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Measure of a two-dimensional surface
The surface area (symbol A) of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies. The mathematical definition of surface
Surface_area
international boundaries and coastlines, excluding water area. Inland water area: the sum of the surface areas of all inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, and
List of countries and dependencies by area
List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area
Surface area per unit volume
The surface-area-to-volume ratio or surface-to-volume ratio (denoted as SA:V, SA/V, or sa/vol) is the ratio between surface area and volume of an object
Surface-area-to-volume_ratio
Third planet from the Sun
being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its ocean, which covers
Earth
Drug calculating formula
In physiology and medicine, the body surface area (BSA) is the measured or calculated surface area of a human body. For many clinical purposes, BSA is
Body_surface_area
Total surface of a finely divided solid per unit of mass
Specific surface area (SSA) is a property of solids defined as the total surface area (SA) of a material per unit mass, (with units of m2/kg or m2/g).
Specific_surface_area
Surface area of a biomolecule accessible to a solvent
The accessible surface area (ASA) or solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) is the surface area of a biomolecule that is accessible to a solvent. Measurement
Accessible_surface_area
Chemical property measurement
The polar surface area (PSA) or topological polar surface area (TPSA) of a molecule is defined as the surface sum over all polar atoms or molecules, primarily
Polar_surface_area
Catalyst surface active in redox reactions
electrochemical surface area (ECSA) is the portion of a catalyst's surface that actively partakes in redox reactions.The surface area of a catalyst exposed
Electrochemical_surface_area
largest municipalities and urban areas in the world by area. This table shows all cities or municipalities with a total area of at least 50,000 square kilometres
List of largest cities by area
List_of_largest_cities_by_area
Set of points equidistant from a center
because the surface tension locally minimizes surface area. The surface area relative to the mass of a ball is called the specific surface area and can be
Sphere
Measure of skin area affected by an ailment
Total body surface area (TBSA) is an assessment of injury to or disease of the skin, such as burns or psoriasis. In adults, the Wallace rule of nines can
Total_body_surface_area
Tendency of a liquid surface to shrink to reduce surface area
Surface tension is the energy per unit area due to having a surface in a liquid. It has the dimension of force per unit length, or energy per unit area
Surface_tension
Three-dimensional solid
in the figure. The cylindrical surface without the ends is called an open cylinder. The formulae for the surface area and the volume of a right circular
Cylinder
Size of a two-dimensional surface
Area is the measure of a region's size on a surface. The area of a plane region or plane area refers to the area of a shape or planar lamina, while surface
Area
that have surface areas of more than approximately 3,000 square kilometres (1,200 mi2), ranked by area, excluding reservoirs and lagoons. The area of some
List_of_lakes_by_area
Surface created by rotating a curve about an axis
A surface of revolution is a surface in Euclidean space created by rotating a curve (the generatrix) one full revolution around an axis of rotation (normally
Surface_of_revolution
Area of all the sides of the object, excluding the area of its base and top
faces or curved surface. The lateral surface area (LSA) is the area of the lateral surface. This is distinguished from the total surface area (TSA), which
Lateral_surface
Type of mining in which the soil/rock above mineral deposits is removed
Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying
Surface_mining
Surface that locally minimizes its area
below). The term "minimal surface" is used because these surfaces originally arose as surfaces that minimized total surface area subject to some constraint
Minimal_surface
Below are the reservoirs (artificial lakes) in the world with a surface area exceeding 500 km2 (190 mi2). Reservoirs can be formed conventionally, by damming
List of reservoirs by surface area
List_of_reservoirs_by_surface_area
Outer layer of the cerebrum of the mammalian brain
have small brains, the cerebral cortex is folded, providing a greater surface area in the confined volume of the cranium. Apart from minimising brain and
Cerebral_cortex
Section of a sphere
called a hemisphere. The volume of the spherical cap and the area of the curved surface may be calculated using combinations of The radius r {\displaystyle
Spherical_cap
Theory for physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface
molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an important analysis technique for the measurement of the specific surface area of materials. The
BET_theory
Relative accessible surface area or relative solvent accessibility (RSA) of a protein residue is a measure of residue solvent exposure. It can be calculated
Relative accessible surface area
Relative_accessible_surface_area
Geometric shape
the height. This can be proved by the Pythagorean theorem. The lateral surface area of a right circular cone is L S A = π r ℓ {\displaystyle LSA=\pi r\ell
Cone
Measure of surface finish or texture
Surface roughness or simply roughness is the quality of a surface of not being smooth and it is hence linked to human (haptic) perception of the surface
Surface_roughness
following is a list of the 100 largest lakes of the United States by normal surface area. The top twenty lakes in size are as listed by the National Atlas of
List of largest lakes of the United States by area
List_of_largest_lakes_of_the_United_States_by_area
Solid with six equal square faces
determined by using the Pythagorean theorem. The surface area of a cube A {\displaystyle A} is six times the area of a square: A = 6 a 2 . {\displaystyle A=6a^{2}
Cube
municipalities as of 2025. This list ranks the 100 largest municipalities by surface area. This list ranks the 100 most densely populated municipalities as of
Ranked lists of Spanish municipalities
Ranked_lists_of_Spanish_municipalities
France in terms of the surface area of their municipalities. Source: Institut géographique national Paris has a surface area of 105.40 km². Geography
List of French communes by surface area
List_of_French_communes_by_surface_area
Excess energy at the surface of a material relative to its interior
area of a particular surface. Another way to view the surface energy is to relate it to the work required to cut a bulk sample, creating two surfaces
Surface_energy
Form of carbon with an extremely high surface area
(activated) to have small, low-volume pores that greatly increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. (Adsorption, not to be
Activated_carbon
Solid with 2 parallel n-gonal bases connected by n parallelograms
{n}{4}}hs^{2}\cot {\frac {\pi }{n}}.} The surface area of a right prism is: 2 B + P h , {\displaystyle 2B+Ph,} where B is the area of the base, h the height, and
Prism_(geometry)
Integration over a non-flat region in 3D space
particularly multivariable calculus, a surface integral is a generalization of multiple integrals to integration over surfaces. It can be thought of as the double
Surface_integral
Thermal electromagnetic radiation
B_{\nu }(T)\cos \theta } is the radiance density per unit area of emitting surface as the surface area involved in generating the radiance is increased by a
Black-body_radiation
Largest of the Great Lakes of North America
Wisconsin to the south. It is the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area and the third-largest freshwater lake by volume. It drains into Lake
Lake_Superior
Concept in geometry
measure the area of the spherical disk enclosed within a spherical circle, using the intrinsic surface area measure on the sphere. The area of the disk
Area_of_a_circle
Porous material with a high specific surface area supporting a catalyst
surface area, to which a catalyst is affixed. The activity of heterogeneous catalysts is mainly promoted by atoms present at the accessible surface of
Catalyst_support
Fixed-wing aircraft with a main central wing plus fore and aft surfaces
(STOL) performance. It is also claimed to allow minimizing the total wing surface area, reducing the accompanying skin drag. In combat aircraft this configuration
Three-surface_aircraft
Comparison of a wide range of areas
Macbeth, Fergus; Bagust, Adrian; Clark, Peter (2010). "The Average Body Surface Area of Adult Cancer Patients in the UK: A Multicentre Retrospective Study"
Orders_of_magnitude_(area)
Estimate of total body surface area of burns
the total body surface area (BSA) affected by a burn. In addition to determining burn severity, the measurement of burn surface area is important for
Wallace_rule_of_nines
Primary organ of the respiratory system
make up the walls and alveolar septa. Type I cells provide 95% of the surface area of each alveoli and are flat ("squamous"), and Type II cells generally
Lung
Surface specified with parameters
parametric form. The curvature and arc length of curves on the surface, surface area, differential geometric invariants such as the first and second
Parametric_surface
Relation of habitat temperature and limb length
adapted to warm climates. More specifically, it states that the body surface-area-to-volume ratio for homeothermic animals varies with the average temperature
Allen's_rule
Biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from its outside environment
