AI & ChatGPT searches , social queriess for SURFACE MINING
Search references for SURFACE MINING. Phrases containing SURFACE MINING
See searches and references containing SURFACE MINING!
Search references for SURFACE MINING. Phrases containing SURFACE MINING
See searches and references containing SURFACE MINING!SURFACE MINING
Type of mining in which the soil/rock above mineral deposits is removed
Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying
Surface_mining
Extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth
Mining is the extraction of geological materials and minerals from Earth's surface. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through
Mining
Process of getting coal to the surface
investment requirements. Surface mining and deep underground mining are the two basic methods of mining. The choice of mining method depends primarily
Coal_mining
Type of surface mining
Mountaintop removal mining (MTR), also known as mountaintop mining (MTM), is a form of surface mining at the summit or summit ridge of a mountain. Coal
Mountaintop_removal_mining
Branch of the United States Department of the Interior
The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) is a branch of the United States Department of the Interior. It is the federal agency
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
Office_of_Surface_Mining_Reclamation_and_Enforcement
Surface mining technique
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals
Open-pit_mining
Mining company
extraction and haulage of coal and minerals in both underground and surface mining. The company had manufacturing facilities in Alabama, Pennsylvania,
Joy_Global
Engineering discipline
engineering; control theory, instrumentation surface mining; open-pit mining underground mining (soft rock) underground mining (hard rock) computing; DATAMINE, MATLAB
Mining_engineering
United States law regulating coal mining
The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) is the primary federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining in the
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Surface_Mining_Control_and_Reclamation_Act_of_1977
Horizontal excavation mining method
underground mining techniques, room and pillar mining is relatively simple, lends itself to mechanization, and can reduce the risk of surface subsidence
Room_and_pillar_mining
Mining technique using high-pressure water jets to carve away minerals
while hydraulic mining was at its height, small-scale placer mining had largely exhausted the rich surface placers, and the mining industry turned to
Hydraulic_mining
Environmental problems from uncontrolled mining
biodiversity, or the contamination of soil, groundwater, and surface water by chemicals emitted from mining processes. These processes also affect the atmosphere
Environmental impact of mining
Environmental_impact_of_mining
Oil and bitumen deposits in Alberta, Canada
Sands by surface mining. In the Athabasca sands there are very large amounts of bitumen covered by little overburden, making surface mining the most efficient
Athabasca_oil_sands
Type of unconventional oil deposit
the surface as in Canada, meaning none of it can be produced using surface mining. The Canadian deposits will almost all have to be produced by mining or
Oil_sands
Restoration of land after mineral extraction
remediation. As part of the life cycle of a surface coal mine, completed mine areas must undergo rehabilitation. When mining ends, operators must restore the land
Mine_reclamation
Serbian coal surface mining company
EPS Surface Mining Kosovo (Serbian: ЕПС Површински копови Косово) is a Serbian coal surface mining company with headquarters in Obilić, Kosovo. EPS Surface
EPS_Surface_Mining_Kosovo
Equipment manufacturer
P&H Mining Equipment and Joy Mining Machinery. P&H Mining Equipment specializes in the design, manufacture and support of equipment applied to surface mines
P&H_Mining
Technique of mining stream bed deposits for minerals
Placer mining (/ˈplæsər/) is the mining of stream bed deposits for minerals. This may be done by open-pit mining or by various surface excavating equipment
Placer_mining
Surface Mining is done all over the United States and this causes growing concerns about the impact on the environment. West Virginia is one of the leading
Surface mining reclamation in West Virginia
Surface_mining_reclamation_in_West_Virginia
Mining term for the surface where the mining work is advancing
mining, the face is the surface where the mining work is advancing. In surface mining it is commonly called the pit face, while in underground mining
Face_(mining)
21st-century American politician from Texas
the elected regulatory body over oil, natural gas, utilities, and surface mining, since 2021. A Republican, Wright owns environmental services companies
Jim_Wright_(commissioner)
Spreaders in mining are heavy equipment used in surface mining and mechanical engineering/civil engineering. The primary function of a spreader is to
Spreader_(mining)
1981 United States Supreme Court case
Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining and Reclamation Association, 452 U.S. 264 (1981), is a United States Supreme Court case that unanimously held that the
Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining and Reclamation Association
Hodel_v._Virginia_Surface_Mining_and_Reclamation_Association
Mine or quarry that is no longer operational
including underground shaft mines and drift mines, and surface mines, including quarries and placer mining. Typically, the cost of addressing the mine's hazards
Abandoned_mine
Mining practices in ancient Rome
Mining in ancient Rome utilized hydraulic mining and shaft mining techniques in combination with equipment such as the Archimedes screw. The materials
Mining_in_ancient_Rome
increasingly accessed via a method known as Mountaintop Removal Mining, which is a form of surface mining that involves the topographical alteration and/or removal
Coal_mining_in_Kentucky
underground mining has given up market share to surface mining.[citation needed] Underground mining hazards include suffocation, gas poisoning, roof
Health and environmental impact of the coal industry
Health_and_environmental_impact_of_the_coal_industry
Soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock
require that land that is surface mined must be restored to its original productivity once mining is complete. Strip mining of lignite in the United States
Lignite
Process of extracting gold from the ground
mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface
Gold_mining
Pile built of accumulated spoil
earth materials removed during an excavation process. In surface mining (commonly called strip mining) for coal or other underground deposits, earth materials
Spoil_tip
Overview of and topical guide to mining
(in surface mining, it has to be removed) Prospecting Mineral exploration Some examples of materials that are extracted from the earth by mining include:
Outline_of_mining
American politician
the elected regulatory body over oil, natural gas, utilities, and surface mining first established in 1891. The commission ended all controls over railroads
Christi_Craddick
Mining equipment
five overburden conveyor bridges used in brown coal (lignite) opencast mining in the Lusatian coalfields in Germany. They were built by the former Volkseigener
Overburden Conveyor Bridge F60
Overburden_Conveyor_Bridge_F60
Practice used to extract sand
Sand mining is the extraction of sand, mainly through an open pit (or sand pit)[failed verification] but sometimes mined from beaches and inland dunes
Sand_mining
Heavy mining excavator
equipment machine used in surface mining. Their primary function is that of a continuous digging machine in large-scale open-pit mining operations, removing
Bucket-wheel_excavator
American environmental organization
University and SkyTruth to study the longterm environmental footprint of surface mining and mountaintop removal in Appalachia. The study was published in July
Appalachian_Voices
Any of three mining disasters in Springhill, Nova Scotia, Canada (1891, 1956, 1958)
vast labyrinth of galleries more than 4,000 feet (1,200 m) below the surface. Mining techniques there had been changed 20 years before the 1958 bump, from
Springhill_mining_disasters
In surface mining, stripping ratio or strip ratio refers to the amount of waste (or overburden) that must be removed to release a given ore quantity. It
Stripping_ratio
Environmental protection and equity
birth defect rates are higher in the areas surrounding surface mining locations. Coal mining production in Appalachia declined from 1990 to 2015, but
Environmental justice and coal mining in Appalachia
Environmental_justice_and_coal_mining_in_Appalachia
Piece of heavy equipment used in civil engineering and surface mining
dragline excavator is a heavy-duty excavator used in civil engineering and surface mining. It was invented in 1904, and presented an immediate challenge to the
Dragline_excavator
Excavating and processing solid wastes from landfills
Landfill mining and reclamation (LFMR) is a process which excavates and processes solid wastes which have previously been landfilled. The process aims
Landfill_mining
American coal industry executive
industry consultant and a former nominee for Administrator Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) Gardener started in coal as a project
J._Steven_Gardner
Mining for zinc
the common methods of zinc mining are open pit mining, open stope, and cut and fill mining: Open-pit mining: Surface mining involves the removal of waste
Zinc_mining
Area permanently changed by environmental or economic harm
Similarly in 1975, Genevieve Atwood wrote in Scientific American: Surface mining without reclamation removes the land forever from productive use; such
Sacrifice_zone
Mining techniques used to extract minerals/materials from sedimentary rock
techniques also differ greatly from those of surface mining. Longwall mining – A set of longwall mining equipment consists of a coal shearer mounted on
Underground_soft-rock_mining
Place where geological material has been excavated
Africa has been dated to about 70,000–60,000 years ago. Granite and marble mining has existed as far back as ancient Egypt. Crushed stone was used extensively
Quarry
