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Statistical method for handling multiple comparisons
In statistics, the false discovery rate (FDR) is a method of conceptualizing the rate of type I errors in null hypothesis testing when conducting multiple
False_discovery_rate
Types of error in data reporting
1 − β. The term false discovery rate (FDR) was used by Colquhoun (2014) to mean the probability that a "significant" result was a false positive. Later
False positives and false negatives
False_positives_and_false_negatives
2005 essay written by John Ioannidis
science-wise false discovery rate one has to bring data; there are different frameworks for estimating the science-wise false discovery rate; and "it is
Why Most Published Research Findings Are False
Why_Most_Published_Research_Findings_Are_False
Chance of wrongly rejecting the null hypothesis
performing multiple comparisons, a false positive ratio (also known as fall-out or false alarm rate ) is the probability of falsely rejecting the null hypothesis
False_positive_rate
Statistical hypothesis testing measure
means to estimate the positive false discovery rate (pFDR). Just as the p-value gives the expected false positive rate obtained by rejecting the null
Q-value_(statistics)
Statistical measure of a binary classification
not take into account false positives. The bogus test also returns positive on all healthy patients, giving it a false positive rate of 100%, rendering it
Sensitivity_and_specificity
Statistical measures of whether a finding is likely to be true
the false discovery rate (FDR): FDR = 1 − PPV = Number of false positives Number of true positives + Number of false positives = Number of false positives
Positive and negative predictive values
Positive_and_negative_predictive_values
Israeli statistician (born 1949)
statistician best known for the development (with Yosef Hochberg) of the false discovery rate (FDR) criterion and the Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) and Benjamini–Yekutieli
Yoav_Benjamini
Probability of making type I errors when performing multiple hypotheses tests
Family-wise error rate (FWER) is a term from statistics for the probability of making one or more false discoveries, or type I errors when performing
Family-wise_error_rate
American academic
Learning. Storey's early research focused on the false discovery rate. At the time the false discovery rate had only been studied in the context of sequential
John_D._Storey
error rate relative to the false discovery rate and family-wise error rate, in that it is always less than or equal to those rates. Benjamini, Yoav; Hochberg
Per-comparison_error_rate
Rate statistic
considered in the problem. The FCR has a strong connection to the false discovery rate (FDR). Both methods address the problem of multiple comparisons,
False_coverage_rate
Function of the observed sample results
positive false discovery rate. It is used in multiple hypothesis testing to maintain statistical power while minimizing the false positive rate. The Probability
P-value
Israeli statistician (1945–2013)
Yoav Benjamini) of the false discovery rate (FDR) criterion and the Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) procedure for controlling the FDR rate, as well as Hochberg's
Yosef_Hochberg
Pattern-recognition performance metrics
precision (no false positives) and perfect recall (no false negatives). More generally, recall is simply the complement of the type II error rate (i.e., one
Precision_and_recall
Israeli statistician
Israel. He is known for the creation of the false coverage rate and for his work on the false discovery rate with Yoav Benjamini, including the Benjamini–Yekutieli
Daniel_Yekutieli
Decision support tool
precision, miss rate, false discovery rate, and false omission rate. All these measurements are derived from the number of true positives, false positives,
Decision_tree
estimates False Discovery Rate for multiple testing Reports local false discovery rate (the FDR for genes having a similar di as that gene) and miss rates Can
Microarray analysis techniques
Microarray_analysis_techniques
Table layout for visualizing performance; also called an error matrix
uses the four kinds of results discussed above (true positives, false negatives, false positives, and true negatives) along with the positive and negative
Confusion_matrix
American statistician
includes works on the Bayesian statistics of graphical models, false discovery rates, and regularization. She is the Louis Block Professor of statistics