cells' plasma membranes. The ratio of the surface area of water covered by the extracted lipid to the surface area calculated for the red blood cells from
Cell_membrane
Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance
hydrodynamic drag. The drag coefficient is always associated with a particular surface area. The drag coefficient of any object comprises the effects of the two
Drag_coefficient
Organ in the gastrointestinal tract
scans, a diameter of over 2.5 cm is considered abnormally dilated. The surface area of the human small intestinal mucosa, due to enlargement caused by folds
Small_intestine
High-capacity electrochemical capacitor
is an extremely porous "spongy" form of carbon with a high specific surface area. In 1957 H. Becker developed a "Low voltage electrolytic capacitor with
Supercapacitor
{\displaystyle D_{n\mathrm {d} }} , C s {\displaystyle C_{s}} ), order, surface area, and volume; an overview of these follows first, before presenting the
List_of_Johnson_solids
Area ranking of African countries
Yearbook – Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density (PDF) (Report). United Nations Statistics Division. 2021
List of African countries by area
List_of_African_countries_by_area
Static pressure exerted by the weight of the Earth's atmosphere
= F/A = (m*g)/A, where A is the surface area. Atmospheric pressure is thus proportional to the weight per unit area of the atmospheric mass above that
Atmospheric_pressure
Three-dimensional curved geometric object
angle of 4π/3. The surface area of an oloid is given by A = 4 π r 2 , {\displaystyle A=4\pi r^{2},} exactly the same as the surface area of a sphere with
Oloid
Concept in 3-dimensional geometry
an area vector is a vector combining an area quantity with a direction, thus representing an oriented area in three dimensions. Every bounded surface in
Vector_area
Fourth planet from the Sun
twice the Moon's, and its surface area is the size of all the dry land of Earth. Fine dust is prevalent across the surface and the atmosphere, being picked
Mars
Geographical ranking of Asian countries
by area in Asia. Source unless otherwise specified: Demographic Yearbook – Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and
List of Asian countries by area
List_of_Asian_countries_by_area
Quadric surface that looks like a deformed sphere
quadric surface; that is, a surface that may be defined as the zero set of a polynomial of degree two in three variables. Among quadric surfaces, an ellipsoid
Ellipsoid
Yearbook – Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density (PDF) (Report). United Nations Statistics Division. 2021
List of European countries by area
List_of_European_countries_by_area
Group of lakes in North America
total area and the second-largest by total volume. They contain more than 20% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is 94,250
Great_Lakes
Molecular interface between a surface and a fluid
"diffuse layer". Interfacial DLs are most apparent in systems with a large surface-area-to-volume ratio, such as a colloid or porous bodies with particles or
Double layer (surface science)
Double_layer_(surface_science)
Electric charge per unit length, area or volume
electromagnetism, charge density is the amount of electric charge per unit length, surface area, or volume. Volume charge density (symbolized by the Greek letter ρ)
Charge_density
Rapid combustion of fine particles suspended in the air
very small particles with a high surface area to volume ratio, thereby making the collective or combined surface area of all the particles very large in
Dust_explosion
Mathematical treatise by Archimedes
engraved upon his tombstone. To find the surface area of the sphere, Archimedes argued that just as the area of the circle could be thought of as infinitely
The Method of Mechanical Theorems
The_Method_of_Mechanical_Theorems
World's largest artificial reservoir by surface area, located in Ghana
(French: Lac Volta), the largest artificial reservoir in the world based on surface area, is contained behind the Akosombo Dam which generates a substantial amount
Lake_Volta
Dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies
the needles: total surface area, half of the total needle surface area, and projected area. The definition “half the total leaf area” pertains to biological
Leaf_area_index
Chemical compound
has a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, albeit lower than that of activated carbon. It is dissimilar to soot in its much higher surface-area-to-volume
Carbon_black
Process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction
recycled quickly, a very small amount of catalyst often suffices; mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate. Catalysts generally
Catalysis
Portion of a solid that lies between two parallel planes cutting the solid
