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Technology for telephone exchanges
Stored program control (SPC) is a telecommunications technology for telephone exchanges. Its characteristic is that the switching system is controlled
Stored_program_control
Type of computer
electrostatic storage tube. Stored program control Haigh, Thomas; Mark Priestley; Crispin Rope (2014), "Reconsidering the Stored-Program Concept" (PDF), IEEE
Stored-program_computer
Computer architecture where code and data share a common bus
such as discrete plugboard wiring or fixed control circuitry for instruction implementation. Stored-program computers were an advancement over the manually
Von_Neumann_architecture
Computer control of machine tools
of a sequential program of machine control instructions such as G-code and M-code, and then executed. The program can be written by a person or, far more
Computer_numerical_control
Telephone switch that interconnects telephone circuits
relay-operated metallic paths or crossbar switches operated by stored program control (SPC) systems. First announced in 1955, the first customer trial
Electronic_switching_system
DMS-Global Services Platform DMS-MTX (Cellular MTSO) Stored Program (SP) (Electronic Stored Program Control using mini-bar switches) SP1 2-Wire (Local) The
List_of_telephone_switches
Telecommunications switch by Northern Electric
was introduced in 1971. As indicated by the name "Stored Program", the SP-1 introduced computer control to the telephone switching market. (AT&T's #1ESS
SP-1_switch
CIA program involving illegal experimentation on human test subjects (1953–1973)
explore other possibilities of mind control. Subproject 54 was the Navy's top-secret "Perfect Concussion" program, which was supposed to use sub-aural
MKUltra
Programmable digital computer used to control machinery
time, otherwise unintended operation may result. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed-up or non-volatile memory. The
Programmable_logic_controller
Computerized telephone switchboard
TSPS was deployed in Morristown, New Jersey in 1969 and used the Stored Program Control-1A CPU, "Piggyback" twistor memory (a proprietary technology developed
Traffic Service Position System
Traffic_Service_Position_System
Software type
board system, but rarely to that operating a computer network or Stored Program Control exchange. E-mail was introduced in the early 1960s as a way for
Communication_software
to monitor the line. Stored program control exchanges finally solved the problem, by setting a bit mask in the scanning program and running a low priority
Permanent_signal
Operating system of the IBM System/38
computers prior to the System/38, and most modern ones, data stored on disk was stored in separate logical files. When data was added to a file it was
Control_Program_Facility
microcode" — rather than storing the microcode in ROM or hard-wired logic, the microcode is stored in a RAM called a writable control store or WCS. Such a computer
Control_store
Defunct telecommunications node in the United States; part of the Bell System
One Electronic Switching System (1ESS) was the first large-scale stored program control (SPC) telephone exchange or electronic switching system in the Bell
Number One Electronic Switching System
Number_One_Electronic_Switching_System
Programmable machine that processes data
instructions (program) stored on tape, allowing the machine to be programmable. The fundamental concept of Turing's design is the stored program, where all
Computer
Telephone service in some countries
This service became commonplace in the 1970s with the spread of Stored Program Control exchanges capable of implementing the required databases. It remains
Speed_calling
Telephone dialing procedure
proliferation of electronic switching systems that were based on stored program control (SPC), which reduced the need for electromechanical extensions of
Ten-digit_dialing
American worldwide manufacturing company
Pentaconta crossbar switch and (1970s) Metaconta D, L, and 10c Stored Program Control exchanges, mostly for sale to their respective national telephone
ITT_Inc.
