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Theory concerning second language acquisition
The threshold hypothesis is a hypothesis concerning second language acquisition set forth in a study by Jim Cummins (1976), which states that a minimum
Threshold_hypothesis
American psychologist (1915–2003)
a view which Perkins has termed the "nothing special" hypothesis. The "threshold hypothesis", proposed by Torrance, holds that, in a general sample
Ellis_Paul_Torrance
Main model used in radioprotection to minimize radiation exposures
The linear no-threshold model (LNT) is a dose-response model used in radiation protection to estimate stochastic health effects such as radiation-induced
Linear_no-threshold_model
Process of losing a language
attriting). The threshold hypothesis, created by Jim Cummins in 1979 and expanded on since then, claims that there are language fluency thresholds that one must
Language_attrition
Method of statistical inference
convention establishing a threshold of statistical evidence or a method for drawing conclusions from data. The statistical hypothesis test added mathematical
Statistical_hypothesis_test
2010 economics paper by Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff
aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, the evidence for the 90%-debt threshold hypothesis provided support for pro-austerity policies. In 2013, academic critics
Growth_in_a_Time_of_Debt
Failure of cells to respond appropriately to insulin
substrate (IRS) and PI3K. This concept forms the basis of the adjustable threshold hypothesis of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance has been proposed to be
Insulin_resistance
Position that there is no relationship between two phenomena
distribution if their probability is lower than a significance threshold of 0.05. A potential null hypothesis implying a one-tailed test is "this coin is not biased
Null_hypothesis
Measure of ionization of air by ionizing radiation
this threshold of 100 mSv will produce a direct increase in probability of incurring cancer. This dose-response model is known as 'linear-non-threshold' or
Radiation_exposure
Concept in inferential statistics
significance level α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the threshold for p {\displaystyle p} below which the null hypothesis is rejected even though by assumption it were
Statistical_significance
Function of the observed sample results
significance test, the null hypothesis H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} is rejected if the p-value is less than a predefined threshold value α {\displaystyle \alpha
P-value
British physician
of remission from type 2 diabetes. He developed the Personal Fat Threshold hypothesis together with Professor Rury Holman He then showed that type 2 diabetes
Roy_Taylor_(diabetologist)
Index of articles associated with the same name
without treatment, the threshold to trigger an epileptic seizure or mood episode in bipolar disorder will be lowered. Kindling hypothesis of bipolar disorder
Kindling_hypothesis
Types of error in data reporting
corresponds to rejecting the null hypothesis, and a negative result corresponds to not rejecting the null hypothesis. The terms are often used interchangeably
False positives and false negatives
False_positives_and_false_negatives
Concepts from statistical hypothesis testing
null hypothesis in statistical hypothesis testing. A type II error, or a false negative, is the incorrect acceptance of a false null hypothesis. An analysis
Type_I_and_type_II_errors
Hypothesis of the formation of the Moon
The giant-impact hypothesis, sometimes called the Theia Impact, is an astrogeology hypothesis for the formation of the Moon first proposed in 1946 by Canadian
Giant-impact_hypothesis
Postulate in biology
Robertson Raleigh J (1979). "Offspring quality and the polygyny threshold: 'the sexy son hypothesis". The American Naturalist. 113 (2): 201–208. doi:10.1086/283379
Sexy_son_hypothesis
American psychology professor
creative writing and art, patents etc. Lubinski has argued against the "threshold hypothesis", which suggests (1) that a minimum IQ is needed to achieve a high
David_Lubinski
Observed inability to reproduce scientific studies
Under null hypothesis assumption, results are deemed statistically significant when their probability falls below a predetermined threshold (the significance
Replication_crisis
Hypothesized effect of blood lead levels on criminal behavior
that no safe threshold for lead exposure exists. The major source of lead exposure during the 20th century was leaded gasoline. The hypothesis argues that
Lead–crime_hypothesis
Pain in the head, neck, or face
triggers and prodromal symptoms on how migraine attacks start: The threshold hypothesis". Cephalalgia. 44 (10) 3331024241287224. doi:10.1177/03331024241287224
Headache
Topics referred to by the same term
Critical value or threshold value can refer to: A quantitative threshold in medicine, chemistry and physics Critical value (statistics), boundary of the
Critical_value