the lateral surface area is π ( r 1 + r 2 ) s , {\displaystyle \displaystyle \pi \left(r_{1}+r_{2}\right)s,} and the total surface area is π ( ( r 1
Frustum
Theory of nucleation
surface area of a nucleus. For homogeneous nucleation the surface area is simply that of a sphere. For heterogeneous nucleation, however, the surface
Classical_nucleation_theory
Body of salt water covering most of Earth
It can be as high as 8.4 in surface waters in areas of high biological productivity. The definition of global mean surface pH refers to the top layer of
Ocean
Geometric figure which has infinite surface area but finite volume
Torricelli's trumpet) is a type of geometric figure that has infinite surface area but finite volume. The name refers to the Christian idea that the archangel
Gabriel's_horn
SI derived unit of solid angle
solid angle expressed in steradians is defined as the quotient of the surface area of the spherical cap and the square of the sphere's radius. This is analogous
Steradian
Lake in the town of Webster, Massachusetts, United States
Massachusetts. It is located near the state’s border with Connecticut and has a surface area of 1,442 acres (2.253 mi2). Since 1921, the lake has also been known
Lake_Chaubunagungamaug
Astronomical term for luminosity per area
In astronomy, surface brightness (SB) quantifies the apparent brightness or flux density per unit angular area of a spatially extended object such as a
Surface_brightness
Measure in 3-dimensional geometry
from the apex would cover a number of steradians equal to the total surface area of the unit sphere, 4 π {\displaystyle 4\pi } . Solid angles can also
Solid_angle
This is a list of Kenyan counties by surface area and population density. "Counties Size". 2024.
List of counties of Kenya by area
List_of_counties_of_Kenya_by_area
Flat-sided three-dimensional shape
topological classification by Euler characteristic, duality, vertex figures, surface area, volume, interior lines, Dehn invariant, and symmetry. A symmetry of
Polyhedron
Closed surface in three-dimensional space
in the Gaussian surface. There are three surfaces a, b and c as shown in the figure. The differential vector area is dA, on each surface a, b and c. The
Gaussian_surface
Solid-rocket propellant
the surface of the propellant burns, the shape evolves (a subject of study in internal ballistics), most often changing the propellant surface area exposed
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant
Ammonium_perchlorate_composite_propellant
Geometric figure
a mylar balloon is a surface of revolution. While a sphere is the surface that encloses a maximal volume for a given surface area, the mylar balloon instead
Mylar_balloon_(geometry)
Mathematics of smooth surfaces
of surfaces deals with the differential geometry of smooth surfaces with various additional structures, most often, a Riemannian metric. Surfaces have
Differential geometry of surfaces
Differential_geometry_of_surfaces
Molecule interaction model
VSA, and WSA.[citation needed] A van der Waals surface area is an abstract conception of the surface area of atoms or molecules from a mathematical estimation
Van_der_Waals_surface
Species of flightless bird
heat and water loss. Surface temperature can be affected by the rate of blood flow to a certain area and also by the surface area of the surrounding tissue
Common_ostrich
Florida lagoon
approximately 35 miles (56 km) long and up to 8 miles (13 km) wide, with a surface area of 221 square miles (570 km2). Various definitions may include Dumfoundling
Biscayne_Bay
Yearbook – Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density (PDF) (Report). United Nations Statistics Division. 2021
List of South American countries by area
List_of_South_American_countries_by_area
Relation between surface area and volume as size increases
fields, which describes the relationship between the volume and the surface area as a shape's size increases or decreases. It was first described in 1638
Square–cube_law
Study of geometric properties of sets through measure theory
\mathbb {R} ^{3}} there exists a surface of least area among all surfaces whose boundary equals the given curve. Such surfaces mimic soap films. The problem
Geometric_measure_theory
Topics referred to by the same term
Spontaneous abortion Sustained action, a longer-acting form of a medication Surface area Sense of agency .sa, the country code top level domain (ccTLD) for Saudi
SA
Hardness test
hardness number is determined by the load over the surface area of the indentation and not the area normal to the force, and is therefore not pressure
Vickers_hardness_test
One of the Great Lakes of North America
and depth (923 ft; 281 m) after Lake Superior and the third-largest by surface area (22,300 square miles; 57,757 km2), after Lake Superior and Lake Huron
Lake_Michigan
New Zealand's largest lake
a surface area of 616 km2 (238 sq mi), it is the largest lake by surface area in New Zealand, and the second largest freshwater lake by surface area in