Canadian technology company
control surface mining equipment. It is a provider of fleet management, machine guidance, asset health, and industrial safety technology to the mining sector
Wenco International Mining Systems
Wenco_International_Mining_Systems
Loader that holds the Guinness World record for Biggest Earth Mover
L-2350 Wheel Loader (formerly the L-2350 loader) is a loader used for surface mining. It is manufactured by Komatsu Limited. It holds the Guinness World
LeTourneau_L-2350
Form of petroleum primarily used in road construction
parts of the Athabasca oil sands are shallow enough to be suitable for surface mining. The other 80% has to be produced by oil wells using enhanced oil recovery
Bitumen
Government Waste and Protecting Coal Mining Jobs in America (H.R. 2824) is a bill that would amend the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Preventing Government Waste and Protecting Coal Mining Jobs in America
Preventing_Government_Waste_and_Protecting_Coal_Mining_Jobs_in_America
Arizona coal mine (1973–2019)
In 1982, the U.S. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSM) issued permit AZ-0001 for surface mining and reclamation operations on
Kayenta_Mine
American coal mining company
nations. It maintains ownership or majority interests in 17 surface and underground mining operations located throughout the United States and Australia
Peabody_Energy
Bucket-equipped machine used for digging and loading earth
cut down in 1985 and buried on the Peabody Sinclair Surface Mining site near the Paradise Mining Plant, where it was operated. It remains there, on non-public
Power_shovel
Salt mixture
particularly suitable for surface mining. It was explored in the 1960s but the works stopped due to flooding in 1967. Attempts to continue mining in the 1990s were
Potash
Line of bulldozer
There are several versions of the D475A that are used in surface mining, open-pit mining, quarries and construction worldwide. The 740 horsepower (550 kW)
Komatsu_D475A
particularly surface mining, have met significant resistance locally and at times have received international attention. Besides coal mining and natural
Environmental issues in Appalachia
Environmental_issues_in_Appalachia
Mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals and gems
methods of long hole mining. Typically, long hole mining requires two excavations within the ore at different elevations below surface (15 to 30 metres or
Underground_hard-rock_mining
Mining using simple manual tools
both surface and underground environments. Until the early 1900s, traditional mining was widely used throughout the world. It is still a used mining method
Traditional_mining
Oxidation product of lignite rich in humic acids
solutions. It is an oxidation product of lignite, associated with near-surface mining. It is a rich source of humic acid (up to 90%) and is used as a soil
Leonardite
Government agency for mineral resources
Office of Surface Mining with the passage of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, and this agency inherited USBM's surface mining activities
United_States_Bureau_of_Mines
an amendment to the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act. The act would redirect extraneous funds from the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation
Miners_Protection_Act
Mountainous region in eastern North America
produced by underground mining, the rest by surface mining. Mountaintop removal, a form of surface mining, is a highly controversial mining practice in central
Appalachia
(301.8 m AMSL) is the largest artificial hill worldwide, created by surface mining at the open cast lignite mine Tagebau Hambach operated by RWE Power
Sophienhöhe
Material that lies above the resource to be mined
removed during surface mining, but is typically not contaminated with toxic components. Overburden may also be used to restore an exhausted mining site during
Overburden
Technology used to produce heavy crude oil and bitumen
Alberta's oil sands, the other being strip-mining. While strip-mining is limited to deposits near the surface, steam-assisted gravity drainage technique
Steam-assisted gravity drainage
Steam-assisted_gravity_drainage
Lode of silver ore in Virginia City, Nevada, United States
of activity, including major surface mining operations by the Houston Oil and Mineral Company followed by United Mining in the late 1970s and early 1980s
Comstock_Lode
River in West Virginia, United States
Office of Surface Mining. AMD is created when sulfite-bearing mineral strata are exposed to air and rainwater, such as when surface mining occurs. The
Blackwater River (West Virginia)
Blackwater_River_(West_Virginia)
Department of the US federal government
for Land and Minerals Management Bureau of Land Management Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Bureau
United States Department of the Interior
United_States_Department_of_the_Interior
Open-pit mine for the extraction of gravel
maintenance of unpaved roads because the surfaces of unpaved roads must be continually graded and re-surfaced with new loads of aggregate. In remote regions
Gravel_pit
Canadian mining company