Rina_Foygel_Barber
Statistical measure of a test's accuracy
positive class is always predicted. F1 score is concave in the true positive rate. David Hand and others criticize the widespread use of the F1 score since
F-score
Topics referred to by the same term
bicycle's pedals attach to the cranks q-value (statistics), the minimum false discovery rate at which the test may be called significant Q value (nuclear science)
Q_value
Concepts from statistical hypothesis testing
ethics False discovery rate – Statistical method for handling multiple comparisons False positive paradox – Logic error due to ignoring the base ratePages
Type_I_and_type_II_errors
False discovery rate, a statistical method for regulating Type I errors. Discovery of quasicrystals by Dan Shechtman of the Technion. The discovery led
List of Israeli inventions and discoveries
List_of_Israeli_inventions_and_discoveries
Extremely large or complex datasets
higher complexity (more attributes or columns) may lead to a higher false discovery rate. Big data analysis challenges include capturing data, data storage
Big_data
Topics referred to by the same term
Soviet puppet state in Finland during the Winter War (1939–1940) False discovery rate, in statistics FDR (software), for checking formal models Firearm
FDR_(disambiguation)
Statistical interpretation with many tests
the family-wise error rate or the false discovery rate. If m independent comparisons are performed, the family-wise error rate (FWER), is given by α ¯
Multiple_comparisons_problem
Statistical test for multiple comparisons
liberal, and more powerful criterion for those types of problems: False discovery rate (FDR) control. In 2006, Shaffer showed (by extensive simulation)
Newman–Keuls_method
Statistical research award
Rousseeuw Prize was awarded on December 3, 2024 for work on The False Discovery Rate and Methods to Control It, with laureates Yoav Benjamini, Ruth Heller
Rousseeuw Prize for Statistics
Rousseeuw_Prize_for_Statistics
and computational methodologies, including Clipper, a p-value-free false discovery rate (FDR) control method; ITCA, a criterion for guiding the combination
Jingyi_Jessica_Li
Diagnostic plot of binary classifier ability
sensitivity as a function of false positive rate. Given that the probability distributions for both true positive and false positive are known, the ROC
Receiver operating characteristic
Receiver_operating_characteristic
Statistical method
knockoffs can be used for variable selection while controlling the false discovery rate (FDR). Consider a general regression model with response vector y
Knockoffs_(statistics)
Type of mutual fund or exchange-traded fund
histories is so small that the False Discovery Rate test can't eliminate the possibility that the few that did were merely false positives"—The New York Times
Index_fund
Statistical measure of association for two binary variables
positive rate, the true negative rate, the negative predictive value, the false discovery rate, the false negative rate, the false positive rate, and the
Phi_coefficient
Topics referred to by the same term
tank strategist Q, the proportion of discoveries that are false, whose expected value is the false discovery rate q-value (statistics), in the Storey procedure
Q_(disambiguation)
Philosophical problem-solving principle
criterion, Bayesian information criterion, Variational Bayesian methods, false discovery rate, and Laplace's method are used. Many artificial intelligence researchers
Occam's_razor
Bioinformatics method
one time. The enrichment scores for each set are normalized and a false discovery rate is calculated. This can be described as: P h i t ( S , i ) = ∑ g
Gene_set_enrichment_analysis
Misinterpretation of statistical significance
2016-02-22. Colquhoun D (November 2014). "An investigation of the false discovery rate and the misinterpretation of p-values". Royal Society Open Science
Misuse_of_p-values
Data analysis software for proteomics
peptide-spectra-matches (PSM) using the results of search engines by estimating a false discovery rate (FDR) on PSM level. The initial PeptideProphet used a fit of a Gaussian
Trans-Proteomic_Pipeline
Statistical method for multiple testing
error rate, it also provides an alternative to the widely-used Benjamini-Hochberg procedure (BH) for controlling the less-stringent false discovery rate. This
Harmonic_mean_p-value
British pharmacologist (born 1936)