Lake_Taupō
formula relating the surface area and volume of compact subsets of Euclidean space. More precisely, it defines the surface area as the "derivative" of
Minkowski–Steiner_formula
Force distributed over an area
(symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also
Pressure
Finger-like projection of the small intestine
the internal surface area of the intestinal walls making available a greater surface area for absorption. An increased absorptive area is useful because
Intestinal_villus
Process by which gases diffuse through a biological membrane
larger organisms, which have small surface-area to volume ratios, specialised structures with convoluted surfaces such as gills, pulmonary alveoli and
Gas_exchange
Reservoir in Missouri, United States
Niangua River, Grandglaize Creek, and Gravois Creek. The lake has a surface area of 54,000 acres (220 km2) and 1,150 miles (1,850 km) of shoreline. The
Lake_of_the_Ozarks
Operation in mathematical calculus
century BC and used to calculate the area of a circle, the surface area and volume of a sphere, area of an ellipse, the area under a parabola, the volume of
Integral
Surface of a fluid that is subject to zero parallel shear stress
free surface will assume the shape with the least surface area for its volume: a perfect sphere. Such behaviour can be expressed in terms of surface tension
Free_surface
Gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction with its environment
a wide area, more or less uniformly corroding the surface. Because corrosion is a diffusion-controlled process, it occurs on exposed surfaces. As a result
Corrosion
Species of moth
lepidopterans, with a wingspan often measuring from 250mm to 300mm. and a wing surface area of about 160 cm2 (25 in2). It is only surpassed in wingspan by the white
Attacus_atlas
SURFACE AREA
SURFACE AREA
Boy/Male
Irish American Welsh Scandinavian Scottish English
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish Gaelic
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish American English
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish American Biblical Hebrew
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Surface of the Earth
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Surname or Lastname
Probably an Americanized spelling of the Swiss German surname Bunz (see Bunce).English
Probably an Americanized spelling of the Swiss German surname Bunz (see Bunce).English : possibly a variant of Bunt.
Boy/Male
Indian
Part of Sun
Boy/Male
Scottish American English
Surname.
Surname or Lastname
English (Cumbria and Durham)
English (Cumbria and Durham) : variant spelling of Furness.
Boy/Male
Irish American Welsh
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish Gaelic
Surname.
SURFACE AREA
SURFACE AREA
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Coral
Boy/Male
Celtic Latin Irish
Blind.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Friendly
Boy/Male
French
Brave.
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Latin, Portuguese, Swedish
Magic Majestic; Dignity; Venerable; Worthy of Respect; Great; Magnificent; From Augustus
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Ones Desire
Boy/Male
Tamil
Yashshavi
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Telugu
Servant of Musical Tunes
Boy/Male
Tamil
Kundanlal | கà¯à®‚தநலாலÂ
Golden
Boy/Male
Australian, German, Irish, Teutonic
Protecting Hands; Decision Protector
SURFACE AREA
SURFACE AREA
SURFACE AREA
SURFACE AREA
SURFACE AREA
n.
An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron furnace; a hot-air furnace; a glass furnace; a boiler furnace, etc.
n.
Hence, outward or external appearance.
v. t.
To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
n.
A form of machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal, stone, etc.
a.
meeting a curve or surface at a point and having at that point the same direction as the curve or surface; -- said of a straight line, curve, or surface; as, a line tangent to a curve; a curve tangent to a surface; tangent surfaces.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Surface
n.
Surface; superficies; externality.
n.
To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace.
v. t.
To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
n.
Surface; body; substance.
n.
An instrument for gauging or testing a plane surface. See Surface gauge, under Surface.
n.
That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
a.
Having the surface smooth and polished; -- said of leaves, the surfaces of shells, etc.
v. t.
To name or call by an appellation added to the original name; to give a surname to.
imp. & p. p.
of Surface
n.
A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
n.
The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
n.
An extent of surface; a tract of the earth's surface; a region; as, vast uncultivated areas.