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Insoluble protein aggregate with a fibrillar morphology
Amyloids are aggregates of proteins characterised by a fibrillar morphology of typically 7–13 nm in diameter, a β-sheet secondary structure (known as cross-β)
Amyloid
Group of peptides
Amyloid beta (Aβ, Abeta or beta-amyloid) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains
Amyloid_beta
Metabolic disease involving abnormal deposited amyloid proteins
Amyloidosis is a group of diseases in which abnormal proteins, known as amyloid fibrils, build up in tissue. There are several non-specific and vague signs
Amyloidosis
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
accumulation of malformed protein deposits in the cerebral cortex, called amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These misfolded protein aggregates
Alzheimer's_disease
disease due to the accumulation of abnormally folded amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in the brain. Amyloid beta is a short peptide that is an abnormal proteolytic
Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease
Biochemistry_of_Alzheimer's_disease
Disease of blood vessels of the brain
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a form of angiopathy in which specific proteins deposit in the walls of small to medium-sized blood vessels of the
Cerebral_amyloid_angiopathy
Extracellular deposits of the amyloid beta protein
Amyloid plaques (also known as neuritic plaques, amyloid beta plaques or senile plaques) are extracellular deposits of amyloid, consisting of amyloid
Amyloid_plaques
Topics referred to by the same term
up amyloid in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. An amyloid is any of certain insoluble fibrous protein aggregates. Amyloid may also refer to: Amyloid (mycology)
Amyloid_(disambiguation)
Mammalian protein found in humans
Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) is an integral membrane protein expressed in many tissues and concentrated in the synapses of neurons. It functions
Amyloid-beta precursor protein
Amyloid-beta_precursor_protein
Peptide hormone that plays a role in glycemic regulation
Amylin, or islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), is a 37-residue peptide hormone. It is co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells in the ratio
Amylin
Family of proteins
Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins are a family of apolipoproteins associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. Different isoforms of SAA are
Serum_amyloid_A
Adjective describing a positive test result for starches
In mycology a tissue or feature is said to be amyloid if it has a positive amyloid reaction when subjected to a crude chemical test using iodine as an
Amyloid_(mycology)
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
can form a fibril, leading to abnormal protein aggregates called amyloids. These amyloids accumulate in infected tissue, causing damage and cell death. The
Prion
Medical condition
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy, also called hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR), or Corino de Andrade's disease, is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy
Familial_amyloid_polyneuropathy
Medical condition
Amyloid purpura is a condition marked by bleeding under the skin (purpura) in some individuals with amyloidosis. Its cause is unknown, but coagulation
Amyloid_purpura
French neuroscientist (born 1974)
is the primary author of a controversial 2006 Nature paper, "A specific amyloid-β protein assembly in the brain impairs memory". Lesné's work in the 2006
Sylvain_Lesné
Medical condition
Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, also known as primary amyloidosis, is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. The disease is caused when a
AL_amyloidosis
Diseases caused by abnormal protein structure
cellulose, "amyloid" actually is rich in protein. Subsequent research has shown that many different proteins can form amyloid, and that all amyloids show birefringence
Proteinopathy
Disease
Wild-type transthyretin amyloid (WTTA), also known as senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA), is a disease that typically affects the heart and tendons of
Wild-type transthyretin amyloid
Wild-type_transthyretin_amyloid
Medical condition
Amyloid cardiomyopathy (stiff heart syndrome) is a condition resulting in the death of part of the myocardium (heart muscle). It is associated with the
Amyloid_cardiomyopathy
Drug class
Anti-amyloid antibodies (AAA) are a class of monoclonal antibodies developed to treat Alzheimer's disease. Anti-amyloid antibodies are shown to have no
Anti-amyloid_antibodies
Disease of the human heart muscle
Familial amyloid cardiomyopathy (FAC), or transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, also called ATTR-CM is a heart muscle disease. A misshapen protein, transthyretin
Familial amyloid cardiomyopathy
Familial_amyloid_cardiomyopathy
hypothesis or the amyloid beta ion channel hypothesis, is a more recent variant of the amyloid hypothesis of AD, which identifies amyloid beta (Aβ) as the
Ion channel hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease
Ion_channel_hypothesis_of_Alzheimer's_disease
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAA1 gene. SAA1 is a major acute-phase protein mainly produced by hepatocytes in
Serum_amyloid_A1
Alzheimer's disease developed before the age of 65
