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Dicarboxylic acid
Succinic acid (/səkˈsɪnɪk/) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH2)2(CO2H)2. In living organisms, succinic acid takes the form of an anion
Succinic_acid
Chemical compound
Succinic anhydride, is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH2CO)2O. This colorless solid is the acid anhydride of succinic acid. In the laboratory
Succinic_anhydride
Microbial production of Succinic acid can be performed with wild bacteria like Actinobacillus succinogenes, Mannheimia succiniciproducens and Anaerobiospirillum
Succinic_acid_fermentation
Chemical compound
further oxidised to become succinic acid, which enters TCA cycle. SSA is oxidized into succinic acid by the enzyme succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
Succinic_semialdehyde
Chemical compound
valproic acid will be inhibited via inhibition of the conversion from succinic acid semialdehyde to GHB. People with the disorder known as succinic semialdehyde
Γ-Hydroxybutyric_acid
Organic acid found in many fruits
Tartaric acid, an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid. Tartaric
Tartaric_acid
Chemical compound
peptides and plastics, which is useful in a variety of assay techniques. Succinic anhydride N-Hydroxysuccinimide N-Bromosuccinimide International Union of
Succinimide
Organic compound with two –COOH groups
are found in nature. Aspartic acid and glutamic acid are two amino acids found in all life. Succinic and fumaric acids are essential for metabolism. A
Dicarboxylic_acid
Biodegradable polymer
the reaction between succinic acid and ethylene glycol to form what he named "succino-ethylenic acid". He noticed that this acid was losing water when
Polybutylene_succinate
Chemical compound
during storage. When consumed by mammals, daminozide is catabolised into succinic acid (a non-toxic general intermediate in primary metabolism[citation needed])
Daminozide
Research field in chemistry and chemical engineering
integrated production and downstream applications of bio-based succinic acid. Succinic acid is a platform chemical that is an important starting material
Green_chemistry
Rare disorder involving deficiency in GABA degradation
SSADH works with the enzyme GABA transaminase to convert GABA to succinic acid. Succinic acid can then be utilized for energy production via the Krebs cycle
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
Succinic_semialdehyde_dehydrogenase_deficiency
Dicarboxylic acid
commercially, maleic acid can be converted into maleic anhydride by dehydration, to malic acid by hydration, and to succinic acid by hydrogenation (ethanol
Maleic_acid
converts MA to succinic acid; thus succinic is an alternative feedstock. JM Davy has adjusted its process and tested BioAmber's bio-succinic acid so it can
BioAmber
Fossilized tree resin
They have a communic acid base, and they also include much succinic acid. Baltic amber yields on dry distillation succinic acid, the proportion varying
Amber
Monotypic genus of bacterium
rumen in 2008. Its ability to produce relatively large quantities of succinic acid through fermentation in biomass hydrolysates is potentially important
Basfia
and succinic acids can play significant roles. Most of the acids involved with wine are fixed acids with the notable exception of acetic acid, mostly
Acids_in_wine
Inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain
acid (GABA) and 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) into succinic semialdehyde and glutamate. Succinic semialdehyde is then oxidized into succinic acid by
GABA
Organic compound
is 10 g/kg. Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) Fumarate reductase Photosynthesis Maleic acid, the cis isomer of fumaric acid Succinic acid Record in the GESTIS
Fumaric_acid
Food additive
Octenyl succinic acid modified gum Arabic is known to the FAO as a food additive. It has E number E423, and is a chemical modification of gum arabic.