reclamation mine in an area that used to have underground mining operations. After surface mining has been completed, the land is reclaimed for other uses
Pioneer_Coal_Limited
the surface, or very close to it. Typical methods for extraction included drift mining and bell pits. As well as drift mines, small scale shaft mining was
History_of_coal_mining
Open-pit gold mine in Peru
Children exposed to the substance suffer the risk of brain damage. The surface mining operations have sprawled to cover over 100 square kilometers, an area
Río_Huaypetue_mine
Basin with coal deposits
western surface mines, especially in Wyoming's Powder River Basin. A surface mining method often used in the Appalachians is mountaintop removal mining. The
Coal-mining_region
Terrain depression created by mining activities
funnel-shaped depressions that formed at the surface above filled or collapsed mineshafts. In lode mining, shafts and pits followed the strike of the lode
Pinge
Form of underground coal mining
the surface. Longwall mining has been extensively used as the final stage in mining old room and pillar mines. In this context, longwall mining can be
Longwall_mining
specialty carbon applications. The company’s operations include large-scale surface mining, coal cleaning, sizing, and drying, rail-served loading terminals, and
Reading_Anthracite_Company
Mascot for the U.S. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
Coalie is the official mascot for the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE), a bureau within the United States Department of the
Coalie
Small-scale gold miners in Mongolia
2010s, as the number of illegal small-scale miners decreased and informal mining operations largely regularized through the issuance of licenses by the Government
Ninja_miner
and processing of oil shale. Surface mining of oil shale deposits causes the usual environmental impacts of open-pit mining. In addition, the combustion
Environmental impact of the oil shale industry
Environmental_impact_of_the_oil_shale_industry
Movement within the UMWA union
Montrie, Chad (2000). "Expedient Environmentalism: Opposition to Coal Surface Mining in Appalachia and the United Mine Workers of America, 1945–1975". Environmental
Miners_for_Democracy
nation's primary fuel source until the early 1950s. Surface (strip) and mountaintop removal mining overtook underground mines in the 1970s. In 2000, the
Coal mining in the United States
Coal_mining_in_the_United_States
Mining of a mineral deposit by underground methods
Drift mining is either the mining of an ore deposit by underground methods, or the working of coal seams accessed by adits driven into the surface outcrop
Drift_mining
Combustible sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbon
mines. The coal mining industry employs almost 2.7 million workers. More accidents occur during underground mining than surface mining. Not all countries
Coal
generated by Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) to be invested in communities adversely affected by the cessation of mining operations
RECLAIM_Act
Hill in Belgium
network of mining tunnels extended 200 kilometres (120 mi) by the 19th century but was severely shortened in the 20th century by surface mining. These days
Mount_Saint_Peter
Human disease caused by long-term exposure to coal dust
surface mining experience developed BLD. 0.5% of these miners had PMF. Most of these workers had never worked in an underground mine prior to surface
Black_lung_disease
Mine in North Province, New Caledonia
overruns on "hyper-inflation in mining project inputs" and felt that they were project specific; he was "forgiven" by mining analysts. The project was in
Koniambo_mine
Conservation and Recovery Act Rivers and Harbors Act Safe Drinking Water Act Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act Toxic Substances Control Act Wild and Scenic
List of federal environmental statutes in the United States
List_of_federal_environmental_statutes_in_the_United_States
Oil field in Madagascar
of approximately 400 square kilometres (150 sq mi). The prospective surface mining area is defined by wherever there is less than 40 metres (130 ft) depth
Bemolanga
Former dragline excavator
and the Environmental Protection Agency began moving to enforce the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act, which required all equipment be removed
Big_Muskie
River in the Eastern United States
Surface Mining Reclamation Act (SMCRA), and are completely or partially unreclaimed. Since 1987, the National Park Service and the Office of Surface Mining
New River (Kanawha River tributary)
New_River_(Kanawha_River_tributary)
River in the United States of America
Llewellyn Formation. The surficial geology consists of coal dumps, surface mining land, alluvium, Wisconsinan Outwash, Wisconsinan Till, urban land, and
Nanticoke_Creek
Genus of millipede
of semiarid desert soil in a resource-rich area and is threatened by surface mining. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eumillipes persephone. Marek
Eumillipes
Downward vertical movement of the Earth's surface