in statistical inference. His 2014 paper, An investigation of the false discovery rate and the misinterpretation of p-values, contributed to the p-value
David_Colquhoun
Application of statistical techniques to biological systems
the false discovery rate (FDR). The FDR controls the expected proportion of the rejected null hypotheses (the so-called discoveries) that are false (incorrect
Biostatistics
Quantitative measurement of accuracy
values, to a classifier that represent its accuracy. An example is error rate, which measures how frequently the classifier makes a mistake. There are
Evaluation of binary classifiers
Evaluation_of_binary_classifiers
Statistical concept
central role, appeared. Wang, Ruodu; Ramdas, Aaditya (2022-07-01). "False Discovery Rate Control with E-values". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society
E-values
Misuse of data analysis
selective inference method is the use of Benjamini and Hochberg's false discovery rate controlling procedure: it is a less conservative approach that has
Data_dredging
Statistical method
evidence against the null hypothesis is generally overstated. The mean false discovery rate, α ( k + 1 ) / ( 2 k ) {\displaystyle \alpha (k+1)/(2k)} , α {\displaystyle
Fisher's_method
Protein identification software
addition to the calculated peptide scores, Mascot also estimates the False Discovery Rate (FDR) by searching against a decoy database. When performing a decoy
Mascot_(software)
Dividing things between two categories
complement the false discovery rate (FDR) (FP/(TP+FP)) negative predictive value (NPV) (TN/(TN+FN)) with complement the false omission rate (FOR) (FN/(TN+FN))
Binary_classification
Sum of the first n whole number reciprocals; 1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/n
prisoners problem Riemann zeta function List of sums of reciprocals False discovery rate#Benjamini–Yekutieli procedure Block-stacking problem Knuth, Donald
Harmonic_number
Likelihood ratios used for assessing the value of performing a diagnostic test
Related calculations False positive rate (α) = type I error = 1 − specificity = FP / (FP + TN) = 180 / (180 + 1820) = 9% False negative rate (β) = type II error
Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing
Likelihood_ratios_in_diagnostic_testing
Tarleton, RL; Orlando, R (2005). "A Heuristic Method for Assigning a False-discovery Rate for Protein Identifications from Mascot Database Search Results"
List of mass spectrometry software
List_of_mass_spectrometry_software
Type of RNA found in cells
disease status and clinical dementia rating (CDR) at death after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. The expression of circRNAs was independent of the
Circular_RNA
Term in data mining and association rule learning
population has an average response rate of 5%, but a certain model (or rule) has identified a segment with a response rate of 20%. Then that segment would
Lift_(data_mining)
Statistical measure of effect size
Heyse JF, Ferrer M (2010). "The use of SSMD-based false discovery and false non-discovery rates in genome-scale RNAi screens". Journal of Biomolecular
Strictly standardized mean difference
Strictly_standardized_mean_difference
Process in machine learning and statistics
motivated by false discovery rate (FDR), which use something close to 2 log p q {\displaystyle {\sqrt {2\log {\frac {p}{q}}}}} . A maximum entropy rate criterion
Feature_selection
Scientist at INRIA
Gabriele; Serpico, Sebastiano B.; Zerubia, Josiane (October 2016). "False Discovery Rate Approach to Unsupervised Image Change Detection" (PDF). IEEE Transactions
Josiane_Zerubia
Free software library
(cluster-based thresholding using GRF theory for inference), FDR (false discovery rate inference) and Glm (a GUI for creating model design matrices). FSLeyes
FMRIB_Software_Library
Hypothetical vacuum, less stable than true vacuum
In quantum field theory, a false vacuum is a hypothetical vacuum state that is locally stable but does not occupy the most stable possible ground state
False_vacuum
Swiss statistician (born 1967)
generalized error rates, such as the generalized family-wise error rate, the false discovery proportion and the false discovery rate. Michael Wolf served
Michael_Wolf_(statistician)
rate Fair coin Falconer's formula False confidence theorem False discovery rate False nearest neighbor algorithm False negative False positive False positive
List_of_statistics_articles
Peak finding software