Standardized test used for U.S. college admissions
Lubinski, David; Benbow, Camilla P. (December 14, 2010). "Beyond the Threshold Hypothesis: Even Among the Gifted and Top Math/Science Graduate Students, Cognitive
SAT
Disorder resulting in recurrent moderate–severe headaches
triggers and prodromal symptoms on how migraine attacks start: The threshold hypothesis". Cephalalgia. 44 (10) 3331024241287224. doi:10.1177/03331024241287224
Migraine
Strategy where one sex mimics the opposite sex
not benefit a short-lived species. This is known as the breeding threshold hypothesis, and states that SY males should only delay breeding if there is
Sexual_mimicry
Discrepancy of the lack of evidence for alien life despite its apparent likelihood
Panspermia – Hypothesis on the interstellar spreading of primordial life Quiet and loud aliens – Concept in astrobiology Rare Earth hypothesis – Hypothesis that
Fermi_paradox
Score from a test designed to assess intelligence
Lubinski, David; Benbow, Camilla P. (14 December 2010). "Beyond the Threshold Hypothesis" (PDF). Current Directions in Psychological Science. 19 (6): 346–351
Intelligence_quotient
Measure of increase in market value of goods
theory that relates economic growth with quality of life is the "Threshold Hypothesis", which states that economic growth up to a point brings with it
Economic_growth
that a p-value can take during null hypothesis significance testing: it is either above the significance threshold (usually 0.05) or below. When applying
Dichotomous_thinking
Medical condition
15, 2014). "Raison d'être of insulin resistance: the adjustable threshold hypothesis". J R Soc Interface. 11 (101) 20140892. doi:10.1098/rsif.2014.0892
Reactive_hypoglycemia
Statistical methods for comparing samples
Z-test (also called the two-sample proportion Z-test) is a statistical hypothesis test for assessing whether two groups differ in the proportion of a binary
Two-proportion_Z-test
Term in statistical hypothesis testing
unlikely it is for the null hypothesis of no effect to be rejected if it is in fact true. The most commonly used threshold is a probability of rejection
Power_(statistics)
Psychometric factor also known as "general intelligence"
K.F.; Smeets, S.; Lubinski, D.; Benbow, C.P. (2010). "Beyond the Threshold Hypothesis: Even Among the Gifted and Top Math/Science Graduate Students, Cognitive
G_factor_(psychometrics)
Speakers of Austronesian languages
Hmong–Mien and even Japanese-Ryukyuan into the larger Austric hypothesis. While the Austric hypothesis remains contentious, there is genetic evidence that at
Austronesian_peoples
Unexpected outcome in experiments
expected under the null hypothesis; its probability (under the null hypothesis) does not exceed the significance level, i.e., the threshold set prior to testing
Null_result
State of consciousness leading into sleep
hypnopompia—sleep to wakefulness. Mental phenomena that may occur during this "threshold consciousness" include hallucinations, lucid dreaming, and sleep paralysis
Hypnagogia
Claim of past rapid changes of the Earth's axis
The cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis is a pseudoscientific claim that there have been recent, geologically rapid shifts in the axis of rotation of Earth
Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
Cataclysmic_pole_shift_hypothesis
Concept in economics
The expected utility hypothesis is a foundational assumption in mathematical economics concerning decision making under uncertainty. It postulates that
Expected_utility_hypothesis
Field of research
relationship between intelligence and creativity: New support for the threshold hypothesis by means of empirical breakpoint detection". Intelligence. 41 (4):
Cognitive_epidemiology
Amount a stimulus must be changed to be detected
the time. This limen is also known as the difference limen, difference threshold, or least perceptible difference. For many sensory modalities, over a
Just-noticeable_difference
Perceptually indistinguishable data compression
from the uncompressed input, i.e., perceptually lossless. A transparency threshold is a given value at which transparency is reached. It is commonly used
Transparency (data compression)
Transparency_(data_compression)
Cancer causing exposure to ionizing radiation in spaceflight
for low dose-rate radiation because of debate over the linear no-threshold hypothesis that is often used in statistical analysis of these data. The BEIR
Effects of ionizing radiation in spaceflight
Effects_of_ionizing_radiation_in_spaceflight
Statistical hypothesis test
Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a non-parametric rank test for statistical hypothesis testing used either to test the location of a population based on a sample
Wilcoxon_signed-rank_test
Emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation hits a material
below which no photoelectrons are emitted. This frequency is called the threshold frequency. Increasing the frequency of the incident beam increases the
Photoelectric_effect