Component of Microsoft Windows and Windows Server
Add or Remove Programs and Internet Options. Physically, these applets are stored as .cpl files so that they can be shown on the Control Panel. For example
Control_Panel_(Windows)
sometimes referred to as special purpose computers, but lacking stored program control, they were not computers according to the understanding of the middle
Marker_(telecommunications)
Telephone address signaling protocol
later version (7A2) of the rotary system, and the earlier 1970s stored program control exchanges. In some telephones, the pulses may be heard in the receiver
Pulse_dialing
(including all stored program control systems) are common control systems. Common control is also known as indirect control or register control. Early semi-mechanical
Common_control
Topics referred to by the same term
see IBM SAN Volume Controller Stored program control, a machine control principle that uses a computer to store programs and data Storm Prediction Center
SPC
Computer programming concept
used to denote a data structure storing information about an exceptional condition. One mechanism to transfer control, or raise an exception, is known
Exception handling (programming)
Exception_handling_(programming)
Low-level computer software
of these larger systems. Firmware is stored in non-volatile memory – either read-only memory (ROM) or programmable memory such as EPROM, EEPROM, or flash
Firmware
switches were replaced in the 1970s by the 1ESS switch generation with stored program control. Director telephone system W.J. Lacerte, Field Tests of the Crossbar
Number One Crossbar Switching System
Number_One_Crossbar_Switching_System
First electronic stored-program computer, 1948
the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), was the first electronic stored-program computer. It was built at the Victoria University of Manchester by Frederic
Manchester_Baby
Rodent infestation control
has maintained an essentially rat-free status through a rigorous rat control program. Alberta is bounded by the Rocky Mountains to the west, boreal forest
Rat_control_in_Alberta
Central computer component that executes instructions
so-called "von Neumann" memo expounded the idea of stored programs, which for example may be stored on punched cards, paper tape, or magnetic tape. Some
Central_processing_unit
Electromagnetic switching device
or the later remreed (remanent reed relay). In the Bell System Stored Program Control exchange systems of the 1970s, reed relays were no longer needed
Reed_relay
versatility of 5XB, Centrex was invented as a service package. Later stored program control exchanges allowed more extensive service features. Autovon originally
Number Five Crossbar Switching System
Number_Five_Crossbar_Switching_System
Guidance and navigation computer used in Apollo spacecraft
TC (transfer control) An unconditional branch to the address specified by the instruction. The return address was automatically stored in the Q register
Apollo_Guidance_Computer
Feature to notify telephone user of waiting voicemail
indicator (VMWI). A VMWI, as defined in Telcordia GR-1401-CORE, is a stored program controlled switching (SPCS) system feature that activates and deactivates
Message-waiting_indicator
Subroutine available to applications that access relational database management systems
are stored in the database data dictionary. Uses for stored procedures include data-validation (integrated into the database) or access-control mechanisms
Stored_procedure
Theorem about a certain class of control-flow graphs
In programming language theory, the structured program theorem, generally called the Böhm–Jacopini theorem, states that a class of control-flow graphs
Structured_program_theorem
American mathematician, software engineer, and inventor (born 1926)
greatly reducing the overloading problem. The system became known as stored program control. Hoover's thinking about the invention happened while she was in
Erna_Schneider_Hoover
Instructions a computer can execute
are stored. The other region is called the block started by segment, where variables declared without default values are stored. Variables stored in the
Computer_program
the exchange switch itself was replaced by more advanced systems. Stored program control exchanges, having computers anyway, do not need separate AMA equipment
Automatic_message_accounting
Database for Microsoft Windows
Furthermore, strongly typed data can be stored in the registry, as opposed to the text information stored in .INI files. This is a benefit when editing
Windows_Registry
Form of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices
devices. Data stored in ROM cannot be electronically modified after the manufacture of the memory device. Read-only memory is useful for storing software that
Read-only_memory
Pioneering telex exchanges
pioneered the introduction of digital equipment and the deployment of Stored Program Controlled (SPC) Exchanges, gradually replacing the former electromechanical
T200 telex and data switching system
T200_telex_and_data_switching_system
Distributed version control software system
server. A repository is stored on each computer in a standard directory with additional, hidden files to provide version control capabilities. Git provides
Git
Line printer, part of the IBM 1130 computer system
Forms skipping under program control through automatic, paper-tape-controlled carriage. Printer operation under stored-program control through automatic
IBM_1132
19th century proposed mechanical computer
be stored in the form of pegs inserted into rotating drums called "barrels", to carry out some of the more complex instructions the user's program might
Analytical_engine
American telecommunications and audio manufacturer
reed-switch with a matrix similar to the AE EAX. The ESC, was not however Stored Program Control and had more in common with crossbar switching than other SPC electronic
Stromberg-Carlson
Programming language learning environment
project including sounds (stored as .wav) and images (stored as .png). Each filetype, excluding the project.json, is stored as a number, starting at 0