control for multiple testing across the genome, MACS calculates a False discovery rate (FDR) for the identified peaks. This is often done by swapping the
MACS_(software)
Israeli statistician
Rousseeuw Prize for Statistics in 2024 "for the pioneering work on the false discovery rate and methods to control it". Siegfried, Tom (21 February 2025). "Reproducing
Ruth_Heller_(statistician)
Open-source SEM software package for R
Structural Equation Modeling in Lavaan : A Practical Workflow for False Discovery Rate Adjustment". Educational and Psychological Measurement. SAGE Publications
Lavaan
higher complexity (more attributes or columns) may lead to a higher false discovery rate. big O notation A mathematical notation that describes the limiting
Glossary_of_computer_science
Measurement of algorithmic bias
{\displaystyle PPV=P(actual=+\ |\ prediction=+)={\frac {TP}{TP+FP}}} False discovery rate (FDR): the fraction of positive predictions which were actually negative
Fairness_(machine_learning)
also incorporate additional multiple comparison corrections such as False Discovery Rate, parametric methods based on the theory of continuous random fields
CONN (functional connectivity toolbox)
CONN_(functional_connectivity_toolbox)
Observed inability to reproduce scientific studies
PMID 36690817. Colquhoun D (November 2014). "An investigation of the false discovery rate and the misinterpretation of p-values". Royal Society Open Science
Replication_crisis
Price predictability unexpected by theory
(2016) adapt multiple testing adjustments from statistics such as the False Discovery Rate to asset pricing "factors". They refer to a factor as any variable
Market_anomaly
Chinese and Canadian statistical geneticist
genetics, and human genetics, including important new developments in false discovery rate control and in robust methods for genetic association studies, and
Lei_Sun
American scientific organization
Wan, Xiang; Xu, Baohua (2018). "A new estimation of protein-level false discovery rate". BMC Genomics. 19 (Suppl 6): 567. doi:10.1186/s12864-018-4923-3
Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities
Association_of_Biomolecular_Resource_Facilities
file. Using multiple samples substantially improves the power and false discovery rate of detecting variants. In the simplest cases, the samples are combined
DNA_read_errors
British cardiologist
Giannakopoulou, Olga (September 2017). "Association analyses based on false discovery rate implicate new loci for coronary artery disease". Nature Genetics
Hugh_Christian_Watkins
Task of selecting a statistical model from a set of candidate models
criterion (DIC), another Bayesian oriented model selection criterion False discovery rate Focused information criterion (FIC), a selection criterion sorting
Model_selection
Proportion of variance that two traits share due to genetic causes
Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Using Pleiotropy-Informed Conditional False Discovery Rate". PLOS Genetics. 9 (4) e1003455. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003455
Genetic_correlation
Lab technique in cellular biology
Following regression, most tools employ either familywise error rate (FWER) or false discovery rate (FDR) p-value adjustments to account for multiple hypotheses
RNA-Seq
based on organism, tissue, localization and condition, and sorted by false discovery rate and expression. MOPED empowers users to visualize their own expression
Multi-Omics Profiling Expression Database
Multi-Omics_Profiling_Expression_Database
Indian-American neuroscientist and neuroradiologist (1978–2019)
Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Using Pleiotropy-Informed Conditional False Discovery Rate". PLOS Genetics. 9 (4) e1003455. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003455
Rahul_Desikan
Technique in molecular biology
binding site if there are multiple overlapping self-ligated PETs. The false discovery rate (FDR) is determined using statistical simulations to estimate the
ChIA-PET
curves plot the sensitivity of a biomarker on the y axis, against the false discovery rate (1- specificity) on the x axis. An image of different ROC curves
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Explorer and Tester
Receiver_Operating_Characteristic_Curve_Explorer_and_Tester
Statistical technique for meta-analyzing studies in brain activity
to be approximately equivalent to a corrected p-value = 0.05. A false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.05 has been found in this method to be too conservative