Threshold knowledge is a term in the study of higher education used to describe core concepts—or threshold concepts—which, once understood, transform perception
Threshold_knowledge
Misinterpretation of statistical significance
results: either the null hypothesis is rejected (which however does not prove that the null hypothesis is false), or the null hypothesis cannot be rejected
Misuse_of_p-values
Ecological theory
The mesopredator release hypothesis is an ecological theory used to describe the interrelated population dynamics between apex predators and mesopredators
Mesopredator release hypothesis
Mesopredator_release_hypothesis
Hypothetical future global conflict
large-scale aggression and carnage. Still, such claims of a new "lower threshold of aggression", that might now be sufficient to qualify a war as a "World
World_War_III
and complementation hypothesis, to distinguish it from the traditional variation hypothesis. The repair and complementation hypothesis assumes that genetic
Evolution of sexual reproduction
Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction
Statistical significance threshold for genetic associations
a p-value is found to be lower than this threshold in a genome-wide association study, the null hypothesis of no true SNP-association will typically
Genome-wide_significance
Sensory stimuli below an individual's threshold for conscious perception
stimuli below an individual's threshold or limit for conscious perception, in contrast to supraliminal stimuli (above threshold). Visual stimuli may be quickly
Subliminal_stimuli
Taking in the meaning of letters or symbols
(2019). "Decoding and reading comprehension: A test of the decoding threshold hypothesis". Journal of Educational Psychology. 111 (3): 387–401. doi:10.1037/edu0000302
Reading
Management of neurological disorder
triggers and prodromal symptoms on how migraine attacks start: The threshold hypothesis". Cephalalgia. 44 (10) 3331024241287224. doi:10.1177/03331024241287224
Management_of_migraine
Statistical method for handling multiple comparisons
(FDR) is a method of conceptualizing the rate of type I errors in null hypothesis testing when conducting multiple comparisons. FDR-controlling procedures
False_discovery_rate
Population phenomenon in biology
Therefore, when the population density or size hits a number below this threshold, the population will be destined for extinction without any further aid
Allee_effect
Pressure exerted by fluids inside the skull and on the brain
which treatment is necessary, though it is common to use 15 mmHg as the threshold for beginning treatment. In general, symptoms and signs that suggest a
Intracranial_pressure
Metric for supplementing economic or well-being indicators
yield) had to be considered to be uneconomic. According to the "threshold hypothesis", developed by Manfred Max-Neef, "when macroeconomic systems expand
Genuine_progress_indicator
Ecological inflection points
a mechanism underlying ecological thresholds and zones. Inflection point Tipping point (climatology) Gaia hypothesis Groffman, Peter M.; Baron, Jill S
Ecological_threshold
Psychological phenomenon
"glow of warmth" felt in the presence of something familiar; however, his hypothesis was thrown out when results showed that the enhancement of preferences
Mere-exposure_effect
Statistical hypothesis test
p-value is below the threshold chosen for statistical significance (usually the 0.10, the 0.05, or 0.01 level), then the null hypothesis is rejected in favor
Student's_t-test
Features that occur in an organism at sexual maturity
RJ (February 1979). "Offspring quality and the polygyny threshold: "The sexy son hypothesis"". American Naturalist. 113 (2): 201–208. doi:10.1086/283379
Secondary_sex_characteristic
gonadotrophin therapy and propounded the threshold hypothesis of gonadotrophin action on the ovary. The threshold hypothesis explained, for the first time, how
James_Boyer_Brown
Statistical test
test statistic has a p-value below an appropriate threshold (e.g. p < 0.05) then the null hypothesis of homoskedasticity is rejected and heteroskedasticity
Breusch–Pagan_test
Possible earliest ancestor of the LUCA ancestral cell
RNA genome instead of the usual DNA genome. In Carl Woese's Darwinian threshold period of cellular evolution, progenotes are also thought to have had
First universal common ancestor
First_universal_common_ancestor
Logic error due to ignoring the base rate
difference of 31 orders of magnitude arising from the combinatorics of threshold rules, not low base rates alone. In a city of one million, this produces
Base_rate_fallacy
Third planet from the Sun
though the alternative spelling Gaia has become common due to the Gaia hypothesis, in which case its pronunciation is /ˈɡaɪ.ə/ GYE-ə rather than the more
Earth
Hypothetical relationship between development and inequality
market forces first increase and then decrease economic inequality. The hypothesis remains highly contested by economists, with no consensus regarding its
Kuznets_curve
Life arising from non-living matter