Scratch (programming language)
Scratch_(programming_language)
Instructions directly executable by a computer
encoded and structured to control a computer's central processing unit (CPU) via its programmable interface. A computer program consists primarily of sequences
Machine_code
Layer of hardware-level instructions or data structures
is the code stored in the memory containing the microcode or the storage device from which the microcode is loaded into the control store. This makes
Microcode
Programming language close to hardware
[vague][citation needed] These languages provide the programmer with full control over program memory and the underlying machine code instructions. Because of the
Low-level programming language
Low-level_programming_language
Managing versions of source code or data
revision control is known as a "working copy". As a simple example, when editing a computer file, the data stored in memory by the editing program is the
Version_control
Optical digital memory device
flying-spot store was an optical digital memory used in early stored program control components of electronic switching systems. The flying-spot store used a
Flying-spot_store
Records were kept as pencil notations in ledger books or index cards. Stored program control exchanges in the 1970s had teleprinter channels for entering and
Recent change memory administration center
Recent_change_memory_administration_center
Data structure used in computer programs
and inline blocks of a computer program. This type of stack is also known as an execution stack, program stack, control stack, run-time stack, or machine
Call_stack
Process to create executable computer programs
604, were programmed by control panels in a similar way, as were the first electronic computers. However, with the concept of the stored-program computer
Computer_programming
Data that causes a computer to follow indicated instructions
executable file, executable program, and executable image describe forms in which the information is represented and stored. A native executable is machine
Executable
Commodity cheese controlled by American government
since 2018. Much government cheese was stored in "Missouri cheese caves", underground warehouses for storing and aging cheese in and around the Midwestern
Government_cheese
machines. Stored-program computers, by contrast, were designed to store a set of instructions (a program), in memory – typically the same memory as stored data
History_of_computing_hardware
Type of programming paradigm in computer science
are stored. The other region is called the block started by segment, where variables declared without default values are stored. Variables stored in the
Imperative_programming
information is stored in the thread control block highlighting important information about each process. Parallel Thread Execution Process control block (PCB)
Thread_control_block
Process of starting a computer
take weeks to program, and program loading was one of many problems that had to be solved. An early computer, ENIAC, had no program stored in memory but
Booting
Term in computer security
redirecting the flow of execution (the control flow) of a program. A computer program commonly changes its control flow to make decisions and use different
Control-flow_integrity
General-purpose programming language
important functions of a programming language is to provide facilities for managing memory and the objects that are stored in memory. C provides three
C_(programming_language)
Research and scientific development company
Labs-developed thick film hybrid and transistor–transistor logic (TTL), stored program-controlled switching systems; 1A/#4 TOLL Electronic Switching Systems (ESS)
Bell_Labs
Connection between computers or programs
Moreover, the overall program flow of control can be out of the control of the caller and in the framework's hands by inversion of control or a similar mechanism
API
Software development collaboration platform
to create, store, manage, and share their code. It uses Git to provide distributed version control and GitHub itself provides access control, bug tracking
GitHub
Distributed revision control system
signatures Every changeset is stored with a hash to prevent accidental corruption. Using an external file signing program (such as GnuPG or another PGP
GNU_arch
Version control system for source code
text, a control record is inserted surrounding the change. The control records are stored in the body along with the original text records. SCCS provides
Source_Code_Control_System
Control of harmful species
infest stored dry goods. Some inflict great economic loss, others carry diseases or cause fire hazards, and some are just a nuisance. Control of these
Pest_control
US not-for-profit corporation
Staten Island. Stored vaccines in food refrigerators and alongside animal remains: Auditors found vaccines and employee lunches stored together at the
Animal_Care_Centers_of_NYC
Attitude control device
Since the total angular momentum to be stored had only three degrees of freedom, while the control program could change six independent variables (the
Control_moment_gyroscope
Remembered information in a computer system
sequential logic, information from past inputs is stored in electronic memory elements, such as flip-flops. The stored contents of these memory elements, at a given
State_(computer_science)
Discontinued family of computer operating systems
CP/M, originally standing for Control Program/Monitor and later Control Program for Microcomputers, is a mass-market operating system created in 1974
CP/M
with telephone networks. With the huge development of computers, stored program control of network nodes and computer communication, the traditional teletraffic
International Teletraffic Congress
International_Teletraffic_Congress
Common-channel signaling replaced senders after the development of stored program control (SPC). A secondary meaning within the UK broadcast engineering community
Sender_(telephony)
Concept in computer security
