-ketopimelate-glutamate aminotransaminase catalyzes the transamination reaction that removes the keto group of N-acetyl α-amino-ε-ketopimelate
Biosynthesis
Proposed alternative scenarios related to abiogenesis
pyrophosphate, and ribose at silica at 70 °C. Reductive amination and transamination reactions catalyzed by alkaline hydrothermal vent mineral and metal
Alternative abiogenesis scenarios
Alternative_abiogenesis_scenarios
Biochemical transport system
function is not to move electrons but regenerate the metabolites. The transamination of oxaloacetate to aspartate is achieved through the use of glutamate
Mitochondrial_shuttle
Chemical compound
TATB will be switched over to a process involving the nitration and transamination of phloroglucinol, since this process is milder, cheaper, and reduces
TATB
Chemical compound
apparently named after. Kynurenic acid is formed from kynurenine by transamination with α-ketoglutaric acid in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme kynurenine—oxoglutarate
Kynurenic_acid
Species of bacterium
observed, where α-ketoglutarate is formed by glutamate dehydrogenase or transamination of oxaloacetate and glutamate by aspartate aminotransferase (yielding
Neisseria_gonorrhoeae
Chemical compound
essential amino acid. The first step in HMB metabolism is the reversible transamination of leucine to [α-KIC] that occurs mainly extrahepatically (Block and
Methylcrotonyl-CoA
Chemical compound
homeostasis in skeletal muscle and heart is controlled by β-alanine transamination". The Journal of Physiology. 594 (17): 4849–4863. doi:10.1113/JP272050
Anserine
Chemical compound
order to be able to take the place of GABA during the first steps of transamination, including transaldimination and 1,3-prototrophic shift to the pyridoxamine
Gabaculine
American immunology researcher (1923–2001)
in 1951. His research with Barnes was on the enzymatic mechanism of transamination. Nisonoff was introduced to the subject of antibodies while studying
Alfred_Nisonoff
RNA family
substrates they operate on. Evidence suggests that they catalyze the transamination of GABA and the dehydrogenation of the product to form succinate, an
GabT_RNA_motif
Chemical reaction
This is a reversible reaction forming oxaloacetate from aspartate in a transamination reaction, via aspartate transaminase. Glutamate α-Ketoglutarate Glutamate
Anaplerotic_reactions
Chemical compound
essential amino acid. The first step in HMB metabolism is the reversible transamination of leucine to [α-KIC] that occurs mainly extrahepatically (Block and
3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA
Chemical compound
modify the Vibrio fluvialis aminotransferase to catalyze the asymmetric transamination of a synthetic intermediate. Atagabalin PD-217,014 Gabapentinoids Quintero
Imagabalin
Chemical compound
essential amino acid. The first step in HMB metabolism is the reversible transamination of leucine to [α-KIC] that occurs mainly extrahepatically (Block and
Α-Ketoisocaproic_acid
Chemical compound
Several different molecules can serve as the nitrogen donor for the transamination, however, Hubbard et al suspect L-tyrosine to serve as the most efficient
4-Hydroxyphenylglycine
Class of enzymes which transfer functional groups between molecules
believed that two or more enzymes enacted functional group transfers. Transamination, or the transfer of an amine (or NH2) group from an amino acid to a
Transferase
Anthocyanidin pigment in flowering plant petals and fruits
prephenate. Prephenate undergoes dehydration, decarboxylation, and transamination with Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and alpha-Ketoglutaric acid to form L-phenylalanine
Cyanidin
Hypothetical scenario for the origin of life
amino acids from α-keto acids by direct reductive amination and by transamination reactions can also take place. Long-chain fatty acids can be formed
Iron–sulfur_world_hypothesis
Chemical compound
1055/s-2006-962797. PMID 17269092. Wink M, Hartmann T (1979). "Cadaverine–pyruvate transamination: The principal step of enzymatic quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis
Sparteine
Chemical compound
kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase, which gives kynurenic acid by transamination with α-ketoglutaric acid. kynurenine + α-ketoglutaric acid H2O
Kynurenine
Dicarboxylic acid