non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds. The prevailing scientific hypothesis is that the transition from non-living to living entities on Earth was
Abiogenesis
Proposed superfamily of Eurasian and African languages
families of northern Eurasia, first proposed in 1903. Though the Nostratic hypothesis once had a measure of support among mainstream linguists, it is now generally
Nostratic_languages
Drug use vs. human evolutionary fitness
encouraging drug consumption despite any negative side-effects. The hijack hypothesis suggests that drugs are effective hijackers of neural reward circuitry
Evolutionary models of human drug use
Evolutionary_models_of_human_drug_use
Organism that eats mostly or exclusively plant material
Habitat fragmentation Ideal free distribution Intermediate disturbance hypothesis Insular biogeography Land change modeling Landscape ecology Landscape
Herbivore
Meteorological hypothesis
The clathrate gun hypothesis is a proposed explanation for the periods of rapid warming during the Quaternary. The hypothesis is that changes in fluxes
Clathrate_gun_hypothesis
State ability to develop nuclear weapons
Nuclear latency or a nuclear threshold state is the condition of a country possessing all the expertise, infrastructure, technology, and personnel needed
Nuclear_latency
Applied to mood disorders, the hypothesis suggests that repeated depressive episodes may similarly lower the threshold required to trigger future episodes
Kindling hypothesis of depression
Kindling_hypothesis_of_depression
Effect that organisms have on other organisms
hypothesis and Mutualism Parasitism Continuum. Evolutionary game theory such as Red Queen hypothesis, Red King hypothesis, or Black Queen hypothesis has
Biological_interaction
Animal that can eat and survive on both plants and animals
Ecological deficit Ecological energetics Ecological indicator Ecological threshold Ecosystem diversity Emergence Extinction debt Kleiber's law Liebig's law
Omnivore
Assessments of possible life on Mars
table below. Similarly, for each group of parameters, the habitability threshold for each is to be determined. Laboratory simulations show that whenever
Life_on_Mars
Theory about social roles and acceptance
social roles (Eagly & Diekman, 2005). Conversely, the stereotype fit hypothesis suggests that group members will experience discrimination in different
Role_congruity_theory
Study of collection and analysis of data
model. A hypothesis is proposed for the statistical relationship between the two data sets, an alternative to an idealized null hypothesis of no relationship
Statistics
Soil type
Habitat fragmentation Ideal free distribution Intermediate disturbance hypothesis Insular biogeography Land change modeling Landscape ecology Landscape
Mesotrophic_soil
Pattern-recognition performance metrics
positives / relevant elements). Adopting a hypothesis-testing approach, where in this case, the null hypothesis is that a given item is irrelevant (not a
Precision_and_recall
Method of statistical inference
inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to calculate a probability of a hypothesis, given prior evidence, and update it as more information becomes available
Bayesian_inference
Type of statistical inference
statistics, in which the well-established methodologies of statistical hypothesis testing and confidence intervals are founded. Frequentism is based on
Frequentist_inference
Statistical measure of a binary classification
(1 − sensitivity) / specificity ≈ (1 − 0.67) / 0.91 ≈ 0.37 Prevalence threshold = P T = T P R ( − T N R + 1 ) + T N R − 1 ( T P R + T N R − 1 ) {\displaystyle
Sensitivity_and_specificity
Astronomical theory about the Solar System
The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well
Nebular_hypothesis
Genus of viruses
Global Phylogeography of Lyssaviruses - Challenging the 'Out of Africa' Hypothesis". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 10 (12) e0005266. doi:10.1371/journal
Lyssavirus
Physical manifestation of anxiety
somatic and cognitive anxiety (l) increase, performance increases until a threshold is crossed. Should arousal increase further, performance decreases. The
Somatic_anxiety
Subset of artificial intelligence
Artificial neurons may have a threshold such that the signal is only sent if the aggregate signal crosses that threshold. Typically, artificial neurons
Machine_learning
Graphical representation of biomass or biomass productivity
Ecological deficit Ecological energetics Ecological indicator Ecological threshold Ecosystem diversity Emergence Extinction debt Kleiber's law Liebig's law
Ecological_pyramid
1346–1353 pandemic in Eurasia and North Africa
plague-wildlife-human system in Central Asia are controlled by two epidemiological thresholds". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
Black_Death
Unanswered question in the study of consciousness
neural activity are a major diagnostic and scientific tool. A popular hypothesis mentioned by neuroscientist Peter Milner, in his 1974 article A Model
Binding_problem
Largest living species of dolphin