protein has been identified as part of the enzymatic complex that cleaves amyloid-beta peptide from APP. The gene contains 14 exons, and the coding portion
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease
Early-onset_Alzheimer's_disease
research. AD is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the presence of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, that causes memory loss and cognitive
Alzheimer's disease in the Hispanic/Latino population
Alzheimer's_disease_in_the_Hispanic/Latino_population
Monoclonal antibody against amyloid beta
medication used for the treatment of mild Alzheimer's disease. Lecanemab is an amyloid beta-directed antibody. It is given via intravenous infusion or subcutaneous
Lecanemab
Medical condition
there is depositing of the protein amyloid in the heart muscle and sometimes other organs or structures. Amyloid, a misfolded and insoluble protein,
Cardiac_amyloidosis
Medical condition
Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) are abnormal differences seen in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities
Amyloid-related_imaging_abnormalities
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
The serum amyloid P component (SAP) is the identical serum form of the amyloid P component (AP), a 25 kDa pentameric protein first identified as the pentagonal
Serum_amyloid_P_component
Chemical compound
aggregation. In particular, these dyes have been used since 1959 to investigate amyloid formation. They are also used in biophysical studies of the electrophysiology
Thioflavin
Protein found in humans
characteristic of amyloid fibrils. The human alpha-synuclein protein consists of 140 amino acids. A fragment of alpha-synuclein, known as the non-amyloid beta component
Alpha-synuclein
Academic journal
Amyloid: the Journal of Protein Folding Disorders is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original research and review articles on all aspects
Amyloid_(journal)
Form of positron emission tomography
brought amyloid PET imaging to the doorstep of clinical use. Amyloid imaging uses a PET scan together with a radioactive tracer that binds to amyloid plaques
Brain positron emission tomography
Brain_positron_emission_tomography
Medical condition
systemic form of amyloidosis (i.e. amyloid deposited in multiple organs), as opposed to a localized form (amyloid deposits limited to a single organ)
LECT2_amyloidosis
Blood clot
ischaemia-reperfusion injury and to the generation of autoantibodies. Because of their amyloid nature they are somewhat resistant to thrombolytic agents, which, along
Thrombus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Amyloid precursor like protein 1, also known as APLP1, is a protein encoded by the APLP1 gene in humans. APLP1 along with APLP2 are important modulators
APLP1
Monoclonal antibody
treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It is based on gantenerumab, an anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody, and uses a brainshuttle domain to enhance its permeability
Trontinemab
Central nervous system disease
presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Plaques are made up of small peptides, typically 39–43 amino acids in length, called amyloid beta (also
Neurodegenerative_disease
Medical condition
tissues and organs. In AA amyloidosis, the deposited protein is serum amyloid A protein (SAA), an acute-phase protein which is normally soluble and whose
AA_amyloidosis
Medical condition
The familial amyloid neuropathies (or familial amyloidotic neuropathies, neuropathic heredofamilial amyloidosis, familial amyloid polyneuropathy) are a
Familial_amyloid_neuropathy
Chemical compound
which can be used in positron emission tomography scans to image beta-amyloid plaques in neuronal tissue. Due to this property, Pittsburgh compound B
Pittsburgh_compound_B
Monoclonal antibody against amyloid beta
treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The most common side effects include amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, which are brain hemorrhages and brain swelling
Donanemab
human Alzheimer's disease and its associated pathology: extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Current
Experimental models of Alzheimer's disease
Experimental_models_of_Alzheimer's_disease
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
important role in generation of amyloid beta (Aβ) from amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP). Accumulation of amyloid beta is associated with the onset
Presenilin-1
Medical condition
The shoulder pad sign is an enlargement of the anterior shoulder due to amyloid deposition in periarticular soft tissue. This type of infiltration is not
Shoulder_pad_sign
Medication for transthyretin amyloidosis
can be used to treat both hereditary forms, familial amyloid cardiomyopathy and familial amyloid polyneuropathy, as well as wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis
Tafamidis
Enzyme found in humans
proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), a key step in the production of amyloid beta peptide. Cerebral deposition of amyloid beta peptide is
Beta-secretase_2
Type of enzyme
the cell membrane. Among other roles in the cell, secretases act on the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) to cleave the protein into three fragments
Amyloid-beta precursor protein secretase
Amyloid-beta_precursor_protein_secretase
Serum protein related to amyloid diseases