mechanisms aim to maintain the control-flow integrity of the protected program by detecting attacks that tamper the stored return address by an attacker
Shadow_stack
Computer-based technologies
recognizably modern electronic digital stored-program computer was the Manchester Baby, which ran its first program on 21 June 1948. The development of transistors
Information_technology
control or power from one source to another by having a "make" contact operate before the corresponding "break" contact does. For the stored program control
Wire_spring_relay
Application for storing and managing passwords
password manager is a software program that prevents password fatigue by automatically generating, autofilling, and storing passwords. They are useful for
Password_manager
Mainframe computer operating system
The MCP (Master Control Program) is the operating system of the Burroughs B5000/B5500/B5700 and the B6500 and successors, including the Unisys Clearpath/MCP
Burroughs_MCP
Named container for a particular type of data
often remain fixed, the data stored in the location may be changed during program execution. In imperative programming languages, values can generally
Variable (high-level programming language)
Variable_(high-level_programming_language)
First computer to use magnetic disk storage
sell a product with more storage. Programming the 305 involved not only writing machine language instructions to be stored on the drum memory, but also almost
IBM_305_RAMAC
British computer scientist (1913–2010)
the earliest stored-program computers, and who invented microprogramming, a method for using stored-program logic to operate the control unit of a central
Maurice_Wilkes
Graphical representation of a computer program or algorithm
sequences of C statements taken directly from the source program. Only the structured control flow has been eliminated. Now consider a more complex example
Control-flow_graph
Software responsible for starting the computer
random-access memory (RAM). The computer first executes a relatively small program stored in the boot ROM, which is read-only memory (ROM, and later EEPROM, NOR
Bootloader
Traditional first example of a computer programming language
A "Hello, world" program is usually a simple computer program that displays on the screen (often the console) a message similar to "Hello, world". A small
Hello,_world
Concurrency control method commonly used by database management systems
concurrent access to the database and in programming languages to implement transactional memory. Without concurrency control, if someone is reading from a database
Multiversion concurrency control
Multiversion_concurrency_control
Political scandals over anomalous flood control projects
Ribbon Committee, described the ₱545.6 billion (US$11.08 billion) flood control program as "a grand robbery," claiming that kickbacks and commissions as high
Flood control projects scandal in the Philippines
Flood_control_projects_scandal_in_the_Philippines
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
Apollo program returned over 382 kg (842 lb) of lunar rocks and soil to the Lunar Receiving Laboratory in Houston. Today, 75% of the samples are stored at
Apollo_program
Television term
black-and-white display, and would locally store programming information for around one week in time. A remote control was used to interact with the unit. When
Electronic_program_guide
Information relative to U.S. National Security
classification level. The federal government requires the SCI be processed, stored, used or discussed in a sensitive compartmented information facility (SCIF)
Sensitive compartmented information
Sensitive_compartmented_information
Keyword used in some programming languages to tag variables
implications regarding function calling conventions and how variables are stored, accessed and cached. In C and C++, volatile is a type qualifier, like const
Volatile (computer programming)
Volatile_(computer_programming)
Computer bug exploit caused by invalid data
executable loaded into memory and comparing it with stored and expected hashes. NX bit: all user data is stored in special memory sections that are marked as
Code_injection
Model that describes the programmable interface of a computer processor
are used to store the contents of a register, the contents of another memory location or the result of a computation, or to retrieve stored data to perform
Instruction_set_architecture
Series of telephone exchange systems released by IBM
developed an electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange: the first stored-program-controlled PABX to be marketed and installed worldwide. The product family
IBM 1750, 2750 and 3750 Switching Systems
IBM_1750,_2750_and_3750_Switching_Systems
1943–1973 military research program
(stored at Edgewood Arsenal, 1951–1957), wheat stem rust spores (stored at the same facility 1962–1969), and the causative agent of rice blast (stored
United States biological weapons program
United_States_biological_weapons_program
First electronic general-purpose digital computer
not work. A small master control unit to turn the machine on and off was also added. The programming of the stored program for ENIAC was done by Betty
ENIAC
Software that provides access that hides details
MetaOCaml). These can allow programs to omit boilerplate code, abstract away tedious function call sequences, implement new control flow structures, and implement
Abstraction (computer science)
Abstraction_(computer_science)
Desk Interface (SMDI) is an analog interface between the local stored program-controlled switching system (SPCS) and a message storage and retrieval (MSR)
Simplified Message Desk Interface
Simplified_Message_Desk_Interface
computer-based control system and language designed specifically for use with Unimation Inc. industrial robots. The VAL robot language is permanently stored as a
Variable_Assembly_Language
STORED PROGRAM-CONTROL
STORED PROGRAM-CONTROL
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Cambridgeshire)
English (mainly Cambridgeshire) : variant of Pilgrim.