Seed-based_d_mapping
Multiple comparison procedure
Duncan's modified procedure and the Benjamini and Hochberg (1995) False discovery rate -controlling procedure, with the same weak family-wise error control
Duncan's new multiple range test
Duncan's_new_multiple_range_test
based on an experimental design that generates false discovery rates and local false discovery rates (FDR, LFDR) and integrates open-source search and
Systematic Protein Investigative Research Environment
Systematic_Protein_Investigative_Research_Environment
American neuroscientist
Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Using Pleiotropy-Informed Conditional False Discovery Rate". PLOS Genetics. 9 (4) e1003455. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003455
Anders_Dale
Chinese statistician
estimation, confidence intervals in small samples, and methods for false discovery rate control; for applications to chemical identification, medical imaging
T._Tony_Cai
Repeated DNA variation between individuals
model to detect copy number variations in microarray data with a low false discovery rate, an R package—software cn.MOPS: mixture of Poissons for discovering
Copy_number_variation
Detection of mRNA molecules
could perform a Bonferroni correction on the p-values, or use a false discovery rate calculation to adjust p-values in proportion to the number of parallel
Gene_expression_profiling
Andrews RJ, Roche J, Moss WN (2018). "ScanFold: an approach for genome-wide discovery of local RNA structural elements-applications to Zika virus and HIV".
List of RNA structure prediction software
List_of_RNA_structure_prediction_software
enough to reach a pre-set level. In this strategy, false-negative rates (FNRs) and/or false-positive rates (FPRs) must be controlled. There are two major
Hit_selection
File format for biological sequence alignments
tree. Other: ------ FR False discovery Rate: A method used to set the bit score threshold based on the ratio of expected false positives to true positives
Stockholm_format
identify significant differential transcription with a measured false discovery rate. DROP The detection of RNA Outliers Pipeline (DROP) is an integrative
List of RNA-Seq bioinformatics tools
List_of_RNA-Seq_bioinformatics_tools
American statistician
conservative point estimation and simultaneous conservative consistency of false discovery rates: a unified approach, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series
David_Siegmund
Data structure for approximate set membership
reads). When the false positive rate gets too high, the filter can be regenerated; this should be a relatively rare event. While risking false positives, Bloom
Bloom_filter
implicating m6A-CLIP and miCLIP has high spatial resolution and low false discovery rate. miCLIP has been used to detect m6Am by looking at crosslinking-induced
Epitranscriptomic_sequencing
variable denoted by S. This quantity is important in the estimation of false discovery rates (FDR), which quantify uncertainty in the test results. If the null
Binomial sum variance inequality
Binomial_sum_variance_inequality
Mass spectrometry software
CSI:FingerID structure identifications. The idea is similar to False Discovery Rates: All molecules in a large dataset are analysed using CSI:FingerID
SIRIUS_(software)
American criminology educator
John M. MacDonald. 2009. Doubly Robust Internal Bench- marking and False Discovery Rates for Detecting Racial Bias in Police Stops. Journal of the American
Jerry_Lee
United States legal doctrine
Inevitable discovery is a doctrine in United States criminal procedure that permits admission of evidence that was obtained through illegal means if it
Inevitable_discovery
a function of: TP (true positives), TN (true negatives), FP (false positives), FN (false negatives). The key concept of the P4 metric is to leverage the
P4-metric
Foygel Barber, American statistician who studies graphical models, false discovery rates, and regularization Mildred Barnard (1908–2000), Australian biometrician
List_of_women_in_statistics
Indian computational biologist
Dhirendra; Dash, Debasis (2013). "ProteoStats—a library for estimating false discovery rates in proteomics pipelines". Bioinformatics. 29 (21): 2799–2800. doi:10
Debasis_Dash
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FALSE DISCOVERY-RATE
FALSE DISCOVERY-RATE
FALSE DISCOVERY-RATE
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