associated with amyloid diseases including wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis, familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), and familial amyloid cardiomyopathy
Transthyretin
peptide also known as amyloid β- peptide (Aβ)17–40/42 is the peptide resulting from the α- and γ-secretase cleavage from the amyloid precursor protein (APP)
P3_peptide
PhasAGE toolbox Amyloid Protein aggregation Paz, Manuela López de la; Serrano, Luis (2004-01-06). "Sequence determinants of amyloid fibril formation"
Protein aggregation predictors
Protein_aggregation_predictors
Bleeding within parenchymal tissue of the brain
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy may cause intraparenchymal hemorrhage even in patients without elevated blood pressure. Unlike hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Intraparenchymal_hemorrhage
Chemical compound
Morin was also found to inhibit amyloid formation by islet amyloid polypeptide (or amylin) and disaggregate amyloid fibers. Morin can be used to test
Morin_(flavonol)
Diagnostic radiotracer
radiotracer developed for routine clinical application to visualize β-amyloid plaques in the brain. It is a fluorine-18 (18F)-labeled 4-methylamino-trans-stilbene
Florbetaben_(18F)
Diagnostic criteria for cerebral amyloid angiopathy
criteria version 2.0 is a set of guidelines designed to diagnose cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a disease that affects small blood vessels in the brain
Boston_criteria
Medical condition
factor (ANP) into the atrial wall. In most forms of cardiac amyloidosis, amyloid accumulates in all cardiac structures, with the atria manifesting early
Isolated_atrial_amyloidosis
Medical researcher
medical research scientist who theorized that the over-accumulation of beta-amyloid, which had formed to protect the brain against microbes, aided the development
Robert_Moir
Type of intracranial bleeding that occurs within the brain tissue itself
blood vessels in the brain, such as cerebral arteriolosclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral arteriovenous malformation, brain trauma, brain tumors
Intracerebral_hemorrhage
American medical researcher
disease research in the United States. He is best known for identifying beta-amyloid, a protein fragment that accumulates in the brains of people with Alzheimer's
George_G._Glenner
Objects too small to be seen unaided
cerebral amyloid angiopathy with senile plaques in the cerebral cortex consistent of amyloid beta, as may be seen in Alzheimer disease. Amyloid beta immunostain
Microscopic_scale
Proteinaceous extracellular fiber produced by enteric bacteria
The Curli protein is a type of amyloid fiber produced by certain strains of enterobacteria. They are extracellular fibers located on bacteria such as
Curli
Investigational gamma-secretase modulator
second-generation gamma-secretase modulator designed to selectively alter amyloid beta peptide production while avoiding the toxicity issues associated with
Nivegacetor
Medical condition
on chromosome 13. FDD is one of the two types of hereditary, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, alongside familial British dementia. Vision problems are one
Familial_Danish_dementia
Medical condition
Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy (HCCAA) is a rare, fatal type of hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy found almost exclusively in Iceland.
Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy
Hereditary_cystatin_C_amyloid_angiopathy
Chemical compound
properties of the naturally occurring T119M mutation, to treat transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. It is taken by mouth. The most common adverse reactions
Acoramidis
Enzyme found in humans
observed is the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. One hypothesized mechanism of disease, called the amyloid hypothesis, suggests that
Insulin-degrading_enzyme
Protein involved in multiple prion diseases
alpha helical and disordered domains, PrPSc has no alpha helix and an amyloid fibril core composed of a stack of PrP molecules bound together by parallel
Major_prion_protein
Neurochemical indicators
that the amyloid beta biomarker shows 80% or above sensitivity and specificity, in distinguishing AD from dementia. It is believed that amyloid beta as
Biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease
Biomarkers_of_Alzheimer's_disease
Medical condition
called hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis and AGel amyloidosis (AGel), is an amyloid condition with a number of associated cutaneous and neurological presentations
Familial Amyloidosis, Finnish Type
Familial_Amyloidosis,_Finnish_Type
Prion that infects fungal hosts
mechanisms that enable prion domains to switch between functional and amyloid-forming states. Prions are formed by portable, transmissible prion domains
Fungal_prion
British Alzheimer's advocate and campaigner (1954–2024)
led to the discovery of the London Mutation. This mutation, found on the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) gene located on chromosome 21, marked a significant
Carol_Jennings
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APBA3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene
APBA3
Genetic cause of early-onset Alzheimer's disease
mutation occurs in the gene which encodes amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is proteolysed into beta amyloid. It results in two neighboring amino-acid