thought likely to be closely related, but genetic testing has refuted this hypothesis. A 2024 study supported the elevation of Eastern North Pacific resident
Orca
Theories explaining the formation of Earth's Moon
the Moon, but there are a number of variations on this giant-impact hypothesis, as well as alternative explanations, and research continues into how
Origin_of_the_Moon
Paleoproterozoic surge in atmospheric oxygen
energy and power a form of anoxygenic photosynthesis (see Purple Earth hypothesis). Although the event is inferred to have constituted a mass extinction
Great_Oxidation_Event
Insoluble protein aggregate with a fibrillar morphology
PMID 20026079. Morley JF, Brignull HR, Weyers JJ, Morimoto RI (August 2002). "The threshold for polyglutamine-expansion protein aggregation and cellular toxicity
Amyloid
Statistical interpretation with many tests
inferences being made—for example, by requiring a stricter significance threshold for individual comparisons. The problem of multiple comparisons received
Multiple_comparisons_problem
Alternative theories on the peopling of the Americas
The theory known as Clovis First was the predominant hypothesis among archaeologists in the second half of the 20th century to explain the peopling of
Alternatives to the Clovis First theory
Alternatives_to_the_Clovis_First_theory
Country in South America
second round was required since no candidate received over the 50% winning threshold of votes. Santos won re-election with nearly 51% of the vote in second-round
Colombia
Reduction of nestlings in a bird brood
being a maladaptive trait. Another criticism of the hypothesis is that there is no general threshold for brood reduction; conditions are not static and
Brood_reduction
U.S. state
amended by the legislature. There is a tax exemption for income below a threshold that varies from year to year. The corporate income tax rate is 8.8%,
Massachusetts
THRESHOLD HYPOTHESIS
THRESHOLD HYPOTHESIS
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for someone who did piece-work (especially someone who threshed grain), from an agent derivative of Anglo-Norman French tasque ‘task’ (Old French tasche, Late Latin taxa, of uncertain origin).Slovenian (Tašker) : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Threshold
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant spelling of Purcell, or alternatively of Percil (from Old French percer ‘to pierce’ + soel, suel ‘threshold’).
Girl/Female
Latin
Goddess of the threshold.
Boy/Male
Indian
Threshold
Biblical
threshold; silver cup
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Threshold; Gateway
Boy/Male
Biblical
Threshold, silver cup.
Boy/Male
Arabic, French, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
Old Arabic Name; Threshold
Girl/Female
Latin
Goddess of the threshold.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Selman.German (Sillmann) : possibly a variant of Sieler, or a topographic name for someone living on a ridge, from Low German süll, sill ‘sill’, ‘threshold’, ‘ramp’.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Gateway; Threshold
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Indian, Latin, Malayalam
Cultural; Goddess of the Threshold
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Threshold
THRESHOLD HYPOTHESIS
THRESHOLD HYPOTHESIS
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Wind; Light
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Tamil
A Rishi; King
Boy/Male
Hindu
Mighty, Powerful
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
A Pleased Woman
Boy/Male
Tamil
Honest
Girl/Female
Hindu
Happiness, Joy, Cheerful
Male
Egyptian
, Horus; the sun.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Multitude.
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Australian, Chinese, English, Hebrew, Indian, Muslim
Princess; Strong Women; Blossom; Rose; Form of Sarah; Eastern Brightness; Dawn; Radiance
Boy/Male
Norse
A sorcerer.
THRESHOLD HYPOTHESIS
THRESHOLD HYPOTHESIS
THRESHOLD HYPOTHESIS
THRESHOLD HYPOTHESIS
THRESHOLD HYPOTHESIS
v. t.
To make thrice as much; to make threefold.
a.
Threefold; thrice-paired.
a.
Threefold; triple; consisting of three; ternate.
imp. & p. p.
of Thresh
v. t.
Made thrice as much; threefold; tripled.
v. i.
To become threefold.
a.
Threefold; triple.
n.
The plank, stone, or piece of timber, which lies under a door, especially of a dwelling house, church, temple, or the like; the doorsill; hence, entrance; gate; door.
n.
Fig.: The place or point of entering or beginning, entrance; outset; as, the threshold of life.
n.
The timber or stone at the foot of a door; the threshold.
adv.
In a threefold manner or degree; repeatedly; very.
n.
The sill or threshold of a door.
a.
The quality or state of being triple, or threefold; trebleness.
n.
Threshold.
v. t.
To step over; to stride over or across; as, to bestride a threshold.
a.
Threefold.
a.
Triple; treble; threefold.
n.
The stone forming a threshold.
n.
Threshold.
a.
Consisting of three, or thrice repeated; triple; as, threefold justice.