Octenyl succinic acid modified gum arabic
Octenyl_succinic_acid_modified_gum_arabic
Measure of the tendency of an acid to dissociate
dissociation constant. This includes acids such as the dibasic acid succinic acid, for which the simple method of calculating the pH of a solution, shown
Acid_strength
Class of chemical compounds
from dicarboxylic acids and ammonia. The names of these cyclic imides reflect the parent acid; e.g. succinimide from succinic acid: Many imides are derived
Imide
Carboxylic acid with chemical formula CH2(COOH)2
Malonic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2. The ionized form of malonic acid, as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates
Malonic_acid
Metabolic redox process producing energy in the absence of oxygen
production varying from 6 kilotonnes to over one million tonnes annually. Succinic acid is an important biobased chemical utilized for the production of biodegradable
Fermentation
Species of bacterium
Actinobacillus succinogenes is a bacterium. It is a succinic acid-producing strain first isolated from the bovine rumen. It is a facultatively anaerobic
Actinobacillus_succinogenes
Chemical compound
salt of succinic acid. Succinic acid reacts with ammonium carbonate to form ammonium succinate. Also, a reaction of ammonia water with succinic acid: 2NH4OH
Ammonium_succinate
Simplest dicarboxylic acid. (COOH)2
Emanuel (1987). "Solubility of oxalic, malonic, succinic, adipic, maleic, malic, citric, and tartaric acids in water from 278.15 to 338.15 K". The Journal
Oxalic_acid
Chemical compound (CH2)4(COOH)2
and succinic acids. Nitrous oxide is produced in about one to one mole ratio to the adipic acid, as well, via the intermediacy of a nitrolic acid. Related
Adipic_acid
Chemical compound
Succinylmonocholine is an ester of succinic acid and choline created by the metabolism of suxamethonium chloride. Succinic acid Choline PubChem. "Succinylmonocholine"
Succinylmonocholine
Chemical compound
esters are commercially produced from short-chain acids such as adipic acid, glutaric acid, and succinic acid. They are non-flammable, readily biodegradable
Dibasic_ester
Chemical reaction
reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with an ester of succinic acid to generate alkylidene succinic acid or related derivatives. The reaction consumes one
Stobbe_condensation
Class of chemical compounds with similar pharmacology
Adamantane derivatives such as bromantane Thiazoloindole derivatives Succinic acid and 3-hydroxypridine derivatives such as mexidol Bromantane Memantine
Actoprotector
Carboxylic acid with chemical formula CH3CH2CO2H
end-products during cell growth and the formation of by-products (acetic acid and succinic acid). One approach to improve productivity and yield during fermentation
Propionic_acid
Chemical compound
Glutaric acid is the organic compound with the formula C3H6(COOH)2. Although the related "linear" dicarboxylic acids adipic and succinic acids are water-soluble
Glutaric_acid
Chemical compound
Fluoroacetic acid Dippy, J. F. J.; Hughes, S. R. C.; Rozanski, A. (1959). "498. The dissociation constants of some symmetrically disubstituted succinic acids". Journal
Chloroacetic_acid
chemical reaction succinic semialdehyde + NAD+ H2O H+ H2O H+ succinic acid + NADH The three substrates of this enzyme are succinic semialdehyde, oxidised
Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)
Succinate-semialdehyde_dehydrogenase_(NAD(P)+)
One of four stable isomers of butanediol
then hydrogenated. Other routes are from butadiene, allyl acetate and succinic acid. A biological route to BD has been commercialized that uses a genetically
1,4-Butanediol
Class of enzymes
chemical reaction N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid H2O diaminopimelic acid + succinic acid The enzyme characterised from a number of blue-green
Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase
Succinyl-diaminopimelate_desuccinylase
Class of enzymes
succinic acid The two substrates of this enzyme characterised from rat liver are meglutol and succinic-CoA. Its products are HMG-CoA and succinic acid
Succinate—hydroxymethylglutarate CoA-transferase
Succinate—hydroxymethylglutarate_CoA-transferase
Chemical compound (CH3CH2CH2COOH)
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid Oxobutyric acids 2-Oxobutyric acid (α-ketobutyric acid) 3-Oxobutyric acid (acetoacetic acid) 4-Oxobutyric acid (succinic semialdehyde)
Butyric_acid
Chemical compound (CH2=CHCOOH)
"Acrylic acid_msds". Dippy, J. F. J.; Hughes, S. R. C.; Rozanski, A. (1959). "The dissociation constants of some symmetrically disubstituted succinic acids".