Swedish_mutation
Species of fungus
Pseudotricholoma umbrosum, commonly known as the amyloid tricholoma, is a species of fungus in the family Tricholomataceae, and the type species of the
Pseudotricholoma_umbrosum
Medical condition
type 2 (MEN2; also known as Pheochromocytoma (codons 630 and 634) and amyloid producing medullary thyroid carcinoma, PTC syndrome, or Sipple syndrome)
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
Multiple_endocrine_neoplasia_type_2
Chemical compound
ones of Good's buffers. Research on mice with Alzheimer's disease-like amyloid beta plaques has shown that HEPPS can cause the plaques to break up, reversing
HEPPS_(buffer)
Secondary protein structure
the conformational change in the formation of amyloid fibrils by peptides and proteins such as amyloid beta, poly-glutamine repeats, lysozyme, prion proteins
Alpha_sheet
Antibody tested against Alzheimer's
a fully humanized monoclonal antibody against human 1-40 and 1-42 beta amyloid, which is being investigated as a treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Crenezumab
Crenezumab
Medical condition
Biber in 1890. Lattice dystrophy gets its name from an accumulation of amyloid deposits, or abnormal protein fibers, throughout the middle and anterior
Lattice_corneal_dystrophy
Cholesterol-transporting protein most notably implicated in Alzheimer's disease
not carrying any E4 alleles. This may be caused by an interaction with amyloid. There is a sex specific effect, as presence of APOE4 increases AD risk
Apolipoprotein_E
Disease of the blood vessels
of cerebrovascular illness known as Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) is typified by the buildup of amyloid beta-peptide in the leptomeninges and small
Angiopathy
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Amyloid precursor like protein 2, also known as APLP2, is a protein encoded by the APLP2 gene in humans. APLP2 along with APLP1 are important modulators
APLP2
Enzyme
Beta-secretase 1, also known as beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1, beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), membrane-associated aspartic
Beta-secretase_1
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
substance P, neurotensin, oxytocin, and bradykinin. It also degrades the amyloid beta peptide whose abnormal folding and aggregation in neural tissue has
Neprilysin
Chemical compound
disease. Florbetapir, like Pittsburgh compound B (PiB), binds to beta-amyloid, however fluorine-18 has a half-life of 109.75 minutes, in contrast to
Florbetapir_(18F)
American physician (born 1943)
the role of amyloid-β peptides in Alzheimer's etiology and pathogenesis and contributed significantly to the development of the amyloid cascade hypothesis
Dennis_J._Selkoe
Medical condition
"Ostertag" type, after B. Ostertag, who characterized it in 1932 and 1950. "Amyloid". Gillmore JD, Lachmann HJ, Rowczenio D, Gilbertson JA, Zeng CH, Liu ZH
Familial_renal_amyloidosis
American physicist and professor of radiology
compound-B (PIB), one of the most widely used PET ligands for imaging amyloid beta plaques. As a principal investigator at MGH, Price continues work
Julie_C._Price
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
adhesion protein to connect smooth muscle to elastic fibers in arteries. An amyloid fragment of MFGE8 known as medin accumulates in the aorta with aging. MFGE8
MFGE8
Chemical compound
Thiethylperazine activates the transport protein ABCC1 that clears beta-amyloid from brains of mice. Thiethylperazine is highly lipofilic and it binds
Thiethylperazine
Chemical compound
acetylcholinesterase inhibiting activity, phenserine was reported to reduce amyloid - the hallmark neurotoxic protein in Alzheimer's brains. Additional work
Buntanetap
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Serum amyloid A protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAA2 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000134339 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:
SAA2
Protein family
commonly bind calcium ions. A subtype present in the N-terminal region of the amyloid precursor protein is a member of the heparin-binding class of GFLDs and
Growth_factor-like_domain
American academic
entitled "A specific amyloid-β protein assembly in the brain impairs memory". The paper describes the Aβ*56 oligomer (known as amyloid beta star 56 and Aβ*56)
Karen_Ashe
Bleeding within the skull
pons, and posterior fossa. Other spontaneous causes include cerebral amyloid angiopathy, especially among the elderly, as well as bleeding disorders
Intracranial_hemorrhage
Monoclonal antibody against amyloid beta
is an anti-amyloid drug designed to treat Alzheimer's disease. It is a monoclonal antibody that targets aggregated forms (plaque) of amyloid beta (Aβ)
Aducanumab
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APBA2 gene. This protein has phosphotyrosine-binding
APBA2
found to bind to and neutralize anywhere from 70 to 90 percent of the amyloid-beta peptide that also naturally circulates in healthy human or mouse plasma
Soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein
Soluble_low-density_lipoprotein_receptor-related_protein
American geneticist (born 1958)
discovery and isolation of the gene that encodes amyloid precursor protein, the precursor to beta-amyloid which is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's
Rudolph_E._Tanzi
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