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, STORMY means "stormy."
Boy/Male
Arabic
Way; Program
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived on an island lying close to shore, from Middle English schore ‘shore’ + eye ‘island’.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : variant spelling of Pilgrim.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Stanney in Cheshire, named with Old English stÄn ‘stone’, ‘rock’ + Ä“g ‘island’.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Prowess
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name for someone from any of the numerous places called Stoke.Dutch : occupational name for a stoker, Middle Dutch stokere, or from the same word in the sense ‘fire raiser’, ‘arsonist’.Scottish : occupational name for a trumpeter, Gaelic stocaire, an agent derivative of stoc ‘Gaelic trumpet’. The name is borne by a sept of the McFarlanes.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Start
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name from Middle English score ‘steep place’ (Old English scoru), or a habitational name from Score in Ilfracombe or Scur Farm in Braunton, Devon.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Way. Program.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Way; Program; Road; Path
Surname or Lastname
English (southern)
English (southern) : habitational name from places in Gloucestershire and Middlesex, so named from Old English strÅd ‘marshy ground overgrown with brushwood’. Strood in Kent is named with the same word, and some examples of the surname are no doubt derived from this term in independent use.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Shore 1 and 2.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, English
Tempestuous; Stormy Weather; Violent Weather
Male
German
Frisian form of Old High German Siegward, SJOERD means "victory guard."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name from Old Norse storð ‘brushwood’ or ‘young plantation’. There is a place so named in Cumbria (formerly in Lancashire), as well as a High Storrs in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, both named from this word.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from an agent derivative of Middle English stor ‘provisions’, ‘supplies’, hence an occupational name for an official in charge of dispensing provisions in a great house or monastery, or who collected rents paid in kind. The word stor was also used in the Middle Ages for livestock, and the surname may sometimes have denoted a keeper of animals.South German : from a Bavarian dialect word, storer, denoting an unskilled workman, i.e. someone who was not a member of a craft guild.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
The Highest Point; Summit
STORED PROGRAM-CONTROL
STORED PROGRAM-CONTROL
Boy/Male
Spanish American
Resolute protector.
Girl/Female
Russian
Abbreviation of Anastasia 'one who will be reborn.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Tiger
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for someone who looked after asses and horses, from Middle English colt ‘young ass’, later also ‘young horse’, ‘colt’ + man.
Girl/Female
Argentina, Australian, Indian, Italian
Flowing Air
Boy/Male
Tamil
Dalapathi | தலாபதீ
Leader of a group
Girl/Female
Indian
Lovely
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Moon
Girl/Female
Indian
A river in heaven, A Spring in paradise
Boy/Male
Muslim
Star
STORED PROGRAM-CONTROL
STORED PROGRAM-CONTROL
STORED PROGRAM-CONTROL
STORED PROGRAM-CONTROL
STORED PROGRAM-CONTROL
a.
Set apart by solemn religious ceremony; especially, in a good sense, made holy; set apart to religious use; consecrated; not profane or common; as, a sacred place; a sacred day; sacred service.
Compar.
Having the mind filled with ideas; stocked with knowledge; stored with information.
n.
One who lays up or forms a store.
n.
One who snores.
a.
Having a spire; being in the form of a spire; as, a spired steeple.
v. t.
To store again; as, the goods taken out were re-stored.
n.
See Programme.
a.
Stored or furnished with wine.
n.
One who, or that which, scores.
v. t.
Articles, especially of food, accumulated for some specific object; supplies, as of provisions, arms, ammunition, and the like; as, the stores of an army, of a ship, of a family.
n.
Alt. of Grogran
n.
A receptacle in which anything is stored, especially military stores, as ammunition, arms, provisions, etc.
v. t.
To deposit in a store, warehouse, or other building, for preservation; to warehouse; as, to store goods.
n.
Same as Programme.
a.
Collected or accumulated as a reserve supply; as, stored electricity.
a.
Having (such or so many) stories; -- chiefly in composition; as, a two-storied house.
a.
Relating to religion, or to the services of religion; not secular; religious; as, sacred history.
n.
One who, or that which, shores or props; a prop; a shore.
imp. & p. p.
of Store
pl.
of Programma