Acrylic_acid
Type of enzyme
chemical reaction fumaric acid + NADH H+ H+ succinic acid + NAD+ The three substrates of this enzyme are fumaric acid, reduced nicotinamide adenine
Fumarate_reductase_(NADH)
brown coal which are near amber in appearance, but contain little or no succinic acid. It may conveniently serve as a generic name, since no two independent
Retinite
Viscous by-product of the refining of sugarcane, grapes, or sugar beets into sugar
microbial activity, resulting in increased production of succinic acid, malic acid, butyric acid and mannitol. Production of these common plant defensive
Molasses
Chemical compound
with the formula (CH2)2(COCl)2. It is the acyl chloride derivative of succinic acid and a simple diacid chloride. It is a colorless liquid. It used as a
Succinyl_chloride
Dicarboxylic acid responsible for apple acidity
Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula HO2CCH(OH)CH2CO2H. It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes
Malic_acid
Polymers that break down by bacterial decomposition
lactic acid is obtained biologically, it is discussed as a bio-derived biodegradable material. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is derived from succinic acid and
Biodegradable_polymer
Chemical compound
rice starch production. Octenyl succinic acid modified gum arabic "Compound Summary for CID 11276246 - Octenylsuccinic Acid". PubChem. He, Jinhua; Liu, Jie;
Octenylsuccinic_acid
Enzyme
oxidant. codeine + α-ketoglutaric acid + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } morphine + formaldehyde + succinic acid + CO2 This is the reaction from
Codeine_3-O-demethylase
chemical reaction succinic semialdehyde + NAD+ H2O H+ H2O H+ succinic acid + NADH The three substrates of this enzyme are succinic semialdehyde, oxidised
Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
Succinate-semialdehyde_dehydrogenase
Chemical compound
dicarboxylic acids; either by ring-opening polymerization of succinic anhydride with ethylene oxide or by polycondensation of succinic acid and ethylene
Poly(ethylene_succinate)
Chemical compound
4-(4-Methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid can be prepared by a Friedel–Crafts reaction between toluene and succinic anhydride catalyzed by a Lewis acid such as aluminium
4-(4-Methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid
4-(4-Methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic_acid
Chemical compound
made from renewable resources. The name is derived from the salt of succinic acid, the structurally related succinate. The production of polysuccinimide
Polysuccinimide
Chemical compound
Hypochlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula ClOH, also written as HClO, HOCl, or ClHO. Its structure is H−O−Cl. It is an acid that forms
Hypochlorous_acid
Chemical compound
colorless liquid, diethyl succinate is formed by Fischer esterification of succinic acid and ethanol. Being a diester, diethyl succinate is a particularly versatile
Diethyl_succinate
How much more of one enantiomer a sample of chiral substance contains
always hold. For example, the specific rotation of (S)-2-ethyl-2-methyl succinic acid is found to be dependent on concentration in what is known as the Horeau
Enantiomeric_excess
Class of enzymes
catalyzes the chemical reaction β-ketoadipic acid + succinyl-CoA 3-oxoadipyl-CoA + succinic acid The two substrates of this enzyme characterised
3-oxoadipate_CoA-transferase
Type of amber from the Baltic area
around the same time as Baltic amber. Because Baltic amber contains 3–8% succinic acid, it is also termed succinite. In situ Baltic amber is derived from the
Baltic_amber
Chemical compound
Pedro (2002-05-15). "A new polymorph of 9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-α,β-succinic acid anhydride". Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online
Anthracene–maleic anhydride adduct
Anthracene–maleic_anhydride_adduct
Chemical compound
instead, Kolbe concluded that asparagine was an amide of an amine of succinic acid. In 1886, the Italian chemist Arnaldo Piutti (1857–1928) discovered
Asparagine
Chemical compound
(/ˌsʌksɪnəlˌkoʊˈeɪ/) or SucCoA, is a thioester of succinic acid and coenzyme A. It is an important intermediate in the citric acid cycle, where it is synthesized from