intermediate succinyl-CoA and instead producing the intermediate GABA. Transamination and subsequent decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate leads to the formation
Succinic_acid
Chemical process
pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), several N-terminal amino acids can undergo transamination to yield N-terminal aldehyde, such as glycine and aspartic acid (third
Bioconjugation
Chemical compound
as phenylalanine and tyrosine. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate (produced by transamination of tyrosine) is acted upon by the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
Homogentisic_acid
Protein family
multitude of reactions, including decarboxylation, deamination and transamination. A number of pyridoxal-dependent enzymes involved in the metabolism
Cys/Met metabolism PLP-dependent enzyme family
Cys/Met_metabolism_PLP-dependent_enzyme_family
Chemical reaction for synthesizing C–N bonds
paper offering two major improvements over the original paper. First, transamination of Bu3SnNEt2 followed by argon purge to remove the volatile diethylamine
Buchwald–Hartwig_amination
Chemical reactions which turn into modern metabolism
Joseph (2021-11-03). "Mechanistic Insight into Metal Ion-Catalyzed Transamination". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 143 (45): 19099–19111. doi:10
Proto-metabolism
Chemical compound
acid form is unstable. Arogenate is synthesized from prephenate by transamination. This reaction can be catalyzed by several enzymes, including aromatic-amino-acid
Arogenic_acid
Protein-coding gene in humans
matrix mitochondrion Biological process glycine biosynthetic process, by transamination of glyoxylate positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
AGXT2
Biochemical process in which fatty acids are derived from acetyl-CoA and NADPH
acyl-CoA esters as primers. α-Keto acid primers are derived from the transamination and decarboxylation of valine, leucine, and isoleucine to form 2-methylpropanyl-CoA
Fatty_acid_synthesis
Chemical compound
essential amino acid. The first step in HMB metabolism is the reversible transamination of leucine to [α-KIC] that occurs mainly extrahepatically (Block and
Β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid
Β-Hydroxy_β-methylbutyric_acid
Chemical compound
reduction of the CoA-ester to form an aldehyde intermediate, followed by transamination. Condensation of the dodec-3-en-1-amine product of this reaction and
Tambjamine
transaminase K from rat kidney. Use of a sensitive assay involving transamination between L-phenylalanine and alpha-keto-gamma-methiolbutyrate". Anal
Glutamine—phenylpyruvate transaminase
Glutamine—phenylpyruvate_transaminase
Antibiotic
primary amine group through pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and glutamine transamination (3a). This process is repeated again at C4 to form a second primary
Spectinomycin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
alanine transaminase, a pyridoxal enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to generate pyruvate and glutamate
Glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2
Glutamic--pyruvic_transaminase_2
Chemical compound
the 6-member ring and producing fructose-6-phosphate. GabT1 catalyzes transamination at the C2 position, followed by a dephosphorylation by the Yktc1 enzyme
1-Deoxynojirimycin
Class of enzymes
2-amino-2-deoxyisochorismic acid is produced from chorismic acid by transamination using glutamine as the source of the amino group: chorismic acid + glutamine
2-Amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase
2-Amino-4-deoxychorismate_synthase
maint: numeric names: authors list (link) RUDMAN D, MEISTER A (1953). "Transamination in Escherichia coli". J. Biol. Chem. 200 (2): 591–604. doi:10
Valine—pyruvate_transaminase
TRANSAMINATION
TRANSAMINATION
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TRANSAMINATION
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Good
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Abode of Creation
Boy/Male
Tamil
Reincarnation of Lord Rama, Powerful, Undefeated
Girl/Female
Indian
Feeling
Male
Arthurian
, (lordly); brother of Gildas.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Name of a mountain in Medina, Contentment
Boy/Male
Armenian, Australian, Greek
Tower
Boy/Male
Italian
Present.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Young female gazelle
Boy/Male
Hindu
God of lotus
TRANSAMINATION
TRANSAMINATION
TRANSAMINATION
TRANSAMINATION
TRANSAMINATION