longwall mining and any metalliferous mining method which uses "caving" such as "block caving" or "sub-level caving") will result in surface subsidence
Subsidence
Temporary support structure
Cribbing is also used in sub-surface mining as a roof support. Cribbing has largely been replaced by hydraulic shoring in modern mining applications. Some forms
Box_crib
Outflow of acidic water from metal or coal mines
mine drainage", "mining-influenced water" or otherwise. None of these other names have gained general acceptance. Sub-surface mining often progresses
Acid_mine_drainage
Rock or sediment with valuable metals, minerals and elements
Methods can be generally categorized into surface mining such as open pit or strip mining, and underground mining such as block caving, cut and fill, and
Ore
Mountain range in eastern North America
mining, in which entire mountain tops are removed, is currently threatening vast areas and ecosystems of the Appalachian Mountain region. The surface
Appalachian_Mountains
The history of coal mining in the United States starts with the first commercial use in 1701, within the Manakin-Sabot area of Richmond, Virginia. Coal
History of coal mining in the United States
History_of_coal_mining_in_the_United_States
Mining without state permission
Illegal mining is mining activity that is undertaken without state permission. Illegal mining is the extraction of precious metal and or rocks without
Illegal_mining
SURFACE MINING
SURFACE MINING
Boy/Male
Irish Gaelic
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Scottish American English
Surname.
Boy/Male
Indian
Part of Sun
Surname or Lastname
Probably an Americanized spelling of the Swiss German surname Bunz (see Bunce).English
Probably an Americanized spelling of the Swiss German surname Bunz (see Bunce).English : possibly a variant of Bunt.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish American Biblical Hebrew
Surname.
Surname or Lastname
English (Cumbria and Durham)
English (Cumbria and Durham) : variant spelling of Furness.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish American Welsh
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish Gaelic
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish American English
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish American Welsh Scandinavian Scottish English
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Surface of the Earth
SURFACE MINING
SURFACE MINING
Girl/Female
Arabic, Hindu, Indian
Bunch of Flowers
Male
Hebrew
 Variant spelling of Hebrew Yehowshuwa, YEHOSHUA means "God is salvation."Â
Boy/Male
Tamil
Joyful unending, Calmness
Female
Chinese
a red gem.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a navigator, from Old Norse stýrimaðr ‘steersman’ (a compound of stýra ‘to steer’ + maðr ‘man’).English : from an Old French diminutive form Esturmin of a Germanic byname meaning ‘storm’. Compare Storm.North German (Sturmann) : altered spelling of Stuhrmann, an occupational name for a helmsman, from Middle Low German stūren ‘to steer’ + mann ‘man’.Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : origin uncertain; possibly an ornamental name from Polish szturman ‘mate (of a ship)’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from either of two places called Bulmer, in North Yorkshire and Essex, or from Boulmer in Northumberland. The first, recorded in Domesday Book as Bolemere, is named in Old English with bula ‘bull’ + mere ‘lake’, as is Boulmer; the second, found in early records as Bulenemera, is from bulena (genitive plural of bula) + mere ‘lake’.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Tamil
Cute Pearl; Precious Pearl
Girl/Female
Indian
Daughter of Buddha.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim
Light; Excellent; Of High Quality; Pure
Female
Slavic
(Даница) Slavic name DANICA means "morning star."
SURFACE MINING
SURFACE MINING
SURFACE MINING
SURFACE MINING
SURFACE MINING
imp. & p. p.
of Surface
a.
Having the surface smooth and polished; -- said of leaves, the surfaces of shells, etc.
n.
Surface; superficies; externality.
n.
Alt. of Serfdom
v. t.
To name or call by an appellation added to the original name; to give a surname to.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Surface
n.
To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace.
v. t.
To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
n.
A form of machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal, stone, etc.
n.
Surface; body; substance.
n.
An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron furnace; a hot-air furnace; a glass furnace; a boiler furnace, etc.
a.
meeting a curve or surface at a point and having at that point the same direction as the curve or surface; -- said of a straight line, curve, or surface; as, a line tangent to a curve; a curve tangent to a surface; tangent surfaces.
n.
Hence, outward or external appearance.
n.
The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
n.
A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
n.
That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
v. t.
To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
n.
An instrument for gauging or testing a plane surface. See Surface gauge, under Surface.