Succinyl-CoA
Chemical compound
synthetase. Argininosuccinic acid is a precursor to fumarate in the citric acid cycle via argininosuccinate lyase. Succinic acid Ganetzky, Rebecca D.; Bedoukian
Argininosuccinic_acid
Species of plant
pulp also contains glucose, fructose, sucrose, inositol, citric acid, and succinic acid. When eaten raw, the very sweet fruit is bright yellow and has
Lucuma_bifera
hydrochloric acid, lactic acid (commonly found in fermented milk), malic acid, phosphoric acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid. Acidified milk lacks certain
Acidified_milk
Class of medications used to alleviate anxiety
"Comparative Analysis of the Anxiolytic Effects of 3-Hydroxypyridine and Succinic Acid Derivatives". Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 158 (6):
Anxiolytic
French chemist, pharmacist and microbiologist (1822–1895)
Pasteur thought that succinic acid inverted sucrose. In 1860, Marcellin Berthelot isolated invertase and showed that succinic acid did not invert sucrose
Louis_Pasteur
Chemical compound
HOOC-C(CH3)2-C(CH3)2-COOH. It can be seen as derivative of succinic acid (butane-1,4-dioic acid) with two methyl groups replacing two hydrogen atoms on each
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylsuccinic acid
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylsuccinic_acid
2-oxoglutaric acid O2 CO2 2-deoxyribonolactone + uracil + succinic acid The three substrates of this enzyme are deoxyuridine, 2-oxoglutaric acid, and
Pyrimidine-deoxynucleoside 1'-dioxygenase
Pyrimidine-deoxynucleoside_1'-dioxygenase
Organic compound containing the functional group R–CH=O
An example is butanedial, which is also called succinaldehyde (from succinic acid). Some aldehydes are substrates for aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes which
Aldehyde
Species of fungus
acid, ketoglutaric acid, fumaric acid, shikimic acid and traces of succinic acid were detected. Malic and ascorbic acids were the most abundant compounds
Amanita_caesarea
Enzyme
membrane by coupling the two reactions together. succinic acid + ubiquinone fumaric acid + ubiquinol Mitochondrial and many bacterial SQRs
Succinate_dehydrogenase
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
β-Ketobutyric acid (acetoacetic acid or 3-oxobutyric acid) In addition, oxobutyric acid, or oxobutanoic acid may refer to: 4-Oxobutanoic acid (succinic semialdehyde
Ketobutyric_acid
Class of enzymes
enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction oxalic acid + succinyl-CoA succinic acid + oxalyl-CoA The two substrates of this enzyme characterised
Oxalate_CoA-transferase
catalyses the following chemical reaction succinic semialdehyde + NADP+ H2O H+ H2O H+ succinic acid + NADPH This enzyme participates in the degradation
Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)
Succinate-semialdehyde_dehydrogenase_(NADP+)
Species of bacterium
The bacterium ferments glucose to produce lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid and succinic acid. The type strain of the species is HT03-11(T) ( = YIT
Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans
Fusicatenibacter_saccharivorans
Chemical compound
FDCA can also serve as a starting material for the production of succinic acid, whose utility is elsewhere. The primary technical barrier in the production
2,5-Furandicarboxylic_acid
Class of enzymes
This mechanism requires 2-oxoglutaric acid to activate the iron oxygen complex, and this gives succinic acid and carbon dioxide when the second atom
2'-deoxymugineic-acid 2'-dioxygenase
2'-deoxymugineic-acid_2'-dioxygenase
Chemical compound
acetone diacetic acid or hydrochelidonic acid) was first obtained in 1889 by Jacob Volhard through heating succinic acid or succinic anhydride, with the
1,6-Dioxaspiro(4.4)nonane-2,7-dione
1,6-Dioxaspiro(4.4)nonane-2,7-dione
Chemical compound
"Comparative analysis of the anxiolytic effects of 3-hydroxypyridine and succinic acid derivatives". Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 158 (6):
Emoxypine
Molecule containing two adjacent C=O groups
Succinic acid and its esters are the parent members of this family of 1,4-dicarbonyls. Succinic acid is notable as a component in the citric acid cycle
Dicarbonyl
Distilled alcoholic beverage from China
liquor is contributed primarily by ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, and succinic acid and give the spirit a taste of dried fruit with floral notes. It is
Baijiu
Species of bacterium
Biochemically, the species produces succinic acid as the major end-product of fermentation, along with acetic acid. The bacterium is commonly found in
Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens
Anaerobiospirillum_succiniciproducens
Vitamin
growing on pyridine, but not when grown on other substrates, such as succinic acid. The first total synthesis of riboflavin was carried out by Richard
Riboflavin
Chemical compound
in its parent and other cells as detailed elsewhere (see SUCNR1 and succinic acid). KEAP1 (i.e., Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) resides in the cytoplasm
Itaconic_acid
Wine making process
ester, fatty acids, fusel oils, hydrogen sulfide, ketones and mercaptans or "non-volatile" like glycerol, acetic acid and succinic acid. Yeast also has
Fermentation_in_winemaking
Fine powder green tea
flavor with twice the amino acids (the source of umami) as sencha green tea. The amino acids, theanine, succinic acid, gallic acid, and theogallin are the
Matcha
2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases requires 2-oxoglutaric acid to activate the iron oxygen complex, and this gives succinic acid and carbon dioxide when the second atom
Proline_3-hydroxylase
Biochemical conversion of six-carbon sugars into acids in bacteria
Millard, Cynthia Sanville; et al. (1996). "Enhanced production of succinic acid by overexpression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Escherichia
Mixed_acid_fermentation
Chemical compound
carboxylic acids. Succinic anhydride gives succinamic acid (HO2CCH2CH2C(O)NH2), citraconic anhydride gives two isomers of citraconamic acid (HO2CCH2CH(CH3)C(O)NH2
Maleamic_acid
Type of vinegar originating in Italy
(mainly glucose and fructose) and organic acids (mainly acetic, gluconic, malic, tartaric, succinic acids). The classes of the minor compounds refer
Traditional_balsamic_vinegar
Chemical compound
2-Hydroxybutyric acid (α-hydroxybutyric acid) Other oxobutanoic acids 3-Oxobutanoic acid (acetoacetic acid) 4-Oxobutanoic acid (succinic semialdehyde) Luo
Α-Ketobutyric_acid
Class of enzymes
2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases requires 2-oxoglutaric acid to activate the iron oxygen complex, and this gives succinic acid and carbon dioxide when the second atom
Lysyl_hydroxylase
Chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen and another compound or element
derivative using a Raney-Nickel catalyst. Hydrogenation of maleic acid to succinic acid. The addition of hydrogen to double or triple bonds in hydrocarbons
Hydrogenation
4-Carbon monounsaturated fatty acid
Crotonic acid ((2E)-but-2-enoic acid) is a short-chain unsaturated carboxylic acid described by the formula CH3CH=CHCO2H. The name crotonic acid was given
Crotonic_acid
Class of enzymes
oxygen is removed. Ascorbic acid improves the turnover number of the enzyme. 2-oxoglutaric acid [O] CO2 succinic acid Forkmann G, Heller W, Grisebach
Flavanone_3-dioxygenase
Chemical compound
"498. The dissociation constants of some symmetrically disubstituted succinic acids". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 2492. doi:10.1039/jr9590002492
Nitroacetic_acid
Index of chemical compounds with the same molecular formula
peroxide Dimethyl oxalate Glycerol-1,2-carbonate Methylmalonic acid (MMA) Succinic acid This set index page lists chemical structure articles associated
C4H6O4
First-generation antihistamine used as a short-term sedative and hypnotic (sleep aid)
it had been marketed since 1979. Doxylamine is primarily used as the succinic acid salt, doxylamine succinate. It is the sedating ingredient of NyQuil
Doxylamine
Chemical compound
Succinprotocetraric acid is an organic chemical compound with the formula C22H18O12. It is the ester of succinic acid and protocetraric acid and it is classified
Succinprotocetraric_acid
Codes for food additives
permitted for human consumption. Sodium nitrite (E250) is toxic. Sulfuric acid (E513) is harmful to organic tissues. Not all examples of a class fall into
E_number
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